2009年考研英语考试中心6套题第六套附精解答案(6)

2019-03-09 17:35

大家学习网

(3)foliaged(a.)叶饰的,有很多叶子的 (4)canopy(n.)天篷,遮篷,苍穹

(5)emergent(a.)新兴的,处于发展初期的 emerge(v.)出现 (6)vines (n.) 藤,蔓

(7)domino (n.)骨牌,多米诺骨牌 (8)regeneration (n.)再生,重建

全文翻译

热带雨林的结构有别于其它大部分森林类型,原因就在于它有很多的植被层,称之为树层。最低层是下层植被,由棕榈树、草本植物(如野姜花)、树苗和小树构成。仅有2%的阳光可以透过上面众多的叶层和枝层,所以下层植被形成了适应低光强的特性。[B] 许多植物的叶子下侧呈深红色,以便获取能够到达森林下层植被的少量的光。这种红颜色使下层植被比起那些有很多绿色叶子组成的冠层(即,树的伞状上层结构)的植被更能吸收不同波长的光。在森林地表以上冠层以下是一个或多个中间层,由灌木丛和中等大小的树木等木本植物组成。

冠层就是森林的上层,其中树冠形成连续不断的层面并获取到达森林的大部分雨水和阳光。冠层的高度因地区和森林的不同而不同,范围在20-50米(65-105英尺)之间。这个浓郁的绿色森林冠层焕发着勃勃生机,森林研究者已经找到了评估这个神秘的生态系统的一些独创的方法。[G] 研究人员使用热气球、电缆、狭窄过道、铁塔、精密的爬树设备,甚至使用机器人来研究数百万种把巢筑在高高的冠层上的动植物。冠层研究者们还使用大型的起重机,通过直升飞机将它们安置在森林的中心地带。悬挂在起重机长长的活动臂上的是一个较大的屋子,作为一个移动的树冠实验室使用。通过在树与树之间移动,研究者们收集样本、进行实验并且在冠层最边缘处观察生命。

热带雨林的最上层由新生的树木组成,那些独立的树在冠层上部竖起。这些新生的树木没有形成一个连续层,但它们通常是森林的“巨人”,高度可达35-70米(115-230英尺)或者更高,树干的直径也有两米多(6.6英尺)。但是,森林中不到1%的树生长在冠层和新生树木层。[E] 尽管如此,这些树一般都很粗壮,因此构成了森林中大部分的树木或生物物质。

雨林中排列有序的树层,包括连续的树冠层,经常遭到诸如树木倒塌这样的自然事件的破坏。雨林冠层的树木通常由藤蔓彼此相连,因此倒下的树木可能把其他的树都拽起和推倒,造成了一种树木倒塌的“多米诺”效应。结果,森林冠层出现的缺口使阳光能够照射到森林地表上来。然后,新的动植物会搬到这些地方并开始生长。[A]

其他的自然干扰造成了森林冠层更大的空隙。例如,沿加勒比海飓风带和沿西太平洋的台风带,每几十年狂风和暴雨就会摧毁成百计的树木,因此一些森林就完全地改变了。在小范围内,一些大的哺乳动物,如大象,通常会破坏非洲刚果河盆地的热带雨林植被。[C]科学家已经发现这些自然干扰和后来的森林再生是一个至关重要的过程,这个过程形成了茂盛的、形形色色的森林。

Part C

http://club.TopSage.com

大家学习网

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

Relativity theory has had a profound influence on our picture of matter by forcing us to modify our concept of a particle in an essential way. (47)In classical physics, the mass of an object had always been associated with an indestructible material substance, with some “stuff” of which all things were thought to be made. Relativity theory showed that mass has nothing to do with any substance, but is a form energy. Energy, however, is a dynamic quantity associated with activity, or with processes.(48)The fact that the mass of a particle is equivalent to a certain of energy means that the particle can no longer be seen as a static object, but has to be conceived as a dynamic pattern, a process involving the energy which manifest itself as the particle’s mass.

(49)This new view of particles was initiated by Dirac when he formulated a relativistic equation describing the behavior of electrons. Dirac’s theory was not only extremely successful in accounting for the fine details of atomic structure, but also revealed a fundamental symmetry between matter and anti-matter. It predicted the existence of an anti-matter with the same mass as the electron but with an opposite charge. This positively charged particle, now called the positron, was indeed discovered two years after Dirac had predicted it. The symmetry between matter and anti-matter implies that for every particle there exists an antiparticles with equal mass and opposite charge. Pairs of particles and antiparticles can be created if enough energy is available and can be made to turn into pure energy in the reverse process of destruction.(50)These processes of particle creation and destruction had been predicted from Dirac’s theory before they were actually discovered in nature, and since then they have been observed millions of times. The creation of material particles from pure energy is certainly the most spectacular effect of relativity theory, and it can only be understood in terms of the view of particles outlined above.(51)Before relativistic particle physics, the constituents of matter had always been considered as being either elementary units which were indestructible and unchangeable, or as composite objects which could be broken up into their constituent parts; and the basic question was whether one could divide matter again and again, or whether one would finally arrive at some smallest indivisible units.

答案

47.在古典物理中,某一物体的质量总是与一种不可毁灭的物质相关联。这是一种构成一切物质的“东西”。

48.某一粒子的质量相当于一定的能量,这一事实意味着该粒子不再被看作是一个静态的物体,而应该被看成是一种动态的形式,一种与能量表现为粒子质量相关的过程。

49.这一新的粒子观是由迪拉克首创的,他列出了描述电子运动行为的相对论方程。 50.粒子生成和毁灭的过程在真正被发现之前,迪拉克的理论已经对它们作出了预测,从那时起人们对此做过数百万次的观测。

http://club.TopSage.com

大家学习网

51.在相对论粒子物理学诞生之前,人们一直以为物质的构成成分要么是不可毁灭和不可改变的基本单位,要么是可以分解为其构成部分的合成物。

总体分析

本文是一篇关于粒子物理理论的文章。

第一段:指出相对论改变了我们的粒子概念,从而影响了我们对物质的理解。 第二段:指出这一粒子观点是由迪拉克首创的,他的理论揭示了物质和反物质的基本对称。该理论已经得到了证实。

第三段:纯能量创造物质粒子是相对论最惊人的影响。相对论观点的粒子物理学改变了人们对于物质的看法和理解。

本文是一篇科普性说明文,属于正式文体。考生首要的任务是清楚地分析句子结构,并结合自己的物理常识准确把握生疏词汇,在此基础上完成翻译。本题考核的知识点:(一)被动语态。(二)定语,包括定语从句,分词作定语。(三)状语从句。

试题精解

47.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是:被动语态、定语从句的译法。

该句的句子主干是:the mass ... had always been associated with an indestructible material substance,其中完成时的被动语态had been associated with,可译成“总是与...相关联”。with some “stuff” of which引导的定语从句修饰indestructible material substance,翻译的时候应该按照汉语习惯,将定语前置,放到所修饰的名词前面。可直译为“所有物质被认为是由这种物质构成的”,或意译为“这是构成一切物质的东西”。考生应该注意of 与be made是词组be made of被分隔了的形式,译成“由...构成的”。

词汇:classical“经典的,古典的”,在该句中取其第二种含义,译成“古典物理”。 48.[精解] 本题考核知识点:同位语、宾语从句、定语从句、现在分词作定语的译法。

该句的句子主干是The fact means that...,fact后是that 引导的同位语从句,同位语从句的翻译和定语从句翻译有很多相似之处,如果句子较长,可单独成句,并用“这一事实...”将从句和主语连接在一起,that可以省略不译。Means后是that引导的宾语从句,其中有两个并列的谓语:can no longer be seen as和has to be conceived as,译为“不能再被看成...,而应该被看成...”。a process 是宾语补足语a dynamic pattern的同位语,可以译成并列结构。Involving...部分是现在分词作定语,修饰a process,按照汉语习惯译成“与??有关的过程”。Which...mass是定语从句,修饰the energy,可译成“表现为粒子质量的能量。”

词汇:be equivalent to“等同于,相当于”。 Be conceived as“被看成,被认为”。Dynamic“动力的,动态的”。

49.[精解] 本题考核知识点:被动语态、状语从句、现在分词作定语的译法。 该句的句子主干是被动语态结构This new view of particles was initiated by Dirac,在翻译被动语态时,通常按照汉语习惯转换成主动语态,但是有时候为了突出施动者,也可译成“由...所做的”。该句中为了突出initiated这一动作是由Dirac发出,应译成“这一观点是

http://club.TopSage.com

大家学习网

由...首创的”。When 引导时间状语从句,可译成“当...的时候”,或者为了突出正在发生的事件,译成“那时候...”。describing ... electrons部分是现在分词作定语,修饰relativistic equation,应该按照汉语习惯译成“描述电子运动行为的相对论方程”。

词汇:initiated“开始,发起”,句中译为“首创”。Formulated“用公式表达,明确地表达“。relativistic equation“相对论方程”。

50.[精解] 本体考核知识点:状语从句、被动语态的译法。

该句由两个并列的分句构成:These processes had been predicted和since then they have been observed。前一分句中of particle creation and destruction部分是介词短语作定语,修饰主语processes,应译为“粒子生成和毁灭的过程”。Before...in nature部分为时间状语,翻译时,可按照汉语习惯前置,译成“在...之前”。后一分句中的时间状语since then可译成“在..之后”或“从那时”。此外翻译被动语态结构had been predicted from Dirac’s theory时,为了突出施动者,可以按照汉语习惯,译为主动结构。

词汇:creation and destruction“生成和毁灭”。predict“预测,预言”,文中谈论的是科学现象,应该译为“预测”。in nature“实际上”。

51.[精解] 本题考核知识点:完成时的被动语态、状语从句、定语从句、either...or结构的译法。

该句的句子主干是:the constituents of matter had always been considered as either...or....。完成时的被动语态had always been considered,可按照汉语习惯译成主动语态,即“人们一直以为”。状语before...可直接翻译,在句中位置不变。Either...or...句型应该译成“或者...或者...”,也可以译成“要么...要么...”。本句中两个as...部分均为宾语补足语,与consider一起译成“看成是...”。两个which引导定语从句,修饰两个宾语补足语,翻译时采用前置法将定语提前。

词汇:relativistic particle physics“相对粒子物理学”,constituents of matter“物质构成成分”, composite objects“合成物”。

全文翻译

相对论迫使我们从本质上改变了粒子概念,从而深深地影响了我们对物质的理解。在古典物理中,某一物体的质量总是与一种不可毁灭的物质相关联。这是一种构成一切物质的“东西”。相对论表明,质量与任何物质都毫无关系,它只是一种能量形式。而能量则是与运动或过程联系在一起的动态的量。某一粒子的质量相当于一定的能量,这一事实意味着该粒子不能再被看作是一个静态的物体,而应该被看成是一种动态的形式,一种与能量表现为粒子质量相关的过程。

这一新的粒子观是由迪拉克首创的,他列出了描述电子运动行为的相对论方程。迪拉克理论的极大成功不仅是因为证明了原子结构的微细节,还因为它揭示了物质与反物质的基本对称。这一理论预测了反物质的存在,反物质与电子质量相同,电荷相反。迪拉克做出预测两年后,就有人真正发现这种释放正电的粒子,也就是现在的正电子。物质和反物质的对称显示了每个粒子都存在着一个质量相同但电荷相反的反粒子。如果有足够的能量,就能创造出粒子和反粒子的粒子对,并在其逆向破坏的过程中转化成纯能量。粒子生成和毁灭的过

http://club.TopSage.com

大家学习网

程在真正被发现之前,迪拉克的理论已经对它们作出了预测,从那时起人们对此做过数百万次的观测。

纯能量创造物质粒子无疑是相对论产生的最惊人的影响,也只有通过上述粒子观才能理解。在相对粒子物理学诞生之前,人们一直以为物质的构成成分要么是不可毁灭和改变的基本单位,要么是可以分解为其构成部分的合成物。基本的问题是:人们是否可以一次又一次地分裂物质,或者说人们是否可以最终达到一些最小的不可分割的单位。

Section Ⅲ Writing

Part A 51. Directions:

Suppose you are going to graduate. You want to hold a yard sale before you leave. Write a poster to advertise your sale, providing the following information:

1) time and place of the sale, 2) items for sale, and 3) ways to contact you.

You should write about 100 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)

?一、审题与谋篇

本题要求写一个海报。海报是人们日常生活中极为常见的一种招贴形式,多用于电影、戏曲、比赛、文艺演出等活动。海报中通常要写清楚活动的性质、主办单位、时间、地点等内容。海报的语言要求简明扼要,形式要做到新颖美观。海报的格式,通常有三部分组成,即标题、正文与落款。海报的标题对于海报的宣传极为重要。因此标题的撰写要做到简洁明快,新颖醒目,抓住读者的注意力,海报的标题形式通常有两种:一是直接使用“海报”(Poster)一词;另一种则是根据海报的内容,撰写标题。海报正文是海报的核心部分,它是对海报标题的具体描述。语言要求形象生动,简明扼要。做到既有鼓动性,又不夸大其辞。正文的常见表现形式有:简介说明式,文学描述式,美术设计式。由于考试时间的限制,只有简介说明式可能在考试中出现,应试时把题目要求的内容写清楚即可。

指导语中给出的情景是离校前的一次庭院销售(注:美国人习惯在自家出售旧货故称庭院销售),要求海报的内容应包括:(1)销售的时间、地点;(2)所售物品;(3)你的联系方式。

二、

Yard Sale

As graduation is approaching, we English major seniors are holding a yard sale on campus. Welcome to participate and choose the items you need.

Time: June 1-2, from 10:00 am to 17:00 pm Place: In front of the second dining hall

Items for sale: All types of books (especially in the subject of English language and

http://club.TopSage.com

参考范文

大家学习网

literature), reading lamps, fans, tables, etc., in addition to other everyday necessities.

Contact: For detailed information, contact Li Ming at 01088826667.

We have the largest collection and the lowest prices. Don’t miss the chance to be there. Senior Students of English Department Part B 52. Directions:

Write an essay with the title “Reading Books in Printed Form or on Computer” in which you should

1) analyze the strong points and weak points of each one, and 2) tell your own preference and your reasons.

You should write 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)

一、审题与谋篇

本题是一篇标题加提纲式作文。文章的主题和基本框架在指导语中给出了要求。文章要求以“Reading Books in Printed Form or on Computer(读印刷书还是电子书)”为题(同时也是文章的主题),(一)分析印刷书和电子书的优缺点;(二)说明你自己的喜好及其原因。

二、参考范文

Reading Books in Printed Form or on Computer

The popularization of computer has made it possible to read books on computer. With it, there is much discussion about whether e-books will replace traditional print-on-paper books.

Some people say they like only e-books, which are quicker and more convenient to get and use. To get a needed book, one has to spend much time or money in searching for or buying it in bookstores, but one can just type in the title, author or other related information of the book to find it in minutes on internet. Sometimes one can even read the full content of a digitized book free of charge or instantly discuss about a book in an online forum. Moreover, a lot of information of books can be stored in a small compact disc, which is easy to take.

Other people, however, think printed books are still necessary. In the first place, too much time in front of the computer can cause eyestrain or increase radiation risks. Second, a printed book can be read at your convenience. One can read in bed before sleep or during a boring journey, without fussing with a computer.

In sum, since e-books and printed books have their respective advantages and can complement each other, I would like to combine the two ways to meet different needs. For quick reference, a digitized book will probably be useful. To appreciate a poem or a novel, I prefer the traditional way of reading on printed books.

http://club.TopSage.com


2009年考研英语考试中心6套题第六套附精解答案(6).doc 将本文的Word文档下载到电脑 下载失败或者文档不完整,请联系客服人员解决!

下一篇:天天练1

相关阅读
本类排行
× 注册会员免费下载(下载后可以自由复制和排版)

马上注册会员

注:下载文档有可能“只有目录或者内容不全”等情况,请下载之前注意辨别,如果您已付费且无法下载或内容有问题,请联系我们协助你处理。
微信: QQ: