上），都拥有比人类数量更多的G蛋白偶联受体。[7]
In the signal transduction pathways, the upper reaches of heterotrimeric G protein is a class with seven trans membrane region of the receptor protein,they are G protein coupled receptors. These proteins across cell boundaries --on the side of cell membrane, the signal can be in contact with the outsideworld, one can and the cell's internal material occur, they are extracellularinformation into the bridge within the cell. [1] in many organisms, the three subunits of heterotrimeric G protein has many different forms, so the numberof different combinations of variety, accordingly, these organisms are also a large number of G protein coupled receptor different. Throughout the human genome, we have at least 907 G protein coupled receptors, [5] and the number is always changing, the present data are 1000 upper and lower [6] -this number is equivalent to all 5% human protein coding genes. This number is not surprising, after all, in the animal model of several common, simple asCaenorhabditis elegans (more than 1149), complex such as mice (more than 1318), more than the number of human G protein coupled receptors. [7] 虽然这些微小的蛋白质看不见摸不着，但是它们与我们的日常生活息息相关，如果没有G蛋白偶联受体，人类根本无法生存下去。如果没有视紫质，我们将看不见光线；如果没有嗅觉受体，我们将闻不见气味；如果没有β-肾上腺素受体，我们将无法调节血糖；如果没有毒蕈碱受体，乙酰胆碱将无法将心跳速度限定在合理范围内；如果没有5-羟色胺受体，我们甚至无法感受幸福??[3]
Although these small proteins are invisible and untouchable, but they and our daily life are closely related, if there is no G protein coupled receptors,humanity cannot survive. If there is no rhodopsin, we will not see the light; if there is no olfactory receptors, we don't smell smell; if no beta adrenergic receptor, we will be unable to regulate blood sugar; if there is no muscarinic receptor, acetylcholine cannot be heart rate defined in the reasonable range;If there is no 5- serotonin receptor, we even cannot feel happy...... [3]
本届诺贝尔奖得主莱夫科维茨是从上个世纪60年代末起开始相关研究的，当时研究的内容是促肾上腺皮质激素。在成功分离得到了这种重要激素的受体，并成功地解析了它的作用机制十余年之后，他所带领的研究团队第一次克隆到了编码这个受体的基因。在80年代初，克隆一个基因犹如大海捞针，而莱夫科维茨招收的博士后——也就是本届诺贝尔奖的另一位得主——科比尔卡做到了。这个基因的克隆是将他们推上诺贝尔奖得主宝座的关键，因为他们很快发现这种受体的结构与之前发现的光受体视紫质有些许类似
The Nobel award winner Lefkowitz is from the last century 60's began torelated research, then the research content is adrenocorticotropic hormone.Got this important hormone receptors in the successful separation, and aftersuccessfully analyzed its mechanism of action of more than ten years, the research team he led the first cloned encoding this receptor gene. In the early 80's, the cloning of a gene is like looking for a needle in a haystack, andanother winner postdoctoral Lefkowitz recruit -- that is the Nobel prize -Kebierka do. Cloning of the gene would be the key they pushed the Nobelprize winner of the throne, as they soon discovered that the structure of thereceptor and before the discovery of light by stereological porphyrin somewhatsimilar
“这两种感受完全不同类型的刺激受体会不会是有联系的？”他们灵光一闪的念头使得G蛋白偶联受体家族被建立起来，因为他们知道肾上腺皮质激素受体与光受体结构类似，且都与G蛋白相互作用，当时人们所知道的类似的受体还有三十多个——这些受体拥有相似的，埋藏在细胞膜内的跨膜区域，但是暴露在细胞内与细胞外的部分千差万别。[2]
\related?\They flash idea makes the G protein coupled receptor family is established, because they know the similar glucocorticoid receptor and the light receptor structure, and interacts with G, the people know that at the time of the similar receptors have a 30 - these receptors havesimilar, buried in the transmembrane region within the cell membrane. But the exposed part vary widely in intracellular and extracellular. [2]
这个家族的建立大大推动了人类对细胞信号转导途径的认识。之后的二十多年里，随着生物学的发展日新月异，人们对这条途径的理解已经十分深刻，而且也被广泛应用。很多人类疾病与G蛋白偶联受体相关，因此它是制药行业重点研究的对象。据统计，在所有现代药物中，有40%以上是以G蛋白偶联受体作为靶点的。 [8] 其中著名的药物包括奥氮平、氯雷他定、雷尼替丁、替加色罗等等。
The establishment of the family greatly contributed to our understanding of the cell signal transduction pathway. After more than 20 years, with the development of biology with each passing day, the people understanding tothis approach has been very profound, but also widely used. Many humandiseases and G protein coupled receptor associated, so it is the research object of the focus of the pharmaceutical industry. According to statistics, in all modern medicine, there are more than 40% to the G protein coupled receptoras a target. [8] one well-known drugs including olanzapine, loratadine, Rene Titi, tegaserod etc..
科比尔卡2011年在此领域又取得了另一项重大突破：他和他的研究团队通过X射线晶体衍射的手段解出了β-肾上腺素受体被激素激活、向细胞发送信号时的结构——这是几十年来
肾上腺皮质激素受体研究的又一重要成果，一方面为为G蛋白偶联受体信号转导途径的作用机制提供了最直接的实验证据，一方面也为将来的研究提供了更多值得参考的细节。 Kebierka 2011 in this field and achieved another major breakthrough: he and his research team by X ray diffraction method solved the beta adrenergic receptor was structure hormone activated, sends a signal into the cell when -this is another important achievement of decades of adrenal cortical hormonereceptor studies, hand. To provide the most direct experimental evidence for the mechanism of G protein coupled receptor signal transduction pathway,offers a more details worth reference for future research.
G蛋白偶联受体（蓝色）、三聚体G蛋白（红色）与激素（黄色）结合时的晶体结构。[6]
一项前后进行了43年的杰出研究最终获得了诺贝尔奖，功夫不负有心人。科学，是值得奉献一生的事业。