长春工业大学本科毕业设计（论文）
摘要
柴油机的高效、节能使得汽车的柴油机化日趋明显。电控燃油喷射系统也成为目前柴油机领域的重要发展方向之一。采用电控技术后，将有效改善柴油机的动力性和经济性，降低柴油机的有害排放。柴油机的喷油系统主要是由高喷油泵、喷油器和连接喷油泵与喷油器的高压管组成。随着国家对环境治理力度的加强，对机动车尾气排放的要求相对的提高了，特别是对柴油发动机的排放要求更加严格，所以喷油系统必须能够保证柴油机使柴油充分的燃烧，保证柴油机有足够的动力和运输的可靠性。这样，就对喷油系统有较高的要求，改变了柴油发动机的控制模式，实现了精确的控制，使排放更加清洁，减小了柴油机做功粗暴所产生的噪音，提高了车辆的经济型和舒适性。
执行机构的控制研究是柴油机电控技术研究的关键。本文在给出了油量执行结构及其位置传感器、供油定时控制机构及其提前角检测的设计方案，并对其控制策略进行了研究。
电控单元硬件、软件设计是电控系统设计的核心。本文详细地讨论了电控单元硬件、软件设计过程，完成了硬件电路和软件模块化设计，并对硬件、软件提出了相应的抗干扰措施。
此外，为了完善柴油机电控系统开发，提出了柴油机标定系统。采用以CAN总线为基础平台的分配泵电控系统，实现下位机与PC机之间的通讯，完成对柴油机电控系统参数的监测。
本文阐述了采用单片机对柴油机喷油泵（BOSCH喷油泵）进行控制，主要实现对喷油泵内齿条位置的准确控制，从而实现对喷油量的准确控制，达到改善喷油系统和环保的目的。
本系统采用我们比较熟悉的89C51单片机作为控制核心，采用电感传感器作为反馈和信号的采集，使用光耦驱动电路使输入端与输出端相互隔离，使电路的抗干扰能力加强了，使用PID控制算法控制系统稳定，鲁棒性强。
关键词：柴油机；单片机；喷油泵；控制系统
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长春工业大学本科毕业设计（论文）
System of diesel engine fuel injection control
Abstract
Diesel engines have been widely applied in the world because of their efficiency, economy and reliability．Electronically controlled fuel injection is one of important research directions in the diesel engine field．Introduction of electronic control techniques into diesel engine can not only improve the drivability and economy considerably．but reduce their exhaust emissions and contamination.Fuel injection system of diesel engine as long as it is made of high fuel injection pump，injector high-pressure tubing connected fuel injection pump and the injector.Along with the country to strengthen environmental regulation，on vehicle emissions requirements relative increase，Especially for the diesel engine emission requirements more stringent,So the injection system must be able to ensure that the diesel combustion,To ensure the reliability of diesel engine with power and transportation of enough.So,have high requirements for fuel injection system,To change the control mode of the diesel engine and precise control.The emissions of more clean,reduce the diesel engine work rude noise,improve vehicle economy and comfort.
The executive mechanism is the key techniques in the diesel engine electronic control technology．In this paper detailed designs on control mechanisms and sensors are presented and control tactics are investigated also．
As the core of diesel engine electronic control system．The whole process of ECU hardware and software designs is specified，moreover requisite software and hardware measures are taken in the system anti-disturbance performance．
Besides，in order to calibrate the parameters of diesel engines，the electronically controlled unit of VE distributor pump is presented based on the CAN field bus．It adopts the simple and practical design of the electronically Controlled unit by CAN field bus communication and make the bottom processor and the top computer communicate and the parameters of the electronically controlled unit can be monitored．
This paper expounds the application of single-chip microcomputer in diesel fuel injection pump (BOSCH pump) control,mainly to achieve precise control of fuel injection pump rack position,so as to realize the accurate control of injection quantity,Improve the fuel injection system and the purpose of environmental
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长春工业大学本科毕业设计（论文）
protection.
The system uses the more familiar 89C51 microcontroller as control core,The inductive sensor as the feedback and signal acquisition,use optocoupler driving circuit to make the input and the output are isolated from each other,so that the anti-interference ability of the circuit to strengthen.The use of PID control algorithm of the control system stability,robustness.
Keywords：Diesel enging；Microcontroller；Fuel injection pump；Control system
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长春工业大学本科毕业设计（论文）
目 录
第一章 绪论......................................................... 1
1.1 论文选题背景及研究 .......................................... 1 1.2 柴油机电控喷油系统的发展动态 ................................ 1 1.3 国内外电控燃油系统的发展现状 ................................ 3 1.4 论文研究的主要内容 .......................................... 6 第二章 方案论证..................................................... 7
2.1 系统设计要求 ................................................ 7 2.2 系统方案论证 ................................................ 7
2.2.1 单片机的选择论证....................................... 7 2.2.2 传感器选择论证......................................... 9
第三章 硬件电路设计................................................ 12
3.1 控制系统的硬件总体结构 ..................................... 12 3.2 单片机最小系统 ............................................. 13
3.2.1 复位电路.............................................. 14 3.2.2 振荡电路.............................................. 15 3.3 位置式传感器的工作特点 ..................................... 16 3.4 传感器检测电路设计 ......................................... 17 3.5 传感器激励电路设计 ......................................... 19 3.6 AD转换电路设计............................................. 19 3.7 位移执行器驱动电路设计 ..................................... 20 3.8 CAN总线模块设计............................................ 21 3.9 电源模块设计 ............................................... 22 第四章 系统流程图及软件设计........................................ 23
4.1 系统流程图 ................................................. 23 4.2 CAN总线控制流程图.......................................... 25 4.3 PID控制系统................................................ 25
4.3.1 PID控制框图设计 ...................................... 26 4.3.2 齿条位移闭环增量式PID控制............................ 26 4.3.3 PID流程图 ............................................ 28 4.3.4 PID控制参数整定 ...................................... 28
总 结.............................................................. 30
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长春工业大学本科毕业设计（论文）
致 谢.............................................................. 31 参 考 文 献........................................................ 32
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