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Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. 华为技术有限公司 Confidentiality level 密级 Total 83 pages共83页
Unix 脚本编程总结与应用实例
Prepared by
拟制
Reviewed by 评审人 Approved by
批准
Authorized by
签发
陈刚
Date 日期 Date 日期 Date 日期 Date 日期
2003-09-23 yyyy-mm-dd yyyy-mm-dd yyyy-mm-dd
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
华为技术有限公司
All rights reserved 版权所有 侵权必究
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Revision Record 修订记录
Date 日期 Revision CR ID Version / Defect 修订 ID 版本 CR号 1.00 1.01 Sec No. 修改 章节 Change Description 修改描述 Author 作者 2003-09-23 2003-10-25 initial 初稿完成 陈刚35626 1. 修正有关IP地址等一些陈刚错误，调整了章节顺序，35626 扩充了内容。 2. 增添了iTELLIN自动安装脚本的一些实例 3. 加入大纲层次和页眉页脚 1. 在六.杂项 中添加了一些例子. ?? revised xxx 修改XXX 1. Xxx 2. Xxx 3. ... 陈刚 ?? Name 作者名 2004-5-24 ?? 1.03 ?? xxx x.x.x; y.y.y yyyy-mm-dd 2.00 Distribution List 分发记录
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Catalog 目 录
Revision Record 修订记录 .................................................................................................................... 2 Catalog 目 录 ................................................................................................................................... 3 Title 标 题：Unix 脚本编程总结与应用实例 ................................................................................. 8 Keywords 关键词： ............................................................................................................................... 8 Abstract 摘 要： ........................................................................................................................... 8 List of abbreviations 缩略语清单： ..................................................................................................... 8 命令格式 .................................................................................................................................................. 9
一．shell与Unix平台 ...................................................................................................................... 9 二．shell基本知识 ...................................................................................................................... 9 三．grep 命令 ............................................................................................................................ 11 四．sed ......................................................................................................................................... 11 五．awk命令 ................................................................................................................................. 11 六．find命令 .............................................................................................................................. 12 七．test命令 .............................................................................................................................. 12 八．expr命令 .............................................................................................................................. 13 九．流程控制语法 ........................................................................................................................ 13
1. if-then-elif-else-fi语句 ................................................................................. 13 4. for语句 .......................................................................................................................... 15 6. while语句 ..................................................................................................................... 16 7. until 语句 ................................................................................................................... 17 8. break及continue ...................................................................................................... 18 9. case 语句 ..................................................................................................................... 18 十．shell脚本调试 .................................................................................................................... 19 实例讲解 ................................................................................................................................................ 21
一．模式匹配 ................................................................................................................................ 21
1．ls显示所有以hosts.开头的文件 ............................................................................... 21 2．ls显示包含x,y,z字符的所有文件 ............................................................................. 21 二．正则表达式 ............................................................................................................................ 21
1．grep匹配/etc/services文件中以ftp字符串开头的哪些文本行....................... 21 2．grep匹配以system文本结尾的行。 .......................................................................... 21 3．grep匹配仅包含一个#字符的行。 .............................................................................. 21 4．grep匹配以或者[abc]开头的行 ..................................................................... 21 5．grep匹配以Ftp或者ftp开头的行 .............................................................................. 21 6．grep匹配F或者f以外的字符 ........................................................................................ 21 7．grep匹配除大写字符以外的字符 ................................................................................ 21 8．grep匹配以ftp或telnet开头的文本行 ................................................................... 21 9．grep匹配以ftp开头，后跟0个或多个-agent的文本行 ......................................... 21 10．grep匹配以ftp开头，后跟1个或多个-agent的文本行 ...................................... 21 11．grep匹配带有数字6，后跟至少3个0的文本行(使用-E启用边界特性) .............. 22 12．grep匹配含有(abc)的文本 ...................................................................................... 22 13．常用正则表达式举例.................................................................................................... 22
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14．grep精确匹配：在抽取字符串后加\\>。 ................................................................. 23 15．grep消除大小写：加入-i选项 ................................................................................. 23 16．特殊字符：$ . ? ― * [ ] ^ | \\ + ? ............................................................. 23 17．grep判断变量含有[HOST]字符串 ............................................................................ 23 18．grep判断变量含有[xxx]字符串 .............................................................................. 23 19．grep匹配后缀为c,h,j,s,cpp,hpp的文件 .......................................................... 23 20．使用grep在文件中查找变量 ...................................................................................... 23 21．正则表达式语法 ........................................................................................................... 23 三．sed命令 ................................................................................................................................. 27
1．sed文本的定位方法： ................................................................................................... 27 2．sed编辑命令 ................................................................................................................... 27 3．sed打印文件的第二行 ................................................................................................... 27 4．sed打印文件的第一到三行 ........................................................................................... 28 5．sed打印匹配test的行 ................................................................................................. 28 6．sed打印匹配$的行 ........................................................................................................ 28 7．sed打印最后一行：$是代表最后一行的特殊字符 ..................................................... 28 8．sed脚本文件 ................................................................................................................... 28 9．sed上例中如果将a\\改为i: .......................................................................................28\\ 10．sed上例中如果将a\\改为c: .....................................................................................28\\ 11．sed删除第一行 ............................................................................................................ 28 12．sed删除第一到第三行 ................................................................................................ 28 13．sed删除最后一行 ........................................................................................................ 28 14．sed替换文本 ................................................................................................................ 28 15．sed输出到文件，w选项： .......................................................................................... 28 16．sed从文件读取，r选项： .......................................................................................... 28 17．sed优势： .................................................................................................................... 29 18．sed常见的一行命令集 ................................................................................................ 29 19．sed去掉字串变量前后的空格 .................................................................................... 29 20．sed去除文件count中的前后的空格......................................................................... 29 21．sed提取最后一个目录名和程序名 ............................................................................ 30 22．dirname或参数扩展提取目录名 ............................................................................... 30 23．grep,sed获取文件的扩展名 .................................................................................... 31 24．sed获取第n个匹配的行的行号 .................................................................................. 31 四．awk命令 ................................................................................................................................. 31
1．awk字段分隔符： ........................................................................................................... 32 2．awk匹配模式 ................................................................................................................... 32 3．awk―模式匹配－动作‖ .................................................................................................. 32 4．awk内部变量 ................................................................................................................... 32 5．awk用户定义变量 ........................................................................................................... 33 6．awk算术运算 ................................................................................................................... 33 7．awk高级算符 ................................................................................................................... 33 8．awk内部算术函数 ........................................................................................................... 33 9．awk内置函数 ................................................................................................................... 33
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10．awk的自定义函数 ........................................................................................................ 34 11．awk的―下一‖语句：.................................................................................................... 35 12．awk中的字符串相加: .................................................................................................. 35 13．awk的逻辑运算符 ........................................................................................................ 35 14．awk的逻辑与||、逻辑或&& ....................................................................................... 35 15．awk的FS、OFS和ORS使用： ..................................................................................... 35 16．awk的sprintf函数的使用 ........................................................................................ 36 17．awk的重定向，输出到文件： .................................................................................... 36 18．awk删除文件的第一行 ................................................................................................ 36 19．awk删除输入行中特定行的换行字符......................................................................... 36 20．awk获取输入行中，域的最大个数 ............................................................................ 36 21．awk输出一行超过80 个字符的每一行 ...................................................................... 36 22．awk输出至少一个域的所有行。可用来将一个文档里的所有空白行删除 ............. 36 23．awk输出范围在0 到100 之间的7 个随机数 ........................................................... 36 24．awk将所有用户的login名称依照字母的顺序输出 ................................................. 36 25．awk将一个文档的总行数输出 .................................................................................... 36 26．awk输出文档的内容时会在每行的最前面输出行号它的功能与'cat -n' 类似 36 27．awk自定义函数的例子一: 第一个域与第二个域的平方和 .................................... 37 28．awk的split、数组、注释 ........................................................................................ 37 29．awk打印传入字符串的第n个分隔域。 ...................................................................... 37 30．在awk中使用shell中的变量 .................................................................................... 37 31．在某个目录下查找包含特定字符串的文件。返回文件名称 .................................... 39 五．其它命令 ................................................................................................................................ 39
1．eval命令：可用于动态生成和执行代码 ..................................................................... 39 2．exit
n：退出 ........................................................................................................ 40
3．export导出环境变量：................................................................................................ 41 4．shift命令： .................................................................................................................. 41 5．shell的参数扩展： ...................................................................................................... 41 6．<<即时文档 ..................................................................................................................... 42 7．sh调试选项 ..................................................................................................................... 42 8．time命令测试一个程序执行时间 ................................................................................ 42 9．expr命令 ........................................................................................................................ 42 10．if语句判断变量是否为某个值（防止空串） ........................................................... 43 11．nm命令察看一下xxx.o文件中是否有多个相同名字的函数 ................................... 43 12．ps、grep和awk显示属于某个用户的所有进程（并杀死） .................................. 43 13．touch命令 ................................................................................................................... 44 14．touch与make联合使用强制编译 .............................................................................. 44 15．dd命令传送文件 ........................................................................................................... 44 16．talk命令 ...................................................................................................................... 44 17．ps命令........................................................................................................................... 44 18．rm指令........................................................................................................................... 44 19．find命令 ...................................................................................................................... 44 21．rusers命令 ................................................................................................................. 45
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