做单项填空题的实用技巧
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做单项填空题的实用技巧
掌握熟练的解题技巧可以使你如虎添翼。解单项填空题行之有效的高分技巧有如下几种：
1. 重视分析题干的句子结构
命题者有意设置较为复杂的句子结构，旨在增加干扰因素，加大试题难度，提高区分度。在解题时一定要从注意分析句子结构入手，弄清命题人的意图，从而顺利解题。命题者常用的干扰方式有以下几种：
(1) 使用疑问句、倒装句、强调结构等形式避开考生熟悉的结构
Whom would you like to have________ with you to the party?
A. go B. to go C. going D. gone
解析：本题含有 have sb do sth 结构。但是，由于题干以疑问句的形式出现，容易使部分考生误选 B。把题干变为陈述句结构即为：You would like to have whom go with you to the party. 因此，最佳答案为 A。
Why! I have nothing to confess. _______ you want me to say? (上海卷)
A. What is it that B. What it is that
C. How is it that D. How it is that
解析：题干为强调结构，可还原为：What do you want me to say? 把疑问词放在强调结构中，陈述句为：It is what that you want me to say，然后把主句变为特殊疑问句即为题干，故最佳答案为 A。
(2) 使用插入语将主语和谓语分开，造成主谓语分隔
I think Tom, rather than you, ___________.
A. is to blame B. are to blame C. is to be blamed D. are to be blamed
解析：题意为“我认为该受责备的是汤姆，而不是你”。句中的 rather than you 为插入语，be to blame 用主动表示被动。故最佳答案为 A。
—How do you________ we go to Beijing for our holidays?
—I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable. (福建卷)
A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggest
解析：题干为混合疑问句：疑问词 + 一般疑问句 + 陈述语序。其中的一般疑问句通常被看成插入语，用于此句型的动词有：think, say, believe, guess, suggest, imagine, suppose 等。因答语是个人的建议，故空白处填suggest。最佳答案为 D。
(3) 利用省略现象，造成理解困难
Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again. (上海卷)
A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
解析：题意为“布朗夫人很失望地看到她让人修过的洗衣机又坏了”。题干中的 the washing machine went wrong 为 see 后的宾语从句，she had had (the washing machine) repaired 为 the washing machine 所带的定语从句；定语从句谓语含have sth done 结构，为过去完成时。因先行词the washing machine 在句中作 had 的宾语，故关系代词 that 或 which 被省掉。故答案为 C。
Please tell me the way you thought of _______ the problem.
A. solve B. to solve C. solving D. solved
解析：本题易误选 C。题干中的 you thought of 为定语从句，因先行词作宾语，省略了关系代词that 或which。若先把这个定语从句去掉，题干的结构就非常清楚，空白处为不定式作后置定语。故最佳答案为 B。
(4) 利用被动结构，避开考生熟悉的陈述句结构
—George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
—No, I_______. Did they have a big wedding? (湖北卷)
A. was not invited B. have not been invited
C. hadn’t been invited D. didn’t invite
解析：考生对句型 invite sb to do sth 非常熟悉。根据答语，可知我没有参加他们的婚礼，因为“我没有受到邀请”。最佳答案为 A。
2. 注意排除思维定势的影响
思维定势就是人们总是按照已形成的一种习惯的、固定的思维方式去思考问题、解决问题。在解英语单项填空题时，仅凭死记一些语法规则和固定句型是不够的，必须弄清题意和具体的语境，这样才能灵活运用知识，取得优异成绩。
I’m sorry. I’m busy now. I can’t help________ the floor of the classroom.
A. sweeping B. swept C. to sweep D. to sweeping
解析：考生对can’t help doing sth(情不自禁做某事)这一句型非常熟悉，但是题意为“我很忙，不能帮你扫地”。故最佳答案为C。