00015英语二 打印版 - 图文(2)

2019-03-10 14:02

无章;3.(猫狗等)一窝(仔畜);4.[总称]乱丢的东西(尤指废纸等杂物);vt.1.为(动物)铺草;2.(多产动物)产(仔);3.乱丢

refine[ri‘fain]vt.1.提纯,精制;2.使精美,使改进;vt.1.精炼,提纯;2.变优雅

regeneration[ri`d?en?‘rei??n]n.新生,再生,复兴

paralyse[‘p?r?laiz]vt.1.使麻痹,使瘫痪;2.使无力,使气馁

regrow[ri:‘gr?u]vt.再生长,重新生长

reproduce[`ri:pr?‘dju:s]vt.1.繁殖;2.再生产,再生长(器官);3.复制;4.再现,重现 sacrifice to向??献祭;为??而牺牲;为??而失去 do research into进行??的研究 be central to对??极为重要的 do experiment on用??做实验 be irrelevant to与??不相干;不切题 test on对??进行试验 aim for瞄准;以??为目标 pet[pet]n.宠物,爱畜;a.宠爱的,表示亲昵的 delightful[di‘laitful]a.令人高兴的;讨人喜欢的 humanity[hju(:)‘m?niti]n.1.人性,博爱,仁慈;2.人类 negative[‘neg?tiv]a.1.否定的,否认的;2.反面的,消极的;3.[数]负的,[电]阴性的;n.1.负片,底片;2.负数 remark[ri‘mɑ:k]vt.说,评论;vi.评论,议论(on);n.评论,看法 touching[‘t?t?i?]a.动人的,使人感伤的 going[‘g?ui?]n.进行状况;a.进行中的;现行的 coming[‘k?mi?]a.正在到来的,即将来到的;n.来到,到达 literal[‘lit?r?l]a.1.精确的,如实的;2.逐字的,字面的 grant[grɑ:nt]vt.同意;准予;n.1.同意,授予;2.拨款

contented[k?n‘tentid]a.满足的,满意的

serene[si‘ri:n]a.安详的;宁静的

contemplate[‘k?ntempleit]vt.1.注视,凝视;2.沉思

plea[pli:]n.1.请求,恳求;2.托词

devotion[di‘v?u??n]n.献身,忠诚

ownership[‘?un??ip]n.1.拥有;2.所有权,所有制

imperative[im‘per?tiv]a.1.绝对必要的,迫切的;2.命令,强制的;3.[语]祈使的

stricken[‘strik?n]I.strike的过去分词II.a.1.被打中的,被击伤的;2.(常用以构成复合词)受灾的,受侵袭的

relief[ri‘li:f]n.1.(痛苦,压迫等)减轻,宽慰;2.救济 donation[d?u‘nei??n]n.捐献;赠送

afflict[?‘flikt]vt.使苦恼,折磨

deprive[di‘praiv]vt.夺去,剥夺;使失去(of)

individualistic[`indi`vidju?‘listik]a.个人主义(者)的 prevail[pri‘veil]vi.1.胜过(over,against);2.流行,盛行

starvation[stɑ:‘vei??n]n.饥饿;饿死 kwashiorkor[`kw??i‘?:k?:]n.[医]恶性营养不良症 deficiency[di‘fi??nsi]n.缺乏,不足 starve[stɑ:v]vi.1.饿死;2.挨饿;3.极需,渴望(for);vt.使饿死;使挨饿 sustain[s?s‘tein]vt.1.支撑,承受住;2.供养,维持 unreasonable[?n‘ri:zn?bl]a.1.不讲道理的,非理智的;2.不合情理的,过度的 bring out 1.使显现,显示;2生产,使产生 attach??to使??与??相关,把??附加到 goings and comings 1.来往;2.活动,发生的事 take??for granted 1.认为真实;2.视为当然 at ease自在的,舒适的 plea for恳求;请求 not that??并不是说 not(never)for a moment决不;从不 break in on(upon)1.打扰;2.打断,闯进 feel bitter at对??怀恨 seize hold of 1.抓住;2.占有 daydream[‘deidri:m]vi./n.白日做梦 symptom[‘simpt?m]n.症状,征兆 habitual[h?‘bitju?l]a.1.习惯性的,习以为常的;2.惯常的,已成规则的

maladjustment[m?l?‘d??stm?nt]n.1.失调;2.不适应环境 compensatory[k?m‘pens?t?ri]a.赔偿,补偿的

equilibrium[`i:kwi‘libri?m]n.1.平衡,均衡,平均,相称;2.均势;3.(心情的)平静;4.(判断上的)不偏不倚

intellectual[`inti‘lektju?l]n.知识分子;a.智力的,理智的

detail[‘di:teil]n.细节,详情;vt.详述,详细说明

enhance[in‘hɑ:ns]vt.提高;

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增强

spur[sp?:]vt.1.用催马刺催促(马);2.激励,鞭策;n.1.踢马刺;2.刺激(物),激励,鼓舞

initial[i‘ni??l]a.1.最初的,开始的;2.词首的;n.首字母 inventor[in‘vent?]n.发明者,创造者

waylay[wei‘lei]vt.伏击;拦住??问讯

muse[mju:z]v./n.沉思,冥想 confront[k?n‘fr?nt]vt.1.面对,遭遇;2.正视,对抗

painter[‘peint?]n.漆工;画家

sensitivity[`sensi‘tiviti]n.敏感性;灵敏度

inner[‘in?]a.1.内部的,里面的;2.思想的,精神的;n.内部;里面 reflection[ri‘flek??n]n.1.反射,反映,映像;2.深思,考虑 creativity[`kri:ei‘tiviti]n.创造性 effortless[‘ef?tlis]a.1.不作努力的;2.不费力的,容易的 dreamlike[‘dri:mlaik]a.梦一般的,梦幻的 surrounding[s?‘raundi?]n.[pl.]周围的事物;环境;a.周围的 character[‘k?rikt?]n.1.性格,品质;2.特性,特征;3.人物,角色;4.(书写或印刷)符号,(汉)字 thinker[‘θi?k?]n.思想家;思考者 steadily[‘stedili]ad.稳固地;稳定地 vividly[‘vividli]ad.鲜明地;生动地 drift[drift]n.1.漂流;2.趋势,倾向;vi.漂流;漂泊;vt.使漂流 trace[treis]n.1.痕迹,踪迹;2.微量,少许;vt.跟踪,查找 undisturbed[‘?ndis‘t?:bd]a.不受干扰的;宁静的 tune[tju:n]n.1.曲调,曲子;2.和谐,协调;vt.1.为(乐器)调音;2.和谐,调节

midst[midst]n.中间,当中;prep.(=amidst)在??当中 impoverished[im‘p?v?ri?t]a.贫困的,赤贫的

well-being[wel‘bi:i?]n.1.健康;2.福利,幸福

modest[‘m?dist]a.1.谦虚的,谦恭的;2.适中的,不过分的 investment[in‘vestm?nt]n.投资;(时间,精力的)投入 excitement[ik‘saitm?nt]n.刺激;兴奋

to excess过分,过度,过量 substitute??for用??代替??

be contrary to与??相反

in reality实际上,事实上 put off 1.延期;2.消除;3.阻碍

let go of放手;放开 be confronted with面临,面对 draw on 1.用做,依靠;2.临近 gaze at凝视,注视

be unaware of不知道??,没觉察到??

dream of梦见;梦想

in one‘s mind‘s eye在脑海里

at sea 1.在海上,在航海中;2.迷惑,茫然

go over 1.越过,渡过;2.仔细检查

impress??on使??铭记,牢记

be free from没有??的;不受??的 put aside 1.放在一边,撇开;2.储存 be beneficial to对??有益 add up to 1.总和是;2.[口]总起来意味着 perchance[p?‘t?ɑ:ns]ad.[古]1.偶然,意外地;2.可能,或许 miserable[‘miz?r?bl]a.悲惨的;可怜的 far-fetched[‘fɑ:‘fet?t]a.1.牵强的;2.未必会的,靠不住的 veteran[‘vet?r?n]n.1.老兵,老手;2.[美]退伍军人;a.老练的;经验丰富的 administration[?d`minis‘trei??n]n.1.管理,经营;2.行政,行政机关 sleepy[‘sli:pi]a.困倦的,嗜睡的 link[li?k]n.环节,联系;vt.用环连接;联系 elude[i‘lju:d]vt.(巧妙地)逃避,躲避 respectively[ris‘pektivli]ad.各自地,分别地 definitive[di‘finitiv]a.1.决定的,确定的;2.限定的,明确的 evolve[i‘v?lv]vt.1.使发展,使形成,制定;2.引申出,推论;vi.进展;2.进化 differ[‘dif?]vi.1.不同,相异(from);2.与??意见不同(from,with)

surprisingly[s?‘praizi?li]ad.惊人地;出乎意料地 namely[‘neimli]ad.即,也就是

plus[pl?s]prep.加,加上;a.1.正的;2.附加的

acronym[‘?kr?nim]n.首字母缩略词

eyeball[‘aib?:l]n.眼球 correlation[`k?ri‘lei??n]n.相互关系,关联

physiology[`fizi‘?l?d?i]n.生理学

unhappy[?n‘h?pi]n.1.不快乐的,愁苦的;2.不幸的

dreamer[‘dri:m?]n.1.做梦的;2.空想家

volunteer[`v?l?n‘ti?]n.志愿者;志愿兵;a.志愿的;vi.志愿

identity[ai‘dentiti]n.1.同一,一致;2.身份,本体

primarily[‘praim?rili]ad.1.首先,起初;2.首要地,主要地 merry[‘meri]a.欢乐的,愉快的

psychology[sai‘k?l?d?i]n.1.心理学;2.心理

location[l?u‘kei??n]n.1.定位,测位;2.位置,场所

reinforce[`ri:in‘f?:s]vt.1.增援,支援;2.加强,增加;3.进一步证实

influence on对??的影响 break into分成(部分) check into调查 compel[k?m‘pel]vt.强迫(to) rightly[‘raitli]ad.1公正地,正当地;2.合适地,恰当地 laborer[‘leib?r?]n.劳动者;工人 antithesis[?n‘tiθisis]n.1.对偶,(修辞学)对句;2.对立,对立面 voluntary[‘v?l?nt?ri]a.1.自愿的,志愿的;2.自发的 undertake[`?nd?‘teik]vt.1.着手做,进行;2.承担,从事,进行;3.承担,答应(to) coincide[k?uin‘said]vi.一致,相符(with) manual[‘m?nju?l]a.1.手的,用手(操作)的;2.体力的;n.手册 cobbler[‘k?bl?]n.补鞋匠 clerk[klɑ:k]n.1.办事员,公务员;2.(美)店员 efficiently[i‘fi??ntli]ad.效率高的;有能力地 coronary[‘k?r?n?ri]a.冠的;冠状的;n.1.冠状动脉;2.冠状动脉血栓形成 compulsion[k?m‘p?l??n]n.强制,强迫 division[di‘vi??n]n.1.分开,分割;2.分工;3.除(法);4.部门,(机关的)科,处 eliminate[i‘limineit]vt.排除,消灭

formerly[‘f?:m?li]ad.以前,从前

enjoyable[in‘d??ibl]a.愉快的;快乐的;有趣的

boring[‘b?:ri?]a.令人厌烦的 aristocracy[`?ris‘t?kr?si]n.1.贵族统治;2.贵族 ritualize[‘ritju?laiz]vt./vi.(行为模式)仪式化

grouse[graus]n.松鸡 unchanging[?n‘t?eind?i?]a.不变的

aristocratic[`?rist?‘kr?tik]a.贵族的;贵族式的

amusement[?‘mju:zm?nt]n.娱乐,消遣

gamble[‘g?mbl]vi./vt.1.赌博,打赌(on);2.投机,冒险;n.1.赌博;2.投机,冒险

duel[‘dju(:)?l]n./vi.1决斗;2.(双方的)斗争

warfare[‘w?:f??]n.1.战争,作战,交战;2.斗争,竞争

aptly[‘?ptli]ad.1.恰当地,贴切地;2.灵巧地

phrase[freiz]n.1.短语,词语;2.习惯用语 so far as??knows就某人所知 of??value有??价值

of??importance有??重要性

in the strict sense在严格的意义上 of??interest有??兴趣 coincide with相符,一致 attitude toward(s)对??的态度;意见 at a guess凭猜测 go in for 1.参加,从事;2.以??为兴趣,爱好 get(sink)one‘s teeth into 1.死死咬住,紧紧抓住;2.认真对待,决心解决,全神贯注于 workman[‘w?:km?n]n.工人,劳动者 tighten[‘taitn]vt./vi.(使)变紧;拧紧 infinitely[‘infinitli]ad.无限地,无穷地 varied[‘v??rid]a.1.各种各样的;2.杂色的,斑斓的 subtle[‘s?tl]a.1.精巧的,精妙的;2.微妙的,难以捉摸的 cadre[‘kɑ:dr]n.干部;基干 curtail[k?:‘teil]vt.1.截短,缩短(讲话,假期,节目等);2.削减(经费等) subtly[‘s?tli]ad.1.精巧地,精妙地;2.微妙地,难以捉摸地 excessive[ik‘sesiv]a.过多的,过分的 competition[`k?mpi‘ti??n]n.1.竞争;2.比赛 slack[sl?k]a.1.懒散的,清闲的,松弛的;2.行动迟缓的,有气无力的;vi.减慢,松懈;n.1.清闲;2.淡季,不活跃时期 longshoreman[‘l????:m?n]n.码头装卸工人

cargo[‘kɑ:g?u]n.船货,货物 toss[t?s]vt.1.抛,掷;2.使摇摆,使动荡;vi.1.摇摆,颠簸;2.翻来覆去

coin[k?in]n.硬币,钱币;vt.创造(新词)

vengeance[‘vend??ns]n.报仇,报复

outrage[‘autreid?]n.1.暴行,不法行为;2.愤慨;vt.1.对??施暴;2.激怒

vain[vein]a.徒劳的

hell[hel]n.1.地狱,阴间;2.(非正式)用以咒骂或表示愤

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怒,不满

white-collar[‘wait‘k?l?]a.白领阶层的,从事脑力劳动的 encounter[in‘kaunt?]v.1.遭遇,遇到;2.意外地遇到(朋友等);n.1.遭遇,冲突;2.偶然相见

series[‘si?ri:z]n.[单复同形]1.一系列,连续;2.丛书,套,辑,组;3.[电]串联 assembly[?‘sembli]n.1.集合;2.集会,[总称]与会者;3.装配,组装

clipboard[‘klipb?:d]n.带弹簧夹子的书写板

stopwatch[‘st?pw?:t?]n.(赛跑用的)跑表;vt.用秒表测定时间

disapproval[`dis?‘pru:v?l]n.不赞成;不许可 studied[‘st?did]a.1.深思熟虑的;2.故意的,蓄意的 discredit[dis‘kredit]vt.1.败坏??的名声;2.使不可置信;n.1.丧失信义;2.不信,怀疑 response[ris‘p?ns]n.1.作答,回答;2.响应,反应 year in and year out一年一年地,年复一年 in large measure很;大半;大部分 take??easy轻松一点;勿太紧张 on and off(off and on)1.不时;2.断断续续地,间歇地 put an end to结束或废除某事务 do one‘s best尽全力;尽量 expect sth.of sb.对某人报有某种期望 to do with 1.处理;2.忍受 in return作为回报 do without 1.没有??也行;2.将就,设法应付过去 have an edge具有优势 so long as假如;只要 keep up 1.赶上,不落后;2.振作,使不落后;3.遵守;4.继续,保持 cut down on减少对??之消耗量 apply oneself致力于,努力 play into sb.‘s hands为某人谋方便;有利于某人 at present现在;目前

toss a coin掷硬币(以猜其正反面);(与某人)掷硬币以做出决定

with a vengeance 1.猛烈地;2.过度地

on occasion有时,间或

in vain无效地;无结果地;徒然

go to hell见鬼去(骂人用法) rob sb.of sth抢某人之财物 in series串联电路的;成串联的 with a view towards(to)以??

为目的

take a free ride免费搭车 How come??怎么会??? shocking[‘??ki?]n.令人震惊的,骇人听闻的

miniature[‘minj?t??]n.缩样,小型物;a.微型的,小型的 device[di‘vais]n.1.装置,器械;2.方法,手段 capture[‘k?pt??]vt.1.捕获;2.夺得,占领;3.用(照片、录音带)留存;n.1.捕获,夺得;2.捕获物

microcassette[‘maikr?uk?‘set]n.微型卡式录音带

allege[?‘led?]vt.1.断言,宣称;2.作为(事实,借口,理由,辩解等)提出 compassion[k?m‘p???n]n.同情;怜悯(for) grab[gr?b]vt./n.攫取;抓取;vi.攫取;抓住(at) jaw[d??:]n.颔,颚 attacker[?‘t?kt?]n.攻击者 activate[‘?ktiveit]vt.使活动,使起作用 recorder[ri‘k?:d?]n.1.记录者;2.录音机 prosecutor[‘pr?sikju:t?]n.1.起诉人;2.检察官,公诉人 belonging[bi‘l??i?]n.[常pl.]所有物;行李 hysterical[his‘terik?l]a.1.癔病的,歇斯底里的;2.患癔病的 threatening[‘θretni?]a.威胁(性)的,凶兆的 persistently[p?(:)‘sist?ntli]ad.坚持地;固执地 convince[k?n‘vins]vt.(to)(of)1.使确认,使信服;2.使认识错误(或罪行) excerpt[‘eks?:pt]n.摘录,节录;vt.摘;引用 beloved[bi‘l?vd]a.1.[用作表语]为??所爱的;2.[用作定语]亲爱的;n.心爱的人,爱人 foster[‘f?st?]vt.1.鼓励,促进;2.养育,抚养;3.报(希望等);a.收养的 persuasion[p?(:)‘swei??n]n.说服,劝服 avail[?‘veil]vt./vi.有利,有助;n.好处,用处

hiker[‘haik?]n.徒步旅行者 smother[‘sm?e?]vt.1.使窒息,把??闷死;2.忍住,抑制(感情等);vi.窒息,闷死;n.1.浓烟,浓雾;2.窒息

suspect[‘s?spekt,s?s‘pekt]vt./vi.疑有;推测;n.嫌疑犯,可疑分子

county[‘kaunti]n.1.(英国)郡;2.县

profound[pr?‘faund]a.深刻的,深奥的

juvenile[‘d?u:vinail]a.青少年的;n.青少年

materialism[m?‘ti?ri?liz?

m]n.1.[哲]唯物主义,唯物论2.实利主义,物质至上

solicit[s?‘lisit]vt.请求;恳求

p.a.system有线广播系统,扩音系统

merchant[‘m?:t??nt]n.商人 heartbreaking[‘hɑ:tbreiki?]a.使人心碎的

resonance[‘rez?n?ns]n.1.回声,反响;2.共振,共鸣

convince sb.to do sth说服某人做某事 on one‘s head归罪于某人,(责任)落到某人身上 to(of)no avail完全无用,毫无效果

comment on对??评论 wrath[r?:θ]n.愤怒,愤慨 apartheid[?‘pɑ:theit]n.种族隔离,种族隔离法 repressive[ri‘presiv]a.镇压的;抑制的 divisive[di‘vaisiv]a.造成不和的,制造分裂的 queue[kju:]n.1.辫子;2.列队;vi.排队(for) restriction[ris‘trik??n]n.限制;约束 subversive[s?b‘v?:siv]a.颠覆性的;起破坏作用的 sportsman[‘sp?:tsm?n]n.爱好运动的人;运动员 singer[‘si??]n.歌唱家,歌手 actor[‘?kt?]n.男演员 illegal[i‘li:g?l]a.非法的;违规的 chess[t?es]n.国际象棋 barrier[‘b?ri?]n.障碍,障碍物 poet[‘p?uit]n.诗人 incapable[in‘keip?bl]a.无能力的;不能的(of) truthfully[‘tru:θfuli]ad.说真话的,如实地 blindness[‘blaindnis]n.1.无视,视而不见;2.盲目性 ban[b?n]vt.禁止,取缔;n.禁止;禁令 flee[fli:]vi./vt.逃离;逃避 pledge[pled?]v.发誓;保证;n.1.誓言,誓约;2.保证物,抵押品

suicide[‘sjuisaid]vt./vi./n.自杀

indication[indi‘kei??n]n.1.指示,表示;2.象征,迹象 legislate[‘led?isleit]vi.立法;vt.通过立法

inflict[in‘flikt]vt.使遭受(损伤,苦痛等),使承受(on,upon)

rejection[ri‘d?ek??n]n.1.拒绝,抵制;2.驳回 separation[`sep?‘rei??n]n.1.分开,分类;2.分隔

cease[si:s]vt./vi./n.停止,结束

eruption[i‘r?p??n]n.1.(火山)

喷发;2.(战争,感情等)爆发,

迸发

pervasive[p?(:)‘veisiv]a.弥漫的,渗透的;遍布的

extent[iks‘tent]n.1.广度,范围;2.程度

sterility[ste‘riliti]n.1.不生育,(植物)不结果,(土地)贫瘠;2.消毒,无菌

deny sth.to sb.否认??的??

be subversive of破坏??的 be incapable of不会??,不能??

commit suicide自杀 cut off 1.切去,割掉;2.切断,使孤立

computerize[k?m‘pju:t?raiz]vt.电子计算机化,用电子计算机计算 solely[‘s?ulli]ad.单独地;唯一地 content[k?n‘tent]a.满足的,满意的;vt.使满意;n.满足,满意 sensible[‘sensibl]a.1.感觉得到的,可觉察的(of);2.明智的,明白事理的 marvelous[‘mɑ:v?l?s]a.奇异的,惊人的;2.[口]了不起的,妙极的 leap[li:p]v./n.1跳跃;2.飞跃 theoretical[θi?‘retik?l]a.理论上的 persist[p?(:)‘sist]vi.1.坚持,固执(in);2.持续,存留 profusion[pr?‘fju:??n]n.丰富,大量;过分 vital[‘vaitl]a.1.生命的;2.有生命力的;3.极其重要的 foolishness[‘fu:li?nis]n.愚蠢;可笑 unexamined[`?nig‘z?mind]a.未检查的;未审查的 logic[‘l?d?ik]n.1.逻辑(学);2.逻辑性,条理性;3.理由,道理 evaluate[i‘v?ljueit]vt.估价,评价 raw[r?:]a.1.未煮过的,生的;2.未加工的 texture[‘tekst??]n.1.组织,质地;2.织品,织物

ultimate[‘?ltimit]a.最后的,最终的

digression[dai‘gre??n]n.离题;偏离

obscure[?bs‘kju?]a.1.昏暗的,朦胧的;2.模糊的,难解的;vt.1.使暗,遮掩;2.使难理解 functional[‘f??k??nl]a.1.功能的;2.职务上的;3.实用的 extension[iks‘ten??n]n.1.伸张,伸展,扩大;2.电话分机 undue[?n‘dju:]a.过度的,过分的

concrete[‘k??kri:t]a.1.具体的,有形的;2.混凝土制成的;n.混凝土;vt.使凝固,使固结

8

conquer[‘k??k?]vt.征服,战胜;vi得胜,胜利

error[‘er?]n.谬误;错误 correction[k?‘rek??n]n.1.改正,纠正;2.责备,惩罚

sterile[‘sterail]a.1.不生育的,不结果实的,贫瘠的;2.无菌的,消过毒的

prolong[pr?‘l??]vt.延长;拉长

technician[tek‘ni??n]n.技术员;技术专家 junction[‘d???k??n]n.1.连接,结合;2.结合点,交叉点 technologist[tek‘n?l?d?ist]n.工艺学家;技术专家

loose[lu:s]a.1.松的,宽的;2.宽松;3.放荡的

universal[ju:ni‘v?:s?l]a.1.宇宙的,全世界的;2.普遍的,通用 specialist[‘spe??list]n.专家 dynamo[‘dain?m?u]n.1.[电]发电机;2.精力,精力充沛的人 nourishment[‘n?ri?m?nt]n.滋补品,营养品 proof[pru:f]n.1.证据,证明;2.校样 safeguard[‘seifgɑ:d]vt.保护,捍卫;n.保护措施 uniqueness[ju(:)‘ni:knis]n.独一无二;独特 possess[p?‘zes]vt.具有,拥有 pull down 1.拆除;2.推翻 mistake??for错把??当作?? distinguish between分辨,区分 come to terms(with)1.达成协议;2.妥协,习惯于 end in以??告终 reflect on仔细考虑,反思 come about发生 turn loose 1.放开,释放;2.听凭,放纵 enable??to使??能够?? respect for对??的尊敬 make over 1.(财产)转让,移交;2.改造,重做 speculate on 1.思索;2.推测,猜测 infrastructure[‘infr?`str?kt??]n.基础;基础结构(如教育,运输,通讯等设施)

kindergarten[‘kind?`gɑ:tn]n.幼儿园

postgraduate[‘p?ust‘gr?d?u?t]a.大学毕业后的,大学研究院的;n.研究生

scarce[sk??s]a.1.缺乏的,不足的;2.稀有的,珍贵的 expansion[iks‘p?n??n]n.扩张;膨胀

enrolment[in‘r?ulm?nt]n.1.登记,接收,招生;2.招收人数,入学人数

secondary[‘sek?nd?ri]a.1.第二位的,次要的;2.中等的

upheaval[?p‘hi:v?l]n.1.胀起,(地壳)的隆起;2.剧变,动乱

busing[‘b?si?]n.公共汽车接送;[美]用校车接送学生

accountability[?`kaut?‘biliti]n.有解释义务;负有责任

promotion[pr?‘m?u??n]n.1.促进;2.提升

diploma[di‘pl?um?]1.执照,特许证;2.毕业文凭,学位证书 award[?‘w?:d]vt.授予;判给;n.1.判定;2.奖,奖品

sociology[`s?usi‘?l?d?i]n.社会学

establishment[is‘t?bli?m?nt]n.1.建立,创办;2.机构 journalism[‘d??:n?liz?m]n.1.新闻业;2.[总称]报刊;3.新闻学 humanistic[`hju:m?‘nistik]a.人文主义的,人本主义的,人道主义的 perspective[p?(:)‘spektiv]n.1.透视,透视画法;2.远景,展望;3.观点,看法 integrate[‘intigreit]v.使结合,使并入;使成一体(into) unconventional[‘?nk?n‘ven??nl]a.非常规的,不落俗套的 diversity[dai‘v?:siti]n.多样性 rote[r?ut]n.1.死记硬背;2.机械的方法 permissive[p?(:)‘misiv]a.1.容许的,许可的;2.随意的,开放的 progressive[pr?‘gresiv]a.1.进步的,先进的;2.渐次的,累进的 prescribe[pris‘kraib]vt.1.指示,规定;2.开处方,开药 schoolhouse[‘sku:lhaus]n.(小学或乡村学校)校舍 route[ru:t]n.路线;航线 infiltrate[‘infiltreit]vt./vi.渗入,透过;浸润 economics[`i:k?‘n?miks]n.[用作单或复]1.经济学;2.经济情况,经济 chip[t?ip]n.1.片屑,切屑;2.(食物)薄片;3.电子集成电路片,(计算机)芯片

tier[ti?]n.1.排层;2.等级 undergraduate[`?nd?‘gr?djuit]n.(尚未取得学位的)大学生;a.大学生的on the contrary相反地 as for对于,至于

demand for对??的要求

go to law against[俗]控告某人

go along with和??一起 shy away from 1.躲开,回避;2.赞成

learn by rote由熟记而学某事 disagree about对??意见不

一 重点难点句子详解 Unit 1-A 1.A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.决策就是从可选的行动方案中做出选择。本句中“course of action”是固定搭配,意为“行动步骤;办事程序;做事方案”。that从句为定语从句,修饰courses,介词短语among?available作from的宾语,另如:They were mostly elected from among the workers.他们大多数是从工人中选出来的。He took his watch from under the pillow.他从枕头下把表拿了出来。We didn’t meet until after the show.我们直到演出后才见面。 2.?some suggest that the management process is decision making.??有人认为管理过程就是决策过程。当suggest意为“建议”时,后面从句中的谓语动词使用虚拟语气,即“(should)+动词原形”形式,而当suggest表达“认为;提出;暗示”时,则不用虚拟语气。例如:It is suggested that the meeting(should)be held at some other time.人们建议会议改期进行。She smiled,but her eyes suggested that she was not happy at all.她笑了笑,但眼神却显示出她并不幸福。Are you suggesting that I am too old for the job?你是说我老得干不了这份工作? 3.?decision making includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them.??决策既包括识别选项又包括缩小选项范围。在A as well as B结构中,语义侧重点通常在A项,一般可理解为“不仅B,而且A”或“既B又A”。例如:There are advantages as well as disadvantages of friction.摩擦力既有消极作用,也有积极作用。 Unit 1-B 1.In fact.I did have several questions,but you have already answered them all.我刚才确实有些问题,但您已经全部解答过了。助动词do在肯定句中用在动词之前可以表示强调,其形式只有现在时(do,does)和过去时(did),这种用法叫做强调肯定式。例如:I do think you are a good cook.我确实认为你是个好厨师。So you did come after all.你毕竟还是来了。用在祈使句中,能使清求更加客气而友好,或者更具有鼓励作用一例如:Do have another cup of tea,please.请再喝杯茶吧!但是,在表示制止意义的祁使句中,助动词又可以表示说话人不耐烦的情绪。例如:Do stop talking!别说话啦! 2.?but do not let it worry you too much.??但不要为这种场面而忐忑不安。动词let,make,have,hear,see,observe等之后的宾语补足语为不定式结构时,省略to,又如:Let me go,will you?让我走,好不好? 3.There is little likelihood that???的可能性微乎其微;几乎不可能??其他类似的表达方法还有:There is little likelihood of?几乎没有??的可能性。There is a likelihood that/of?有??的可能性。There is every likelihood that/of?完全有??的可能性。There is no likelihood that/of?绝无??的可能性。There is a strong likelihood that/of???的可能性很大。 Unit 2-A 1.It is only space?or so we think.它只是个空间??或者(换句话说)我们就是这样认为的。注意本句中不表示倒装,而

表示确信、证实之意。试比较:You asked him to leave,so did I.你要他离开,我也要他离开。You asked me to leave,so I did.你要我离开,我这样做了。“I am a student.”“So am I.”“我是个学生。”“我也是。”“You are a student.”“so I am.”“你是个学生。”“我确实是。” 2.Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable?爱因斯坦曾说,物质与能量是相互转换的??注意本句主句用了一般过去时,表示过去发生的行为;而宾语从句则用了一般现在时,表示客观事实或真理。 3.It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.直到最近,天文学家才开始对黑洞进行具体的研究。强调句型“It is?that?”可用来强调除谓语以外的任何句子成分,that一般不能换成when,which,where等其他词,但强调人时that可换为who,whom,whose等。例如:She met your brother in New York yesterday.→It was she t}lat(who)met your brother in New York yesterday.→It was your brother that(who,whom)she met in New York yesterday.→It was in New York that she met your brother yesterday.→It was yesterday that she met your brother in New York. Unit 2-B 1.The earth is one of nine planets which move in orbit round the sun.地球是环绕太阳作轨道运转的九大行星之一。如果one of+名词复数之后跟定语从句,定语从句修饰该复数名词,其谓语动词应用复数形式以保持一致。但如果在one of之前加上the,the only,或every等词,则定语从句修饰代名词“one”,其谓语动词必须用单数。例如:The earth is the only one of the nine planets which has life on it.地球是九大行星中惟一有生命的星球。 2.The total water area is about three times as large as the land area.整个水域的面积大约是陆地面积的三倍。在现代英语里,“A is n times as large as B”结构的意思是“A的大小是8的n倍”或“A比B大n一1倍”,再如:This airplane flies two times as fast as that one.这架飞机的飞行速度是那架飞机的两倍。(这架飞机的飞行速度比那架快一倍) 3.?the more we learn about other people,the better we understand their ideas,and,as a rule,the better we like those people themselves.??我们越是了解异域的人民,就越能理解他们的思想,而且通常就越发喜欢他们。在“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构中,第一个“the+比较级”为从句,谓语动词不能用倒装(但系动词常常省略),第二个“the+比较级”为主句,谓语动词既可以用正常语序,又可以用倒装语序。此处the more?部分为从句,两个the better?部分为主句。例如:The younger the child(is),the mole is the child’s need of sleep.The older we are,the wiser we become.The more I think about it.the less I like it. Unit 3-A 1.The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia,although it is not technically legal there.荷兰是欧洲惟一允许实行安乐死的国家,尽管准确地说安乐死仍不为法律所接受。本句中“technically”意为“准确地说,严格地讲”。另外,注意一些国名的表示方法,如:the 9

Netherlands(荷兰),the Philippines(菲律宾),the Congo(刚果)。 2.It’s very easy in society now for the elderly.the disabled and the dependent to feel that they are burdens?在当今的社会,老人、残疾人以及生活不能自理的人很容易觉得自己是累赘??英语中可以用“the+形容词”表示某类人,如:the rich(富人),the poor(穷人),the blind(盲人),the deaf(聋子),the mute(哑巴),the handicapped(残疾人),the wounded(伤员),the sick(病人),the dead(死人),the old(老人),the young(年轻人),the black(黑人),the white(白人),the unemployed(失业者)等,这种表达方法作主语时表示群体,所以谓语动词用复数形式。英语中定冠词加形容词还可以表示抽象概念,如:the beautiful(美的),the ugly(丑的)等。这种表达方法作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Unit 3-B 1.Oxbridge graduates牛津、剑桥大学的毕业生。注意构词方法(Oxford+Cambridge),类似的词还如:smog(smoke+fog),motel(motor+hotel),skinjury(skin+injury),comsat(communications satellite),Reagonomics(Reagon+economics),brunch(breakfast+lunch)这种构词法称为混成法(blending)。 2.the Ivy League长春藤联合会,原指美国东北部的八所名牌大学组成的美式足球联合会,现指这八所老牌高校,即哈佛大学(1636)、耶鲁大学(1701)、宾夕法尼亚大学(1740)、普林斯顿大学(1746)、哥伦比亚大学(1754)、布朗大学(1764)、达特茅斯大学(1769)、康奈尔大学(1865)等。该组织虽然正式成立于l956年,但校际之间的足球比赛可追溯到19世80年代。 3.And it may be worth remembering that?值得记住的是??;值得一提的是??注意be worth的用法有四种:后跟名词、代词、主动形式的动名词、what从句,但不能跟不定式,也不能跟被动形式的动名词,如:The city is worth frequent visits.这个城市值得经常参观。Tom got the scholarship.but he was not worth it.汤姆得到了奖学金,但他不配拿它。The book is worth reading a second time.这本书值得再看一遍。The bicycle is not worth what you paid.这辆自行车不值你付的那些钱。 Unit 4-A 1.There are estimated to be more than 20000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain?据估计在英国工作的外籍家庭佣人有两万多人??there引出的存在句中,谓语动词除be外,还可有exist,occur,keep,remain,rest,rise,run,lie,stay,stand,live,sit,prevail,take place,flash,blossom,ring(回响),burst out,burn,continue,follow,rush等动词,还可有happen to be,seem to be,be likely to be,be sure to be,be bound to be,used to be,appear to be,look to be等之类的复合结构。有时还可用被动语态形式。例如:There remains another proposal to be adopted.还有一个建议要采纳。There rose some terrible feels from his face.从他的脸上显现出一些可怕的表情。There prevailed atmosphere of warm friendship at the banquet.宴会上洋溢着一片热烈而友好的气氛。There rushed into the room a crowd of d6monstrators.一群示威者冲进屋里来了。There doesn’t seem to be much hope of passing the examination.这次考试过关的希望似乎不大。There was meant to be another dam set up at the upper course of the river.打算在这条河的上游再建立一个水坝。 2.And they can have their passports removed,making leaving or“escaping“virtually impossible.他们可能被没收护照,这样,想走想“逃”几乎毫无可能。句中,making?是分词短语,表示结果。removed是过去分词作宾补,表示已完成的行为给宾语带来的结果,有完成和被动的含意。例如:You must have your shoes mended.你必须把鞋拿去修好。The mayor had the Ninth Five--Year Plan drafted.市长让人起草了第九个五年计划。 3.The main breadwinner in her family,she used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka.她家主要靠她挣钱维持生计,她曾在斯里兰卡一家茶厂挣一份微薄的工资。句中的the main breadwinner in her family相当于as引导的介词短语,在句中作状语。又如:A newspaper reporter,he is naturally very much interested in the her.作为一个新闻记者,他自然对这位英雄很感兴趣。 4.?and to put in writing the main terms and conditions of the job(of which the employees should see a copy).??把工作的主要事项和条件诸文字(受雇人应看到文本)。句中的put意为“表达或表述(某事物)”,例如:That’s very well put.那话十分得体。in writing意为“以书面形式(尤指文件或合同)”,例如:You must get his agreement in writing.你必须得到他书面的同意。of which引导定语从句,修饰the main terms and conditions. 5.It is,they say,the fight to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery.据他们说,正是更换雇主的权利才使雇佣与奴役界限分明。句中的they say是插入语,对全句作附加的解释,说明整个句子内容的来源。原句是一强调句型,which应换成that,使句子更正式些。 Unit 4-B 1.They?were shackled together in leg irons joined by an eightfoot chain.他们??由一条八英尺长的铁脚镣串在一起。句中的介词in作“穿、戴”讲。例如:He is in a military uniform.他身穿军装。A woman in high.heeled shoes rushed out of the room.一个穿高跟鞋的女人冲出了那个房间。 2.They’ll clear ditches of weeds and mend fences along Alabama’s main roads.他们要清扫布满杂草的排水沟,修复阿拉巴马主干道的防护栏。clear sth/sb of sth意为“将某事物清除出某事物或某人”。例如:She was cleared of all charges.对她的一切控告均已撤销。 3.Six out of every ten prisoners in chains are black,which is why the chain gangs call up images of slavery in centuries gone by.带着脚镣的囚犯中有六成是黑人,正因为如此,链串囚队让人想起逝去的几百年前奴隶制的影子。句中,which引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个句子。gone by是分词短语,修饰centuries。“数字+out of every+数字”作“每??个中就有??个”讲,例如:The test indicated that one transistor

out of every thousand was out of order.实验表明,每l000只晶体管中有一只是坏的。 4.What they will do is make prisoners more angry,more hostile?他们这样做的结果将是使犯人更生气,更有敌意??当句子的主语部分是以what,all,the thing等引导的从句,且从句中出现了实义动词do,表语不定式可以带to,也可以省去to。例如:What she is going to do is(to)marry that man.她要做的事就是嫁给那个人。What the Smiths decided to do was(to)purchase a two.storey house with large uninterrupted floor areas in the near future.史密斯夫妇决定做的事是在不远的将来买一幢带有大片无人打扰的地面面积的两层楼房。The only thing you have to do is(to)make a phone call.你要做的惟一的事就是打个电话。 Unit 5-A 1.What happened,as well as it can be put into words,was this.所发生的情况,如用言语尽可能清楚地表达出来是这样的。句中第一个as是副词,第二个as是连接词,well是副词,修饰put。注意此结构与下面句子中as well as(也,还,而且)的区别:Those stories,as well as this boring one,have been told almost hundreds of times那些故事,连同这一个乏味的故事,讲了几乎成百上千次。 2.What developed was a music readily taking on various forms,and capable of an almost limitless range of expression。发展后的音乐,形式丰富多彩,表现内容几乎无所不包。句中的分词短语taking on?和形容词短语capable of?作music的定语。“take on”在这儿意为“呈现,具有”,例如:The disease took on some special characteristics.那种疾病具有一些特殊的特征。 3.Electronics did,in fact,make possible sounds that no instrument up to that time could produce.的确,电子技术制做出了当时的乐器所无法产生的音响效果。句中,make是谓语动词,sounds that no instrument up to that time could produce是宾语,形容词possible作宾语补足语前置了。英语中,有时为了句子结构的平衡,可对句子结构进行调整。原文的下文紧跟着两个同样结构的句子。又如:Seated on the ground are a group of young men playing horseheaded fiddles.坐在地上的是一些弹马头琴的年轻人。More serious was the question of how the president would present the joint announcement.更为严重的问题是总统如何发表联合声明。 4.With records at home,listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could?家里有了唱盘,听众尽力模仿照明效果??句中as best one can(could)是固定短语,意思是“尽最大努力”、“尽力而为”,例如:The facilities were not ideal but we managed as best we could.设备不理想,但我们已经尽了最大的努力。 Unit 5-B 1.We can see from his notebooks how he worked over his themes____how he would not let them be until they were as perfect as he could make them.从他的笔记中我们可以看到,他是如何在他的音乐主题上下功夫的----他不做到决不罢休。句中的let sb/sth be意思是“不打扰或不干涉某人/物”。例如:I’ve told you to let my things be.我已经告诉过你不要动我的东西。Let the poor dog be,don’t tease it.别

逗那条可怜的狗了。

2.The third type of composer I can 9nly call.for lack of a better name.the traditional type.第三个类型还没有想出更好的称呼,我姑且称之为传统型作曲家。本句为倒装句,目的在于强调the third type of composer。正常语序应为:For lack of a better name,I can only call the third type of composer the traditional type. 3.The creative act with Palestrina is not the thematic conception so much as the personal treatment of well.established pattern.帕莱斯特里纳的创作活动与其说是音乐主题上的构思,不如说是对固定的音乐样板作个人风格上的处理。句中的not?so much as?意为“与其说??不如说??”,例如:The city center isn’t crowded today so much as it usually is.今天市中心区没有平常那样拥挤。She is not talkative so much as before.她不像过去那样爱说话了。 4.It goes without saying that we are not living in a traditionalist period nowadays.不言而喻,我们现在不是生活在传统时期。It goes without saying that后跟从句,意思为“不言而喻、理所当然”。例如:It goes without saying that the whole story was invented.毫无疑问整篇故事全是虚构的。 5.It is difficult to summarize the composing methods of so diversified a group.概括这样一个复杂多样的群体的创作方法并不是件容易的事。句中“so/too+形容词+a/an+名词”是固定搭配。例如:He was not so big a fool as he looked.他没有像他表面看上去的那么傻。This is too difficult a task for you to carry out.这个工作太难了,你干不了。 Unit 6-A 1.Robots,becoming increasingly prevalent in factories and industrial plants throughout the developed word,are programmed and engineered to perform industrial tasks without human intervention.在所有的发达国家里,机器人在制造工厂和工业加工厂中的使用越来越普遍。经过编程和工程设计,机器人可以无需人干预完成多种工业作业。Becoming?throughout the developed world是-ing分词短语作原因状语。例如:Not knowing the language and having no friends in the country,he found it impossible to get a job.由于在这个国家他语言不通,又没有朋友,他发现找到一份工作是不可能的。the developed world相当于the developed countries“发达国家”,“发展中国家”可以表达为“the developing countries”. 2.Most of today’s robots ale employed in the automotive industry?如今的机器人大多用于汽车工业中??Today’s robots是名词加’s表示的属格形式,这些名词可以是指人、动物、时间、国家、城镇的名词。例如:today’s newspaper今天的报纸a month’s salary一个月的工资a week’s time一周的时间 3.The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials.preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation.用于核电站的机器人能够搬运放射性材料,从而避免了工作人员直接接触射线。10

used in nuclear power plants,过去分词短语作定语,修饰the robots.nuclear power plants“核电站”。power,“动力,电力”,例如:electric power电力,water power水力preventing?from?,是-ing分词短语作结果状语。to prevent?from doing?“阻止??干??”;妨碍。例如:The storm prevented the plane from taking off on time.暴雨阻止了飞机准时起飞。类似的词组还有:keep?from doing?stop?from doing?personnel是集合名词,没有复数形式。 4.It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision.将来某一天机器人是否具有和人一样的视觉尚不可知。It是本句的形式主语,whether引导的从句为真正主语。通常情况下,主语从句常常后置,而在句首使用形式主语“it”,尤其当主语从句很长时更是如此,以使句子平稳。例如:It is right that smoking is harmful to health.吸烟有害健康没错儿。注:原句中whether不可以由if代替,因为if不能引导主语从语,只能引导宾语从句和条件状语从句。 Unit 6-B 1.It is important to note that a reading of 4 indicates an earthquake ten times as strong as one with a reading of 3.需要着重指出的是;里氏震级读数为4级的地震表明其强度是里氏3级地震的l0倍。It是本句的形式主语,真正的主语为to note that??,that引导的从句作note的宾语。“数词+times+as+adj+as”是一种表示倍数的表达法。例如:This room is 2 times as large as that one.这个房间是那个房间的2倍。 2.The nations that are actively involved in earthquake prediction programs include Japan,?积极参与地震预报研究的国家包括日本,??to be involved in与??有关联,忙于??,从事于??,例如:be involved in criminal activities与犯罪活动有关连He is involved in earthquake research.他忙于地震研究。 3.They watch for changes in the water level and temperature that are associated with movement along faults.他们观察与断层移动相关的水位与温度的变化情况。to watch for something留意,当心,等待,例如:The doctor told her to watch for changes in her temperature.医生告诉她当心体温的变化。to be associated with与??联系,例如:Egypt is always associated with the Nile.人们想起埃及就想起尼罗河。 Unit 7-A 1.Thus.people who need to exert much energy in their work will find relaxation most desirable in leisure.因此,工作中需要耗费大量精力的人们会发现放松是最理想的休闲活动。exert“发挥,运用”,exert oneself to do something“努力做某事”。find+宾语+补语(adj,-ing分词,-ed分词,带to的不定式,介词短语),例如:We found the boy dishonest.我们发现那男孩不老实。I find the book interesting.我发现这本书有趣。He found child still in bed when he got back.他回来时发现孩子还在床上。 2.Hence,it can be argued that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts are?因此可以争论说,我们在这些不同场合下接触的人??It can be argued that?是以it作形式主语的被动语态结构。类似的结构还有:It is said that?It is believed that?It is reported that?It is thought that?With whom we come into contact in these various contexts是“介词+关系代词”的限定性定语从旬,修饰people.come into contact“会面,接头,接触”“come into+名词”表示达到该名词所表明的情况。例如:come into blossom开始开花,come into power取得政权。 3.The more seriously this is sought.the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.这一目标越是认真地得到坚持,就越有可能鼓励学生形成积极的休闲和学习态度。the more?the more?“越??,越??”,具体地说,它是“the+比较级。the+比较级”的结构,例如:The harder you study.the more knowledge you’ll get.学习越努力,得到的知识越多。The more he thought about it,the less he liked it.他越想越不喜欢它。as well as相当于and。例如:We shall travel by night as well as by day.我们将日夜兼程。另外,它还用于相等比较,意为“一样好”。例如:He speaks English as well as Chinese.他说英语像说汉语一样好。比较:as well as well=too,副词短语,一般放在句末。例如:He is a peasant and a poet as well.他是农民,也是诗人。 Unit 7-B 1.It is not how much time you allocate for study that counts but how much you learn when you do study.重要的不是你分配了多少时间去学习,而是你在真正学习时学到了多少东西。此句是it is(was)?that?表示的强调结构,被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语、状语以及状语从句等。主语或宾语指人时,可用that,who或whom,指物时可用that,which,但强调状语及状语从句时,只能用that。例如:It was I that(who)saw Tom in the street this morning.今天早上是我在街上看见汤姆的。It was in the street that I saw Tom this morning.今天早上我是在街上看见汤姆的。It is because English is very useful that I study it hard.我努力学英语是因为它很有用。do用来加强动词的语气,动词用原形。例:He does speak well.他的确说得好。 2.Otherwise your entire routine may get thrown off balance while you devote night and day to crash efforts.不然的话,在你不分昼夜突击应急时.你的整个休息规律就会被打乱。get+过去分词、形容词,意思为:“变成、变得”,例如:He went out and got drunk.他在外面喝醉了。His coat got wet.他的外衣湿了。to devote something to something致力于,专心于。例如:He devotes his spare time to stamp collecting.他用空闲时间从事集邮。 3.This will not only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to date on your class assignments and projects.这不仅能保持你的学习习惯,还能使你跟上课堂学习任务与活动。not only?but also?不仅??而且??例如:The first trip to the moon was not only exciting but also very important.到月球的首次旅行不仅激动人心,而且相当重要。keep+宾语(名词、代词)+adj.使??保持某种状态。例如:keep the children quiet


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