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课程名称 医学英语 授课题目 Unit One：Introduction to Disease (Book Two) 授课对象 Grade 2009(本科及专升本2009级) Course Introduction：60ms; 时间分配 Word Study: 40ms; Text Analysis: 120ms Exercises: 20ms 课时目标 Get familiar with this book and basic introduction to disease. Medical Terminology; Style of Medical English; Disease;考授课重点 研英语 授课难点 Introduction to Disease 授课形式 Classroom 授课方法 Students centered with the guidance from the teacher College English for Senior Medical Students, online 参考文献 information, physiology. 思考题 Have you ever encountered any illness or disease? 教研室主教研室主任（签字 ）课程负责人（签字）授课人（签字）任及课程 负责人签字 年 月 日 年 月 日 年 月 日
Teaching Procedure
I. Work Review
II. Warming-up Activities\\ Lead-in
III.New Words & Expressions
IV. Text Analysis
V. Language Points: Sentence Patterns
VI. Exercises
VII. Homework
Unit One Introduction to Disease
Section 1 Introduction
I. Introduction of Medical English and Our Study Book
A. the relationship of medical English and our common college English;
B. The introduction of the book and how we will go in the class and the time plan.
II. Course Objectives
A. Vocabulary
Medical Terms15%; Popular Science Vocabulary15%; Essential Vocabulary70% Medical Terms
Basic Word Structure: word root, suffix, prefix, combining vowel Word root:
It's the main part or foundation of the word, usu. derived from Greek or Latin. Most medical terms have one or more word roots.
Recognize word roots in the following non-medical words: Balance imbalance; teacher teaching teaches
Recognize word roots in the following medical words: gastric: the root “gastr”meaning stomach. Suffix:
A suffix is added to the end of a word root to modify its meaning. The suffix will usu. tell what is happening to the root, indicate a procedure, condition, disease, or part of speech.
Recognize the suffix in the following medical words:
gastritis:-itis meaning inflammation, so the whole word means inflammation of the lining of the stomach. Prefix:
It's the word element located at the beginning of a word, changes the meaning of the word. It usu. tells sth. more specific about the word root, indicates a number, time, position, direction, color etc. Recognize the preffix in the following medical words: transgastric: trans- meaning across Combining Vowel:
A vowel (usu. O) linking the root to the suffix or to another root. Recognize the combining vowel in the following medical words: electrocardiogram (ECG)
Rules of studying medical English:
Read the meaning of medical terms from the suffix back to the first part of the word. Drop the combining vowel before a suffix beginning with a vowel. Retain the combining vowel between two roots in a word. Examples
gastroenterology: the root gastr means stomach, the root enter means intestines, the suffix -logy means process of study. B. Style of Medical English: Word
医学英语用词特点：75% 来自拉丁、希腊语；词汇意义较稳定; 词汇不具有感情色彩；用词具体；注重专业意义、书面语言； 较少用短语动词，常用单个动词 ? 词汇意义较稳定
医学英语中有众多的习惯用语和专用术语，其词义的稳定性，使它们在表达某一概念或现象时，总是被重复使用。 Examples
change dressings（换敷料），goose flesh（鸡皮疙瘩），contrast medium（造影剂），blue spot（青斑），peptic ulcer（消化性溃疡），whooping cough（百日咳） ? 词汇不具有感情色彩 Example Responsible
（1）The pilot of the plane is responsible for the passengers safety.
（2） Bacteria or their products are responsible for most instances of food poisoning. ? 用词具体
医学英语很少使用具有夸张、比喻含义的词汇，用词具体化。 Example “患者”
（1）A diabetic is not allowed to take sweets.
（2）The prescriber and the user of this product must master the terms hereof.
（3）Cataracts are classified according to the age of the individual，etiology and morphologic characteristics of the opacity. （4）He is a renal transplant recipient. ? 较少用短语动词，常用单个动词
医学英语较少使用短语动词，更多地使用所谓“规范”的书面语动词，常常用单个动词。 Example
用absorb来表示take in，用discover来表示find out，用observe来表示look at，用cancel来表示call off。
Style of Medical English: Grammar
医学英语在语法结构上的一些特点：大量使用名词和名词词组，较多使用被动语态结构，频繁使用非谓语动词短语，含两个动词以上从句的长句多，用will+动词原形或一般现在时，表示自然规律或通常结果。 ? 大量使用名词和名词词组
医学英语常用由动词转化来的名词。 Example
大多数II型糖尿病人肥胖，所以饮食疗法的主要目的是减肥。限制热量摄入的饮食常可明显改善高血糖症。
译文1: The majority of type II diabetic patients are obese. The main goal of diet therapy is therefore to lose weight. A diet restricted in calories usually improves the patient's hyperglycemia greatly.
译文2: The majority of type II diabetic patients are obese. The main goal of diet therapy is therefore weight loss. A diet restricted in calories usually results in a great improvement of the patient's hyperglycemia. ? 较多使用被动语态结构
医学英语的文献中较多地使用被动语态结构 Example
The infant with eczema must not be vaccinated until his skin has been clear for a year or so，nor should he be exposed to other persons with fresh vaccinia lesions. The child with eczema should also be protected，as far as possible，from the virus of herpes simplec，He should be immunized in the usual way against diphtheria，pertussis，tetanus and poliomyelitis. Egg-grown vaccines should be avoided in egg-sensitive patients.
? 频繁使用非谓语动词短语
医学英语文献中，非谓语动词短语用得较频繁。 Example
All therapeutic programmes designed to decrease the cardiac load begin with \In the normal subject，the amount of blood that the heart is called upon to eject is matched，to the. level of metabolic activity，automatically rising and falling with the oxygen consumption. By decreasing the metabolic requirements via restricting activity，the work required of the heart is decreased. ? 含两个动词以上从句的长句多
医学英语中，包含两个以上从句的长句较多。 Example
A closed operation is often preferable for patients with pure mitral stenosis who have not been operated upon before，who have no detectable valvular or perivalvular calcification on fluoroscopic examination，and in whom there is no suspicion of left atrial thrombosis.
? 用will+动词原形或一般现在时，表示自然规律或通常结果 Example
汉语原文4:选择口服降血糖药或胰岛素须取决于许多因素，包括高血糖的程度，社会及经济状况，低血糖的相对风险和危险以及病人和医生个人所好。
译文1: The choice of an oral hypoglycemic drug or insulin must depend on many factors，including the degree ……
译文2: The choice of oral hypoglycemic drug or insulin will depend/depends on many factors，including……
Section 2 Text Study
III. Introduction to Disease
A. Question: Have you ever encountered any illness or disease? B. New Words and Phrases
? appreciation: n. 欣赏，感激，鉴识，评价，增值
1.Mary was frustrated by the lack of appreciation shown of her work. 玛丽因工作得不到赏识而灰心丧气。