38．What can students learn in Automotive Services Technology?
A．Security operations. B．Entry-level car services. C．Instruction techniques.
D．Advanced automotive skills.
39．Which of the programs has safety requirements?
A．Business Cooperative Experiences. B．Business Technology Lab.
C．Automotive Services Technology. D．Building Trades Technology. 40．What do the four programs focus on?
A．Practical skills. B．Theoretical study. C．Business planning. D．Management ability.
B
Pre-school children who spend time together take on one another’s personalities, a new research has found. The study shows that environment plays a key role in shaping people’s personalities. While genetics still forms the central part of the human psyche(心 理), the research finds that personality traits(特征)are “contagious”(传染的)among children. “Our finding flies in the face of common assumptions that personality can’t be changed,” said Dr. Jennifer Neal, co-author of the study.
The researchers studied the personalities and social networks of two pre-school classes for a full school year. One of the classes was a set of three-year-olds, and the other a set of four-year-olds. Children whose friends were hard-working or outgoing gradually took on these personality traits over time. Psychology expert Dr. Emily Dublin said kids are having a far bigger effect on each other than people may realize.
The new study is not the first to explore the contagious effects of personality traits. A 2015 psychology study found that rudeness at work can be contagious as it travels from person to person “like a disease”. The study found that seeing a boss being rude to an employee was enough to cause people to be rude to those around them.
The researchers questioned 6,000 people on the social “climate” in their workplaces, which included offices, hotels and restaurants. They found 75 percent of those who took part said they had been treated rudely at least once in the past year. And the study also suggests that merely seeing other people being subjected to rudeness made it more likely
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that a person would treat their colleagues in the same way. Rudeness could include leaving someone off an invite to a company event, sending unkind emails, finding fault with others or failing to give praise.
Dr. Torkelson believes companies need to be more aware of the harm that rudeness in the workplace can do as it can damage the working environment. She said better training could help to fight against the problem.
41．What does the underlined part “flies in the face of” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．Leads to. B．Results from. C．Goes against.
D．Agrees with.
42．According to Paragraph 2, who have the greatest impact on children’s personality?
A．Their parents.
B．Their friends.
C．The researchers. D．The psychologists.
43．Which of the following is considered rude at the workplace?
A．Ignoring the faults of co-workers. B．Not sending emails to workmates. C．Seeking praise from colleagues and bosses.
D．Not inviting a colleague to a company party. 44．What is the passage mainly about?
A．One’s personality is hard to change.
B．One’s personality is shaped by genes.
C．One’s personality traits can spread to others. D．One’s personality traits can change overnight. 45．This passage is most probably taken from . A．a science report B．a study guide C．a school textbook D．a technical journal
C
Debra Avery has been a horse lover since she was a little girl in San Diego. Her family couldn’t afford a horse of its own, so Debra borrowed rides at the local horse-riding center, gaining the confidence only found atop a horse. Years later, Debra remembered
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those early days, and the lessons she learned with the horses at the riding center, and wanted to help other young women get the benefits of connecting with horses. “I always wanted to run a horse program for girls like me,” says Debra. “I wanted to help them gain the courage to be around a horse and to care for a horse.”
One day at the Los Angeles Horse-riding Center, as Debra rode beside fellow rider Judith Hopkins, she mentioned an inheritance(遗产)from her father-in-law and her desire to use it to serve disadvantaged girls. Judith had the same dream—and a name for the organization.
They founded Taking the Reins (TTR) in 1998. The organization serves more than 400 young women per year in after-school, weekend, and summer programs that feature horse riding and care, gardening and even competitive horse showing. Most participants live below the poverty line and often have not had reliable housing for more than six months at a time. Few have previous horse experience.
TTR uses farm and ranch experiences to teach responsibility, leadership, teamwork, and self-confidence. Director Dr. Jane Haven says, “A large number of our girls are somewhat autistic(孤独症的). I can’t count how many of them have found their first social friends thanks to sharing this hobby and activity. Horses bring them out in such a wonderful way.”
Jane also sees members of TTR program excel in school—100 percent of young women involved for four years or more have graduated from high school. Ninety-nine percent of those participants have gone on to attend four-year colleges.
Debra sees a more obvious impact—after a few weeks in the TTR program, the young women sit a little higher in their saddles(马鞍). “There’s just something about sitting up on the back of a horse that gives them a boost of confidence.”
46．Debra’s early life was greatly influenced by . A．her family B．horse riding C．school lessons D．her fellow rider 47．What programs does TTR offer?
A．Horse riding and showing. B．Horse care and farming. C．Pet care and gardening. D．Weekend hiking and camping.
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48．Who was the organization founded for? A．Homeless and lonely women. B．Hard-working school girls. C．Female autistic patients. D．Poor horse-loving girls.
49．In what way has TTR changed its members’ life?
A．They have been given financial aid.
B．They have achieved academic excellence.
C．They have grown into professional horse riders. D．They have been provided with reliable housing. 50．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．TTR is a profit-making organization. B．TTR program lasts a few weeks. C．The girls’ confidence grows quickly. D．The girls can ride taller horses.
D
The pace of today’s working life blurs(使模糊)the line between personal time and work time, and it increasingly mixes personal lifestyle and work style. And as companies are trying hard to attract and keep young people for their technical skills and enthusiasm for change, office culture is becoming an extension of youth culture. This may be no bad thing. For most of human history the middle-aged have ruled, but in the future, they will have to share power with fresh-faced youths.
There have been a number of reasons for this change and the most dramatic of these is technology. Children have always been more expert than their parents at something, but usually a game or a fashion, not the century’s most important business tool. The Internet has started the first industrial revolution in history to be led by the young. Though there have been youth revolutions before, none of them made a big change the way the Internet has. Throughout the 20th century, if a young person wanted to enter an American company they needed to leave their youth behind. They got a haircut, and probably a suit or at least a tie. Now the same hair, same clothes, even nearly the same hours apply to office and home.
If it had not been for the Internet, this change could not have happened. However, it did not happen because of the Internet only; the corporate restructurings(公司重组)of the 1980s and 90s broke down traditional hierarchies( 等 级制度 ). In many companies, seniority-based(基于资历的 )hierarchies have been replaced by hierarchies based on performance. The abilities to please your superiors are no longer the most valued skills.
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Today’s employees stay with companies only as long as they feel challenged and rewarded; moving from job to job is now a sign of ambition.
The rise of the young is a good thing, because it gives them more opportunity to put their ideas and energy into practice at their most creative stage in life. Nowadays youth and youth qualities seem to dominate, but the experience and maturity of older employees should be put to good use, too.
51．A company tries to attract young people for their .
A．office culture B．modern lifestyle C．changing attitude D．technical abilities
52．In the 20th century, to enter an American company, a young person needed to A．work in the office and at home B．have an eye-catching hairstyle C．dress in the business style D．leave the business tool behind
53．According to Paragraph 3, company hierarchies are based on the employees’ A．achievements B．age and experience C．skills with the Internet D．ability to please the boss
54．Why is the rise of the young a good thing?
A．They become more energetic in life. B．They have taken over the companies. C．Their creativity can be put to good use. D．Their ideas appeal to a great many people. 55．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Young people will lead in fashion. B．Young people will have more power. C．Older people will step off the historical stage.
D．Older people will continue to be the main force.
. .
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