“Since muscles are the powerhouses of the body, my colleagues and I designed our device to generate electricity from the move of the knee joint,” said Max Donelan. “It resembles a knee brace and weighs about 1.5 kilograms including the gearing (传动装置) and generator.”
The apparatus (装置) catches the energy of a person’s movement by connecting an electrical generator to knee moving. When the wearer extends the knee, a gear on the device turns and spins the generator, which builds up energy. When the knee is flexed, the device turns off so as not to tax the wearer. The machine senses moving and knows when to activate itself.
The design allows a person to use the tool without using much additional energy beyond the normal demands of walking. The researchers measured the volunteers’ oxygen intake and carbon-dioxide output to make sure it wasn’t strenuous to use.
People are an excellent source of portable power. An average-sized person stores as much energy in fat as a 1,000-kilogram battery. People recharge their body batteries with food.
The device could be used to power computers in remote areas where electricity is shot. The early markets are people whose lives depend on portable power, such as people with artificial limbs（肢体）. On the military side, some soldiers have an extreme dependence on batteries these days, so both these groups could benefit.
11. The text is mainly about a new machine that ______. A. can make your walking easy on a treadmill B. can generate enough electricity by walking C. can increase the strength of your walking D. can offer electricity for your physical practice
12. According to the text, which parts of the body are suitable for the device? A. The knees. B. The ankles. C. The wrists. D. The neck. 13. It can be inferred from the text that the amount of electricity from the device directly lies in ______. A. the speed of your walking B. the amount of food you eat C. the amount of oxygen intake D. the extent of your knees extending 14. Why did the researchers measure the volunteers’ carbon-dioxide output? A. To see whether the device is hard to use. B. To test the amount of electricity generated. C. To tell whether the device has enough source of energy. D. To judge what food is useful for the wearers. 15. We can learn from the text that the device ______. A. is a must for a soldier in the army B. will more and more change people’s ways of life C. has widely been used in remote areas
D. is more useful in places with electricity unaccessible
【解题导语】本文说的是一种通过人步行时膝关节的活动来带动该装置发电的新器械。 【答案与解析】
11. B。 主旨大意题。本文提到的这种新器械主要是通过人步行时膝关节的活动来带动该装置发电。选项B概述了该文的主旨；选项A、C和D偏离本文主题。故答案选B。
12. A。 细节理解题。根据文章第二段和第三段，该种装置应该是安装在膝关节处的。故但选A。阅读理解
13. D。 推理判断题。根据文章第二段和第三段，这种装置主要是通过关节的活动来提供动能而发电，因此，膝关节的伸缩度直接关系到发电量的多少。故答案选D。
14. A。 细节理解题。文章第四段提到，这种装置不需要携带者超出一般的步行量，而通过检测氧气摄入和二氧化碳的呼出来说明该种装置是否能让携带者用起来方便不吃力。本题间接考查形容词 (strenuous)，不过从文章的上下文来看，该词应该与发电量和所吃食物无关。故答案选A。 15. D。 细节判断题。根据文章最后一段，该种器械对于缺乏电源的偏远地区的人或者对于需要电源的士兵来说是很有用处的。选项A表达绝对话了；选项B还没有达到改变人们的生活方式那么大；选项C表达不符合原文，该种装置还没有用于实际生活中。故答案选D。
阅读理解D
New fast food debuts in U.S. fairs—fired Coke
A new fast food is making its debut(首次演出) at U.S. fairs this fall----fried Coke. Abel Gonzales, 36, a computer analyst from Dallas, tried about 15 different varieties before coming up with his perfect recipe----a batter mix made with Coca-Cola syrup, a drizzle of strawberry syrup, and some strawberries.
Balls of the batter are then deep-fried, ending up like ping-pang ball sized doughnuts（面团）which are then served in a cup, topped with Coca-Cola syrup, whipped cream, cinnamon(桂皮)sugar and a cherry on the top.
“It tastes great,” said Sue Gooding, a spokeswoman for the State Fair of Texas where Gonzales’ fried Coke made its debut this fall. “It was a huge success.”
Gonzales ran two stands at the State Fair of Texas and sold up to 35,000 fried Cokes over 24 days for 4.50 dollars each –and won a prize for coming up with “most creative” new fair food.
Ray Crockett, a spokesman for Coca-Cola Co., said: “we’re constantly amazed at the creative ways folks find to enjoy their Coke and make it part of celebrations like fairs and festivals. This is one is definitely different!” 16. The passage is likely to .
A. be an advertisement B. appear in a newspaper C. make a comment on a new food D. give us some advice 17. The new fast food probably is the computer analyst’s ____________. A. 15th attempt B. disliked food C. most creative food D. excellent recipe 18. We are sure that ____________.
A. this new kind fast food will be popular in the future B. this new food has been sold 157500 dollars C. the food was bought by Coca-Cola Co. D. this is a new kind of Coke 19. According to Ray Crockett, ___________. A. fried Coke is a completely different form of Coca-Cola. B. fried Coke is a very creative use of Coca-Cola. C. folks enjoy this new kind of food very much. D. he is amazed at the U.S. fairs this fall.
【解题导语】本文向人们介绍一种新食品——美国新小吃--炒可乐。 【答案与解析】
16. B 推理判断题。本文只是向人们介绍一种新食品,故极有可能会出现在报纸上.如果是广告文中就不会引用那么多的评论。
17. D 推理判断题。从tried about 15 different varieties before coming up with his perfect recipe可知,这种新食品应是第16种尝试.他发明的是他最喜爱的故B错.最具创意的食品是别人说的,他本人未必认可.而excellent与perfect是近义词. 18. A 细节理解题。在24天的展销中就卖了157500 dollars故B项不正确。C，D项与文章不符。
19. B 细节理解题。炸可乐是吃的一种形式，而不是另一种可乐，故A项不正确。民众找到一些享受可乐的具有创造性的方式，故C错。D项针对的是这种吃可乐的方式而非这次展销。【评注】要求考生就题论题而不能凭主观论断。否则就有可能误选答案C。 E
Thursday, January 3阅读理解 Location：Main Library Training Center（5th F1．） Address：100 Larkin St．（at Grove） Library Sponsored Public Program Event Time：4 p．m．－6 p．m． Book a Librarian Description： One-on-One Computer or Internet Training Session Do you need personalized help Using a computer or the Internet? During the month of January，the library is offering limited one-on-one training sessions（培训课程）．Sessions are limited to 30 minutes and require signing up in advance．Call（415）557-4400 to book an appointment or for more information． Friday, January 4 Location：Main Library Paley Rm．（3rd F1．） Address：100 Larkin St．（at Grove） Library Sponsored Public Program Event Time：4 p.m. --- 5：30 p.m. Description： In this nine-week（January 4 through February 29）Beyond Journal Writing for class，you will have the opportunity to develop and Teens share your writing（poetry, biography and more）in a supportive group led by a Writers Corps teacher．Open to teen writers aged 13-19． For information，communicate with Betsy Levine，Teen Librarian，at （415）557-4497 or Dmail blevine@sipI．org． Tuesday, January 8 Location：Main Librarv Koret Auditorium Address：100 Larkin St．（at Grove） Library Sponsored Public Program Event Time：5 p．m．-8 p．m． Power Panels and Films by World Savvy Description: World Savvy，The Global Film Initiative team up to take you on a world tour through explorations of art，media and film．Come and share how film and media affect youth，education and our global community at large．To book a position，communicate with Jennifer Collins at
（415）557—4268 or jennifercollins@sfpl.org． Wednesday, January 9 Location：Main Library（Fourth Floor Business Center） Address：100 Larkin St．（at Grove） Library Sponsored Public Program Event Time：10 a．m．-3 p．m． Description： SCORE—Service Corps of Retired Executives（行政人员）offers free，one-hour business counseling（咨询）sessions from 10 a．m．to 3 p．m． To schedule an appointment with a SCORE counselor, call（415）744-6827．Cosponsored by the Business，Science and Technology Center． 20．If a boy wants to improve the skill of writing poems he can call __________． A．（415）744-6827 B．（415）557-4268 C．（415）557-4497 D．（415）557-4400 21．Who would be most likely to attend the event on Wednesday, January 9？ A．A science teacher B．A retired worker． C．A school headmaster． D．A supermarket owner． 22．Which event doesn’t need booking in advance? A．One-on-One Computer or Internet Training Session. B．Beyond Journal Writing for Teens. C．Power Panels and Films by World Savvy. D．Business Counseling Sessions. 【解题导语】本文为一则事务广告，标明了各种事物的具体内容、要求。 【答案与解析】 20．C 细节理解题。从本题题干所问，可以看出应是Thursday, January 3的内容。 21．D 细节理解题。题干所问内容是“在1月9日周三谁最有可能参加这个活动，查看文中所讲是关于“商业咨询服务会议”，分析四个选项与商业有关的只有D项。 22．B 分析判断题。题干做问“哪项活动不需要提前预约？”A错，依据为Sessions are limited to 30 minutes and require signing up in advance．C错，依据为To book a position，communicate with ?.D错，依据为To schedule an appointment with a SCORE counselor, call?.。 第四组
Everyone agrees that it’s necessary to reduce carbon emissions （排放物） around the world. There is less agreement over exactly how nations should go about achieving a more carbon - free planet. Thus, the environmental equivalent: cap – and – trade carbon emissions, or place a carbon tax on all users?
With cap – and – trade programs, governments limit the level of carbon produced by an industry. Companies that hold their emissions below the cap can sell their remaining allowance on a carbon market, while companies that go beyond their limit must purchase credits on that market. Carbon taxes are more straightforward: a set tax rate is placed on the consumption of carbon with the idea that raising the price will encourage industries and individuals to consume less. At the moment, cap – and – trade has the upper hand, but doesn’t defeat the tax just yet.
Business Counseling Sessions
Supporters of the tax argue that a cap – and – trade system would be too difficult to administer – and too easily gamed by industries looking to sidestep emissions caps. Cap – and – trade advocates contradict that like all other flat taxes, a carbon collection would relatively burden lower – income families, who spend a greater percentage of their income on energy than rich households. So which system will have a larger effect on carbon consumption? A 10% carbon tax might reduce the demand for carbon about 5 % or less, according to an analysis by the Carbon Tax Center, an environmental advocacy group. That may not be enough. Businesses and governments haven’t figured out how the two competing systems can work together, but in the end, the world may need both. 1. The passage focuses on_________. A. programs of collecting taxes B. systems of reducing carbon emissions C. reasons for reducing carbon emissions D. contradictions between the two systems
2. According to the cap – and – trade program, companies_________ . A. are forbidden to produce carbon emissions
B. are allocated the same amount of carbon consumption C. can sell their remaining allowance within their limits D. can sell the extra amount of carbon at a higher price 3. Carbon taxes work by _________. A. burdening well – off families
B. encouraging industries to consume carbon C. raising the price for carbon consumption
D. limiting the carbon consumption of industries only 4. The underlined word “cap” in the second paragraph most likely refers to_________. A. limit B. credit C. level D. rate 5. We can learn from the passage_________ . A. carbon taxes are difficult to carry out B. cap – and – trade plays a greater role at present C. cap – and – trade will be preferable in the future D. carbon taxes will be preferable in the future 【解题导语】全球变暖成为一个热得不能再热的话题，可是，一个人的力量可能让全球变暖的速度慢下来吗？换句话说，我们每个人可以为防止全球变暖做些什么吗？答案是肯定的，你和科学家、工商企业界以及政府联手，可以开辟出一条减少温室气体排放之路。 【答案与解析】
1. B 本文首句就给出了答案。
1. C 根据文章第二段第二句得出答案。 2. C 根据文章第二段倒数第二句得出答案。 4. A 根据二、三段所讲内容可判断出答案。 5. B 根据最后一段可得出答案。 B