高三英语专项复习情态动词特殊用法大集合

2019-03-22 11:50

嘉兴英语教学网 www.jxenglish.com 收集整理 欢迎使用 高三专项复习情态动词特殊用法大集合

情态动词除了基本的用法以外还有许多特殊之处,最基本的用法读者可以结合自己的语法书籍来适当复习,这儿就不赘述,主要略列一些特殊用法,希望对各位英语爱好者有所帮助。 1. can和could

⑴Can 和 could 可以表示某人或某物一时的特点,可以翻译为“有可能,有时会”。 It can be very warm in this area.这个地区有时可能非常暖和. He can be very friendly at times.他有时会非常友好。

⑵can表示能力时(即有某种知识和技能而能办到),可以与be able to 换用。但是在将来时和完成时中必须用be able to ;表示经过努力而成功地办到了某个具体的事情时,只能用be able to ,不可以用can。 这种用法的be able to 相当于succeed in 或manage to。另外:can not 比 cannot 更强调.

Can you type ?= Are you able to type ?

I am sure we shall be able to get you a jop soon.(不能用can) He has been able to finish the work on time.(不可用can)

After years of hard work he was able to win the prize.(不可以用could) He couldn’t climb the mountain.(没有能力爬,因而也没有爬) He was not able to climb the mountain.(尝试爬过,但是没能爬上去) 另外:

①be able to 强调能力,通常表示一次性的事件,一般不表示经常性的事件。 I was able to pass the examination.(=I succeeded in passing the examination.) 我能考试及格。(考试及格了)

After studying that you will be able to solve these mathematics problems. 学习完这个方法后,你能够解这些数学题了。

②在否定句结构中,be able to 指暂时的情况,而can可以指经常的情况。 He is not able to swim today.他今天不能游泳。 He can't swim at all.他根本不会游泳。

I shall not be able to go to school tomorrow.我明天不能上学了。

③在表示“经过尝试或努力为能做到”的意思时,一般不用be able to。如对Were you able to find the pen?做否定回答应该用:No,I couldn't (find it)。不能说:No,I wasn't able to find

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嘉兴英语教学网 www.jxenglish.com 收集整理 欢迎使用 it.

④could 可以用来表示过去习惯性动作的完成,而was able to 却没有这种用法。 I could run after a bus and catch it twenty years ago ,I can't do that now. 二十年前,我能在后面跑着追上公共汽车,现在不行了。

⑤cannot /can't 与too/over(‐)/enough /perfectly /sufficiently 等词连用,意思是“越…越…”“无论怎样… …也不为过”、“决不会… …够(过)”。 You can't praise him too much.你无论怎样称赞他都不过分。 You cannot be over careful.你越细心越好。 I can't thank you enough.我对你感激不尽。

This point cannot be overemphasized.这一点无论如何强调都不过分. 注释:

⑴can't /cannot …too /enough 等中的not ,也可以用never /hardly /scarcely 等代替。 There can never be too much deception in war.兵不厌诈。 We can hardly/scarcely pay too high a price for liberation. 为了解放,我们无论付出多高的代价也不为过。

⑵can't / cannot … …too / enough 等后的附加疑问句的动词用肯定形式can,不用 can't。 You can't praise him too much ,can you ?你无论怎样赞扬他都不为过,对吧 ? You cannot be too careful, can you? 你再小心也不为过,对吧?

⑶“cannot wait 不定式 ”意思是“be eager to … … 急于做”,表示强调的肯定意思. I cannot wait to read the book。我非常渴望读这本书. He couldn’t wait to see her。他渴望见到她. 练习题:

?Please remind your grandpa to take medicine on time,for a man of his age_______be very forgetful.

A.should B. must C. shall D. can ?You cannot be_______careful when you drive a car. A. very B. so C. too D. enough

?The car broke down on the way, but we_____get out of the desert at last. A. might B. would C. were able to D. could

2. must有一种含义:“偏要”“硬要”。表示说话人对句子主语所发出的动作或行为是不希

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嘉兴英语教学网 www.jxenglish.com 收集整理 欢迎使用 望的、不满的甚至是生气的。通常指令人不愉快的事情。must用于第二人称时,常常含有讽刺挖苦的意思:

Why must you be so stubborn (固执)?

He must come and worry her with questions ,just when she was busy cooking the dinner. If you must smoke ,at least you could use an ashtray (烟灰缸)。 As I was sitting down to lunch ,the electric bell must ring. Why must you be so late ?你为何非要这么晚来呢 ? 练习题:

?Why _______you always interrupt me ? A. can B. will C. may D. must

?Naturally ,after I told her what to do ,my daughter _______go and do the opposite ! A. may B. can C. must D. should

另:⑴have to 多表示习惯动作或客观条件索引出的义务;而must则用于表示一种重要或急迫的事情:

We have to care for the young.(义务)

She has to be at the office before 8 every day.(习惯)

You must go to the manager at once ,or you 'll be dismissed.(急迫的事情)

⑵通常have to 强调客观需求,表示因客观环境或事态促使而不得不作某事;must 强调主观看法,

表示主观上认为有必要做谋事。

I must learn another language.(主观想法:I want to ) I have to learn another language.(客观需求:身为一个外交官)

但是must 可以表示客观必然性,意思为“必然(会),总是会”,而have to 则不可以这样用。

All men must die.人固有一死。

Competition must happen.竞争总会发生。 Truth must be out.真相总会大白.

Winter must be followed by spring.冬天到了,春天还会远吗 ? There must be a day for revenge.总有报仇的那一天.

⑶对must 所在句子变反意疑问句时,应注意以下习惯搭配:

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嘉兴英语教学网 www.jxenglish.com 收集整理 欢迎使用 ①must 作“必须”解时,反意疑问句中重复must.

All the children must respect their parents ,mustn’t they ? 孩子必须尊敬父母,对吗?

②must 作“有必要”解时,反意疑问句中用need.

We must tell her the truth ,needn’t we ?我们现在有必要告诉她实情,对吗? ③“must be ”表示推测时,反意疑问句用be 的适当形式. You must be thirsty ,aren’t you ?你一定渴了,是吗 ?

④“must have done ”表示推测时 ,附加疑问句一般用have 或 has ,但是有明确表示过去

的时间壮语(before 除外)时,反意疑问句用过去时态。 He must have finished the work ,hasn’t he ? He must have gone abroad last week ,didn’t he ? You must have been told about it that day ,weren’t you ? ⑤mustn’t 表示“禁止,不允许”时,反意疑问句一般用may. The children mustn’t play with fire,may they? 也可以用must.

We mustn’t be late ,must / may ?我们不可以迟到,对吗?

⑥must 用于表示询问对方意向时,反意疑问句部分的动词可以与前面陈述句部分的动词不一致。

You must come tomorrow ,will you ? 练习题:

?You mustn’t tell it to your mother,_______?

A.must you B.do you C.need you D.will you ?-----The students must hand in their term papers in a week ,_______? -----No,they _______。

A.needn’t they ,mustn’t B.mustn’t they ,mustn’t C.mustn’t they ,needn’t D.shouldn’t they ,should

3.used to 的意思是“过去常常”,已经含有 always ,often ,sometimes ,from time to time等意思,但是它却可以和它们连用。

He always used to / used always to come by bus. 他过去总是坐公共汽车来。

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嘉兴英语教学网 www.jxenglish.com 收集整理 欢迎使用 He often used to work late at night.他过去经常工作到深夜。

She always used to get up at four o'clock in the morning.她过去总是早晨4点起床。 但是used to 不可以与表示具体次数或一段时间(即特定的时间段)的词语连用。 He went to abroad three times.

He lived in the countryside for three years. 但是可以和过去确定的时间壮语连用。 He used to live here in 1995。

He used to be devoted to her when she was a little girl. In those days we used to live in the country. 另:would 和used to 的区别如下:

两者都可以表示过去的习惯性动作。但是would 只强调过去特定情况下的习惯性动作(由动态动词表示),单纯的过去和现在无关;而used to 即可以强调过去的习惯性动作(由动态动词表示),也可以强调过去的事实或状态(由静态东此表示),且与现在形成对比,即可表示持续的状态,也可表示过去重复的行为。 I used to have an old car.过去我有一辆旧轿车。 I didn't use to like opera ,but now I'm getting interested. 我过去不喜欢歌剧,但现在逐渐有了兴趣。

上面两句话的动词均是静态动词,说明过去的事实或状态,不能用would 代替used to. 注:would 和used to一样,都不可用来表示发生的次数,也不能与表示一个特定的时间段的状语连用。

He went to London three times when he was a child.他还是孩子时,去过伦敦三次。

但是would可以和sometimes/now and then/from time to time 等词组(表示过去有时或偶尔的时间状语)连用。

She would sit there for hours sometimes ,doing nothing at all. 他有时一连坐好几个小时,什么事情也不干。 练习题:

When he was there, he_______go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A. would B. should C. had better D. might

4.shall可以用在第二、三人称,要重读,不可以缩写,表示说话人的意图、意志、允诺、命令、命运或必然结果等;在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等。

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