3． She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready to begin the long letter.
独立主格中是名词短语的：
1． His first shot failure(独立主格)，he fired again（完整的句子结构）. 2． Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 3． His book now a bestseller, he felt pleased with the world.
1． The physicist has made a discovery, ___ of great importance to the progress of science and technology.?（TEM4, 1997）
A. I think which is C. which I think is
B. that I think is? D. which I think it is
因为前面是一个完整的句子，逗号说明后半部分只能是从属，由此排除A,B，而答案D含有多余的成分it，因此选项是C。
2． It was as a physician that he represented himself, and he was warmly received.?
A. as such C. as that
B. such as D. so that ?
逗号后有and, 说明是并列，排除从属D, such as 后跟名词短语，不跟句子，排除B，没有as that 这样的搭配，因此选A，as such = as such a person.
3. The central provinces have floods in some years, and ___.?（TEM4, 2000）
A. drought in others C. while other droughts
B. droughts are others D. others in drought
and 表并列，排除C表从属。没有动词，说明并列的成分应该与floods in some years 结构对等，只有A。
4． Even as a girl, ___to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teacher.?（TEM4, 2001）
A. performing by Melissa were?
B. it was known that Melissa’s performances were? C. knowing that Melissa’s performances were? D. Melissa knew that performing was ?
and 表并列，后面是一个完整的句子，说明前面一定也是一个完整的句子，排除表从属的A, C, as a girl, 说明该句主语是人，因此选D。
5. We’ve just installed two air-conditions in out apartment, _______should make great differences in our life next summer. （TEM4, 2002）
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. they
前面是完整的句子，后用逗号连接，无并列连词，只能是从属A，非限制性定语从句。 6． Fool ____ Jane is, she could not have done such a thing. （TEM4, 2002）
A. who
B. as
C. that
D. like
后面是完整的句子，逗号连接，前面一定是从属，只能是B。
7． Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat ____ by far the biggest cereal crop.?（TEM4, 2003）
A. is
B. been
C. be
D. being ?
前面是完整的句子，逗号连接，后面一定是从属，表主动关系，这是独立主格，只能是D。
8．Time ____, the celebration will be held as scheduled.?（TEM4, 2003）
A. permit
B. permitting
C. permitted
D. permits ?
后面是完整的句子，逗号连接，前面一定是从属，主动关系，这是独立主格，只能是B。 9. There are only ten apples left in the baskets, __ the spoilt ones. （TEM4, 2006）
A. not counting
B. not to count
C. don’t count
D. having not counted
前面是完整的句子，逗号连接，后面一定是从属，主动关系，只能是A。不定式常表示未来的行为。
10． The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, ___ by the police each time.?
A. had been captured C. only to be captured
B. being always captured? D. unfortunately captured
逗号前面是一个完整的句子，逗号后面一定是从属的，排除A，因为had 与tried 是并列关系。B和D， 一个表示正在进行的动作，一个表示已经完成的动作，都是具体的，一次性的，不能与each time 相匹配，只能选C，表示一种意想不到的结果。