SR-4 大木桥英语组
give it more importance. Also determine your preference with supporting logic. Ultimately it is your understanding of the book, and it can differ from others' viewpoint. But you should stick to your opinion.
Follow a proper format to construct your book review. It should have a proper introduction and a conclusion, other than the usual subject body. Distribute the subject body in chapters and a paragraphs, to give a nice, structured look. Also, add a list of reference material at the end of the book. A structured material always carries a good impression and also, it helps the reader to go through the article at ease.
Top 3 don’ts
Book reviews are not exactly meant for writing a summary on the books. The objective of writing a book review is to arouse the curiosity in the mind of the readers. If someone mentions everything in the summary then the actual intention is lost.
As mentioned earlier, one should not cross your limit to write a literary review. Do not bring up unnecessary topics to increase the length of the write-up, which is not at all related to the book. The readers want to learn about the book and not something irrelevant. Also, a smart and crisp writing helps to create a positive impression.
You can go through reference books or articles on your subject, before you start preparing your article. But that should be completely with the intention of getting help in your understanding of the book. Theses reference items will help to strengthen your grip on the subject. But, you should never copy a single line of text from any other document or write-up. Plagiarism(剽窃), in any form, is a punishable offence by law. It will also destroy your reputation and close all the future avenues in this field.
If you can follow the above dos and don?ts religiously to write a book review, then it is going to be more original and interesting.
70. Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word “assimilate” in paragraph 2?
A.simulate B.fertilize C.digest D.enhance 71. The purpose of writing a summary on a book is _____________.
A.to show your understanding of the thoughts and philosophy of the author behind the book. B.to show that you really stick to your own opinion though you?ve read the book C.to arouse readers? curiosity to read more books on irrelevant topics D.to spark readers? interests in finding the book and reading it 72. Which of the following is NOT true about the “dos”?
A. Before writing a book review, you?d better read it thoroughly or many times. B. Write down your literary analysis when reading the book.
C. If you are interested in certain situation in the book, you can hardly give it too much importance in your review.
D. A good review consists of a proper introduction and a conclusion, as well as a nice-structured subject body.
73. The following statements are “don’ts” when writing a summary except________.
A.going through reference books or articles on you subject, before you start preparing your article. B.presenting all the detailed description of the book in the summary
C.the thought or action of putting anything irrelevant to the book into the summary D.any forms of copying the text from others? written work
SR-4 大木桥英语组
(C)
The orangutan(红毛猩猩），the most inactive of the great apes, has usually stable DNA, too. Researchers have just completed the sequencing(序列) of the entire genome(基因组) of our orange-haired relative, and they have found to their surprises that its DNA has changed much less dramatically over time than has that of humans or chimpanzees. “the orangutan is very unique,” says Devin Locke, a structural geneticist heading the orangutan sequencing project.
The orangutan genome had one other big surprise. Locke and colleagues sequenced six Sumatran and five Bomean orangutans, which are classified as different species. The apes have been physically separated for at least 21000years----the last time land bridges between the two islands existed---and earlier that they became distinct species more than 1 million years ago. But the new analysis, reported online today in nature, rewrites history:it appears they parted away just 400000years ago. “ most previous studies used small sets of markers and a limited amount of DNA sequence,” says Locke. “ the statistical power is so much greater when you have the whole genome available.”
The orangutan now joins chimpanzees and humans as the third great ape to have its genome sequenced. “the orangutan genome is a wonderful resource,” says evolutionary geneticist Svante Paabo of the Max Plank Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. “it will help clarity how each part of human and African ape genomes are related to each other and evolved.”
Such insights are already coming in. Orangutans originated some 12 million to 16 million years ago, giving their genomes much more time to evolve than those of humans and chimpanzees, which split into their own lineages(血统)5 million to 6million years ago. But a comparison of the three genomes shows that humans and chimpanzees lose or gain new genes at twice the rate of orangutans.
The reason may have to do with stretches of DNA called retrotransposons. These key drivers of evolution jump around the genome, creating new genes, damaging existing ones, or altering gene regulation. The new data reveal that common retrotransposons known as Alu elements have moved around the orangutan genome much less than they have in the human and chimpanzees genomes. “I don?t want to say that?Alu retrotransposition events? are shut off in orangutans, but they?ve been covered up,”says Locke.
The researchers also discovered that, over time, the structure of orangutan chromosomes(染色体)has changed little, which may be linked to the Alu element finding. Other researchers have suggested that the strong and healthy structural variation in humans and chimps may have stimulated increased intelligence. But Locke notes that orangutans are also highly intelligent. “if orangutans have had very little structural variation, maybe this decouples structural variation from intelligence,”he says.
A separate bur related study published today in Genome Research reports yet another unexpected finding from a comparison of the three great ape genomes. A team led by Mikkel H S chierup and Thomas Mailund of Aarhus University in Denmark(both coauthors of the nature report)discovered that some regions of the human genome more closely resemble the orangutan than the chimpanzee. This reflects the fact that at the time humans split off from a common ancestor with chimps, both species had the same ancestral orangutans DNA. But humans and
SR-4 大木桥英语组
chimpanzees have evolved separately for millions of years. In the process, chimps for mysterious reasons lost some orangutan DNA that humans kept possession of.
More surprises are sure to come as researchers compare the genomes of even more apes. Projects to sequence the other two great apes, gorillas and bonobos, are under way.
74. Orangutans form two islands, Sumatran and Bornean, became different species since-----. A. At least 21,000 years ago B. Over 1 million years ago C.some 12 million to 16million years ago D.400,000years ago 75.which of the following statements is true according to this passage?
A. Compared with the DNA of orangutan, chimpanzee?s is less changed over time. B. Only three apes? genomes have been sequenced up to now.
C. Human?s ancestors stepped on their way of evolution 12 to 16 millions years ago D. Chimpanzees gain new genes faster than orangutans do in evolution. 76.the reason of orangutan?s little change in DNA is that------.
A.this species is not as active in intelligence as humans or chimpanzees. B.the newly identified Alu elements is believed to have played a special role. C.Alu retrotransposons in orangutan are shut off during the course of evolution. D.orangutan?s low intelligence fails to stimulate the change of its DNA.
77.some region of human genome is more similar to that of orangutan than chimp?s because----. A. Human and orangutan share the same ancestor, but chimp doesn?t B.humans and chimpanzees have evolved separately for millions of years
C.chimps failed to hang on orangutan DNA for some unknown reason, but human didn?t
D.chimps didn?t act as actively as humans, resulting in their losing some critical orangutan DNA
Section C
Directions: read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
Technology means different things to different people. A physician might think of technology as a way to produce a new medicine. To a space engineer, it might mean making better rocket engine. Technology is so widespread that it is part of everyone?s life. Originally, the word technology comes from the Greek word techne, which means “art”. You might think that art means only paintings or sculpture. But the Greeks believed an artist could make useful products from natural materials such a trees, rocks, and plants.
What school subjects are related to technology?
Though people?s opinions vary on what groups of technology should be broken down to, you, when in school, may have the question: why should you study technology? That question is easy to answer. Technology is fun, rewarding, and exciting. It is fun because you get to work with your hands, it is rewarding because you get to see the results of your work. Each day it brings new ideas and new challenges, which make technology exciting. Studying technology will also help you develop your problem-solving skills. You can learn to identify a problem and come up with a solution. You will also find that technology is related to other subjects that you study in school such as: Mathematics
SR-4 大木桥英语组
Science
Social studies
English language arts Art
You might enjoy all of your classes more after you begin to see the relationship between technology and other subjects.
Do you know what”technologically literate” means?
Technology is often in the news. A journalist might report on a particular electrical power plant, a food additive, or a safety device on an automobile. It is important that you understand the importance of technology. Every day in many ways, technology affects the lives of people around the world.for example, automobile air bags have saved many lives in collisions. However, they inflate so quickly that they have caused injury and death in some cases. As a result, the federal government should let people do this? To answer this question, you first need to know something about the technology being discussed.
Does working on a small engine sound difficult to you?with a basic understanding of technology, it might not be as hard as you think. Being technologically literate means understanding technology and feeling comfortable with it. Sometimes there is no one correct answer to a problem. You need to think about and evaluate each situation, and then make a decision. When you can do this, you will be technologically literate.
78.What can the title of the first paragraph be to match the other two?
79.You can have____,since when studying technology, every day you work with your hands, see the results of your work, and have new ideas and new challenges. 80.why are car owners allowed to switch off their air bags? 81.A technological literate can be a person who______
(note: answer the questions or complete the statements in No More Than Fifteen words)
第II卷（47分）
I. Translation
Directions: translate the following sentence into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1.众所周知，大量砍树对自然平衡有灾难性的影响。）（As)
2.她的父母忙于工作，因此她在年幼时就学会了照顾自己。(age) 3.这部滑稽的电影的确分散了我注意力，让我暂时忘记了这些难题。（which) 4.考官在面试时问了他很多问题，为的是了解他是否能胜任科学研究工作。（in order to) 5.正因为是他被任命为经理，该公司在过去的六年中迅速发展为广告业巨头。(It)
II.Guided Writing
Directions:write en English composition in 120-150words according to the instruction given below in Chinese.
假设今年暑假，你准备去某地做一次故地重游的旅行，并准备带上你的朋友们一起去。请写一篇文章介绍你的旅行计划，主要包括以下内容： ●准备去什么地方 ●故地重游的原因
SR-4 大木桥英语组
●本次计划如何开展 ●希望做些什么准备 ● ..............................
参考答案：
25.as/when 26.less likely 27.the 28.have accomplished 29.what 30.could/can 31.until/if 32.yourself/yourselves/ourselves
33.to investigate 34.having endured 35.who 36.fallen 37.helping 38.were lost 39.whether 40.like 41-50 IKAEC HBDJG
51-65 BADBA DBCAD CCABC
66-69 DAAB 70-73 CDBA 74-77DBBC
78. WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD TECHNOLODY? 79. Fun,reward(s),excitement
80. Because airbags inflate so quickly that they have caused injury and death in some cases 81. Understands technology and feels comfortable with technology
1. As we all know/as is known to all, cutting down a large number of trees has disastrous effects on the balance of nature.
2. Her parents were busy with work, so she leaned to take care of herself at an early age.
3. This funny movie did distract my attention so that I forgot these tough problems for the time being.
4. He was asked many questions by the interviewer during the interview in order to see if/whether he was capable of doing scientific research.
5. It was because he was appointed as manager that the company has developed into a giant in the advertising business.