前面要用a或an,eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an ID card,而复数即两个或两个以上的要作相应的变化,情况如下: (1)一般的词在单数词后直接+“s”
book→books,pen→pens,car→cars,map→maps,cartoon→cartoons
(2)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词+“es” box→boxes,watch→watches
(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词去掉“y”,改成“i”,再加“es”
family→families,comedy→comedies
(4)以f或fe结尾的词,先去掉f或fe,改成“v”再加es
knife→knives,wife→wives,handkerchief→handkerchieves
(5) 特殊词,特殊变化,需单独记:
child→children,man→men,foot→feet,woman→women tooth→teeth,sheep→sheep,deer→deer 2. 既是可数名词又是不可数名词的单词
chicken当“鸡肉”讲时是不可数,当“小鸡”讲时可数; room当“空间”讲时不可数,当“房间”讲时可数;
fish当食物用“鱼、鱼肉”讲时不可数,当“鱼的种类”讲时可数;
hair泛指“毛发”时不可数,当“一根或几根毛发”讲时可数;
sound意思是“一般性的声音”时,不可数,指“一次发出的声音”时可数;
paper当“纸”讲时不可数,当“试卷”、“论文”、“证件”讲时可数;
time当“时间”讲时不可数,当“时代、倍数、次数”讲时可数;
exercise泛指“锻炼”时不可数,当“练习、做操”讲时可数
一般过去时表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态(与现在无关)。
常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等过去具体时间状语连用。 He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。
What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事? 一般过去时基本结构:
1. 肯定句形式:主语+动词过去式+其他
I was an English teacher one year ago. 一年前我是一名英语老师。
I bought a yellow dress yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我买了一条黄裙子。 2. 否定句形式: ①was/were+not;
②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。 I wasn't an English teacher one year ago. 一年前我不是一名英语老师。
I didn't buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我没买一条黄裙子。
3. 一般疑问句: ①was/were提到句首;
②Did+主语+动词原形+其他?
Were you an English teacher one year ago? 一年前你是一名英语老师吗?
Did you buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午你买了一条黄裙子吗?
4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
What were you one year ago? 一年前你是做什么的?
1. 询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时,常用以下几种结构来表达:
What’s the matter (with sb.)?(某人)怎么了? What’s wrong (with sb.)?(某人)怎么了? What’s the trouble with sb? 某人出什么事了? What happened to sb? 某人发生了什么事? Are you OK? 你没事吧?
Is there anything wrong with sb.?某人有不舒服/麻烦吗?
2. 要表达身体疼痛或不舒服,可用以下结构: ①某人+have/has+病症
The twins have colds.双胞胎感冒了。 ②
某
人
+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.
She had a stomachache last night. 她昨晚肚子痛。
③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位 He has a sore throat. 他喉咙痛。 ④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词 He hurt his leg. 他的腿受伤了。 ⑤某部位+hurt(s).
My head hurts badly. 我头痛得厉害。 ⑥某人+have/has+a pain+in one’s+身体部位 I have a pain in my chest. 我胸口痛。 ⑦(There is) something wrong with one’s+身体部位 There is something wrong with my right eye. 我的右眼有毛病。 ⑧其他表达方式
She has a heart trouble. 她有心脏病。 He got hit on the head. 他头部受到了撞击。 She cut her finger. 她割破手指了。
Should用法
1. should为情态动词,意为“应该;应当”,否定式为shouldn’t,其后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。 You should drink more water. 你应该多喝水。 He should put his head back. 他应该把头后仰。