齐 齐 哈 尔 大 学
化工原理课程设计
题 目 水吸收丙酮填料塔设计
学 院 食品与生物工程学院
专业班级
学生姓名
指导教师
成 绩
2013年 06 月 24 日
化工原理课程设计
摘 要
空气-丙酮混合气填料吸收塔设计任务为用水吸收丙酮常压填料塔，即在常压下从含丙酮4%、相对湿度70%、温度25℃的混合气体中用25℃的吸收剂清水在填料吸收塔中吸收回收率为95%丙酮的单元操作。设计主要包括设计方案的确定、填料选择、工艺计算等内容，其中整个工艺计算过程包括确定气液平衡关系、确定吸收剂用量及操作线方程、填料的选择、确定塔径及塔的流体力学性能计算、填料层高度计算、附属装置的选型以及管路及辅助设备的计算。
气体吸收过程是化工生产中常用的气体混合物的分离操作，是利用气体混合物中各组分在特定的液体吸收剂中的溶解度不同，实现各组分分离的单元操作。板式塔和填料塔都可用于吸收过程，此次设计用填料塔作为吸收的主设备。更好的实现了分离，利用水吸收丙酮更好的利用了物料的性质，得到了更好的分离，产品更纯，在设计计算中采用物料衡算、亨利定律以及一些经验公式，用AutoCAD绘制主要设备图。最终完成了毕业设计说明书。
关键词：丙酮； 辅助设备； 填料塔； 单元操作
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化工原理课程设计
Abstract
Air - acetone mixture packed absorption tower design task acetone atmospheric pressure packed tower for water absorption,Namely from acetone under ordinary conditions of pressure, temperature of 25 ℃, relative humidity 70% 4% of the mixed gas used in 25 ℃ in packing absorbent water absorption tower and the recovery was 95% acetone unit operation.Design mainly includes the determination of design scheme and filler selection, process calculation, the whole process of calculating process include determining gas liquid equilibrium, determining dosage of sorbent and operating line equation, the choice of filler, determine the tower diameter and fluid mechanics performance of the tower, packing layer height calculation, auxiliary equipment selection and calculation of the pipeline and auxiliary equipment.
Gas absorption process is the separation of gas mixture commonly used in chemical production operations,Is to use the components in the gas mixture in certain solubility in the liquid absorber, realize the separation of components of the unit operation. Plate tower and packed tower can be used for the absorption process, the design with packed tower as the absorption of the main equipment. Better use the implementation of the separation, water absorbing acetone better use of the properties of materials, and get better separation, the more pure product,in the design and calculation of material balance, Henry's law and some empirical formulas, And the key equipment plan were drawn by Auto CAD . Finally, a instruction was completed.
Keywords:acetone; auxiliary equipment; packed tower; unit operations
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化工原理课程设计
目 录
摘 要 ....................................................................................................................................... Ⅰ Abstract .................................................................................................................................... Ⅱ
第1章 概述 ............................................................................................................................ 1 第2章 工艺设计与计算 ........................................................................................................ 2
2.1 设计任务及操作条件 ............................................................................................... 2 2.2 设计方案的确定 ....................................................................................................... 2 2.3 物料计算 ................................................................................................................... 2
2.3.1 进塔混合气中各组分的量 ............................................................................ 2 2.3.2 混合气中进出塔（物质的量）组成 ............................................................ 3 2.3.3 混合气中进出塔（物质的量比）组成 ........................................................ 3
2.3.4 出塔混合气量 ................................................................................................ 3
2.4 气液平衡曲线 ........................................................................................................... 3
2.5 吸收剂(水)的用量Ls ............................................................................................... 4 2.6 塔底吸收液浓度X1 ................................................................................................ 4 2.7 操作线 ..................................................................................................................... 4
2.8 塔径计算 ................................................................................................................. 5
2.8.1 采用Eckert通用关联图法计算uF ................................................................ 5 2.8.1.1 有关数据计算 ................................................................................... 5 2.8.1.2 关联图的横坐标值 ........................................................................... 6 2.8.1.3 关联图的纵坐标值 ........................................................................... 6 2.8.2 操作气速 ........................................................................................................ 6 2.8.3 塔径 ................................................................................................................ 6
2.8.4 核算操作气速 ................................................................................................ 6 2.8.5 核算径比 ........................................................................................................ 6 2.8.6 喷淋密度校核 ................................................................................................ 7 2.9 填料层高度的计算 ..................................................................................................... 7
2.9.1 传质单元高度HOG计算 ................................................................................ 7
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化工原理课程设计
2.9.1.1 列出关联式中的物性参数及计算 ..................................................... 7 2.9.2 计算KYa .......................................................................................................... 7
2.9.3 计算KYa .......................................................................................................... 9 2.9.4 传质单元数 .................................................................................................. 10 2.9.5 填料层高度Z计算 ..................................................................................... 10
2.10 填科层压降计算 ................................................................................................. 11 2.11 填料吸收塔的附属设备 ....................................................................................... 11
2.12 进出口管径的计算和选择 ................................................................................... 12
2.12.1 进料口管径计算 ........................................................................................ 12 2.12.2 出口管径的计算 ........................................................................................ 13
2.13 填料塔的设计结果总汇 ......................................................................................... 13
主要符号说明 .......................................................................................................................... 15 结束语 ...................................................................................................................................... 16 参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 17 致 谢 ...................................................................................................................................... 18
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