same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。 （2）I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。 （3）We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。 2.在限定性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时，关系代词可省略。 （1）The book (that/ which) I am reading is very interesting. 我在读的书很有趣。 （2）Is there anything (that) you wanted? 想要什么东西吗? 编辑本段从句区别
限定性从句和非限定性从句的区别
（1）从结构上来看，限定性从句不能用逗号与先行词分开；而非限定性从句却必须用逗号分开。引导非限定性从句的关系代词不能省略。例如：
The clock，which my great-grandfather bought,is still in good order. 这时钟是我曾祖父买的，现 在还是走得很准。
（2）两种形容词性从句往往赋予同一个先行词以不同的含义。例如： My sister who lives in London is a doctor. 我住在伦敦的妹妹是医生。
My sister,who lives in London,is a doctor. 我的妹妹是一个医生，她住在伦敦。
（3）非限定性从句可以把整个主句当作先行词，而限定性从句没有这种功能。非限定性从句修饰整个主句时，只能用which或as来引导。例如： I said nothing，which made him still more angry. 我一声不吭，这使他更加生气。
He was a Frenchman,as I could tell from his accent. 他是个法国人，我从他的口音中可以听出来。
He was drunk,which seemed to make a bad impression on the policeman. 他喝醉了，这似乎给警察留下了不好的印象。[2] 先行词和关系词
1）Whoever spits in public will be punished here.（“Whoever”可以用“anyone who”代替） 2）The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. （“what”可以用“all that”代替）
但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了，是名词性从句。因为定语从句一定要有先行词，而名词性从句没有。将“Whoever”、“what”分别用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后，才是定语从句，先行词分别是“Anyone”、“all”。 An invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he 答案C。
a选项it，使前后成为两个句子，中间无连词连接，语法错误；b项that，此为非限定性从句，不能用“that”修饰；c选项which，which在从句中做主语，用来代指前面的这件事；d选项he；前半句中是her boss，所以不正确。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 答案B
英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park. A. that B. which C. as D. it 答案B
“as”和“which”在引导非限宾语。但不同之处主要有两点： （1）importance to me, as my own is. 在一定的语言环境里，有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是，在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后，引导定语从句的关系代词不能用“who / whom”。 （2）动词短语先行成分。
这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语，它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词“do”和“as / which”一起代替。“do”可以出现，也可以不出现，但不能用其它动词代替。 （3）句子作先行成分。
这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子，有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。
二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置。
由于先行成分的构成成分”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况：
1. 形容词作先行成分时：形容词的“which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。 2. 动词短语作先行成分时，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是，当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时，“as”特殊。
3. 句子作先行成分时：“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活，可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语，“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语，如natural, known to all, usual等。
4. 有无状语意要是方式状语意义，而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义。“as”特殊定四、关系代词“as”与“which”一词。如：
Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.
1). “Which”作主语时，谓语动词不限，主动被动皆可，只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词“be”省略。
2). “as”和“which”都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语。 3). “as”和“which”在特殊从句中作补语。如：
We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.
“as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装，“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装。 如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语，关系代词用“which”而不用“as”。如：
He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was. 5.\用法：
1).\引导限制性定语从句 a.\
He is not such a fool as he looks.
I have never heard such a story as he tells. b.\
This is the same book as I lost last week.
(区分\与\：两者都引导定语从句。that从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一个。as从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个。举例：①This is the same pen that I lost. 这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支。②This is the same pen as I lost. 这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样。) c.\
As many children as came were given some cakes. 2).\引导非限制性定语从句
常用句式:as is said above 综上所述 as is known to all 众所周知 as is often the case 通常如此
as is reported in the newspaper 如报纸所报道的 6. “which”在特殊从定法 （1）不用that的情况
（a）在引导非限定性定语从句时。
（c）The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. （b）介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
（2）只能用“that”引导：如先行词被“last,just”修饰时，只用“that”。 （d）先行词为序数词、数容词，又有物时。 （f）先行词指物，在主句中作是“the way”或“the reason”时，“that”可作关系副词，也可省略。
（h）主句的主语是疑问词“who /which”时，避免重复要用“that”． 举例：
Is this the book that you borrowed in the library? 这是你在图书馆借的书吗？
Who that break the window should be punished． 谁打碎了窗户谁该受罚。
All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的是石油供应。
The thief gave out everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。 定语从句只能“that”引导的情况： 1、先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。
This is the most interesting book that l have ever read. 2、先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。
The second foreign country that l expect to visit is Greek.
3、先行词是不定代词时，如\、few、little、much、anything、nothing、something\
This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.
4.、先行词既有人又有物时
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? 5、先行词被“only”、“the every”、“no”、“one of”、“the right\“the same\
He is the only person that l want to talk to. 6、在以“which”、“who”、“whom” 引起的问句中，为避免重复，常用\Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
7、“there be”句型中
8、先行词在主句中作表语，或者关系代词本身作从句的表语时宜用“that” “that”在作宾语时可省略。
（五）区分定语从句和同位语从句
1、定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；
同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系。
（1）The boy who is playing football is my classmate.（定语从句） 2、定语从句由关系代for advice.
（3）The fact that the moon moves around the earth is known to all. （4）The fact is that the moon moves around the earth.(这是一个表语从句！）
(六)特殊的定语从句
1)but也可用作关系代词来引导定语从句，意思接近于that(who).....not(这种用法已经有些陈旧）
There is no tree but bears some fruit.没有不结果实的树。
There are very few but admire his talents.很少有人不佩服他的才华。 Surely there isn't a mother but faces this problem.可以肯定，凡是母亲都面临着这个问题。
2）whereby,wherein,whereupon也可以引导定语从句，相当于by which,in which,upon/on which.这种用法已经有些陈旧，且仅用于书面语。[3] [定语从句]介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系副词不能省略。 2）“that”前不能有介词。 3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的\介词+关系词\结构可以同关系副词“when”和“where”互换。例如：
This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
Do you remember the day when you joined our club？ 介词与关系代词
“介词+关系代词”的结构
1. “介词+ which”在关系分句中分别可作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when, where和why。如：
①I still remember the day on which (= when) I first came to school. 我仍然记得初来学校的那一天。
②The factory in which (= where) I work is a large one. 我工作的工厂是一个大厂子。
③This is the reason for which (= why )he was put in prison. 这就是他为什么被关起来的原因。
2. “介词+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”在关系分句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，关系分句主谓常须倒装。如：
①They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy. 他们来到一处农舍，前边坐着一个小男孩。
②I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird. 我看见一个人，他的头上有一只鸟。
3. “不定代词或数词+ of + which（指物）/whom（指人）”在关系分句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。如：
①China has a lot of islands, one of which is Taiwan. 中国有许多岛屿，其中之一是台湾岛。
②There are a lot of students here, none of whom like the film. 这里有许多学生，他们之中无人喜欢这部电影。
4. “介词+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”在关系分句中作目的、方式或地点状语。如：
①Could you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat? 你能告诉我这件衣服是给谁买的吗？
②The man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer. 这人是一位工程师，我是从他那里得到这个消息的。
5. “介词+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”用于被动结构的关系分句中，作状语，说明动作的执行者。如：
①The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot. 伤害羊的那只狼被打死了。
②The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter. 打死狼的那人是一个好猎手。
6. “名词+ of which”代替“whose +名词”在关系分句中作定语。如： ①I saw some trees, the leaves of which (= whose leaves ) were black with disease. 我看见一些树，它们的叶子因害病而发黑。
②He mentioned a book, the title of which (= whose title) I’ve forgotten. 他提到一本书，书名我忘了。
7. “介词+ which（指物）/whose（指人）”修饰后边的名词。如：
①It rained all night and all day, during which time the ship broke into pieces. 雨下了一天一夜，就在这期间轮船撞碎了。
②The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps. 司