教学单位 信息工程系 学生学号 2091224107
本科毕业论文（设计）
题 目 基于Arduino开发板的智能小车设计 学生姓名 冯聪 专业名称 电子信息科学与技术 指导教师 夏洪星
2012年12月20日
基于ARDUINO开发板的智能小车设计
摘要：随着科技的发展，芯片技术已经越来越与我们的生活紧密联系，他给我们的生活带来了不少的便利，不管是智能手机还是相机和电脑，都离不开芯片技术的发展与进步。而在最近几年，新出现了一种叫做Arduino的芯片开发板，他的成本低廉，开发简单方便，而且功能强大。可以非常方便的连接各种传感器，是一款便捷灵活、方便上手的开源电子原型平台，包含硬件（各种型号的开发板板）和软件（arduino IDE)。她适用于艺术家、设计师、爱好者和对于“互动”有兴趣的朋友们。Arduino能通过各种各样的传感器来感知环境，通过控制灯光、马达和其他的装置来反馈、影响环境。我在这里就是使用的Arduino的开发平台，充分利用他的各种便利特性设计了这样的一款智能小车，这款智能小车可以利用传感器自动采集环境数据从而按照程序自动运行，他虽然只是一个简单的应用而已但是已经能够初步表现出了Arduino开发平台的宽广潜力和应用价值。
摘要：芯片；Arduino；智能小车；传感器
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The intelligent car based on Arduino development board
Abstract: As the development of science and technology, the microchip technology has became more closer relationship to our life which gives our life more communicate, not only the telephone but computers and digital cameras can not work without the microchip’s development. Nowadays, there is a new microchip board which called “Arduino”, it’s cheap and easy to develop but high performance. It also could be easily connected to kinds of sensors. It is really an open-source digital platform with easy to develop, including hardware and software (arduino IDE).It is apply to artist designer fans and anyone be interested in interaction. Arduino can accept the environment and change or feedback it by control light and motor. Now, in here, I chose the arduino board and take full use of it to develop this intelligent car which one could get the date around to working automatic .Maybe now it is only a simple application but it still show us the board potential and value.
Key words :microchip; Arduino; intelligent car; sensor
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目 录
1. 绪论............................................................................................................................ 1
1.1智能小车的研究............................................................................................. 1 1.1.1背景............................................................................................................. 1 1.1.2智能小车的研究目的................................................................................. 1 1.1.3智能小车的研究意义................................................................................. 2 1.2国内外研究的概况......................................................................................... 2 1.3智能小车系统的发展史................................................................................. 3 1.4主要工作......................................................................................................... 3 1.5小结................................................................................................................. 3 2. 基于Arduino开发板的智能小车控制系统的整体设计 ..................................... 4
2.1 智能小车控制系统的整体设计.................................................................... 4 2.1.1 寻线功能的实现........................................................................................ 4 2.1.2 避障功能的实现........................................................................................ 6 2.1.3 超声波测距功能的实现............................................................................ 8 2.1.4温度传感功能的实现................................................................................. 9 2.1.5红外控制功能的实现............................................................................... 11 2.2 智能小车系统的结构框图.......................................................................... 14 2.3 系统需要注意的几个要点.......................................................................... 15 2.4 小结.............................................................................................................. 15 3. 主控制器................................................................................................................ 16
3.1 微处理器介绍.............................................................................................. 17 3.1.1 ATMEGA 328.............................................................................................. 18 3.1.2 主要特性说明.......................................................................................... 19 3.1.3 各个引脚说明.......................................................................................... 19 3.2 由ATMEGA 328组成的Arduino开发板介绍............................................ 19 3.2.1 Arduino开发板的特性说明................................................................... 20 3.2.2 Arduino开发板对应的扩展板............................................................... 21 3.3 智能小车驱动系统介绍.............................................................................. 21
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