die from a traffic accident 死于交通事故
The old man died from a car accident last year. 这个老人去年死于一场车祸 die of + 内因 主要指疾病、衰老、情感等自身原因
die of hunger/an illness 饿/病死 His grandfather died of liver cancer in 1992.
⑶ die out“（家族、物种等）灭绝；绝迹 Dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago. 恐龙在六千五百万年前灭绝了 ( ) He died ___ the traffic accident last week. A. of B. from C. with D. for
【2013湖北荆州】— Do you know that Mr. Zhang passed ____ last week — Yes. He died ____ illness. A. away; of B. on ;from C. by; with D. off; as 【解析2】illness 疾病；病 ill /sick 共同点：\生病的；有病的\
不同点：ill adj.\生病的；有病的\作表语，不能作定语 be ill in hospital
sick 作表语/作定语，\病人\或the sick,
She is ill / sick in bed. 她卧病在床。She is looking after her sick father .她在照顾她生病的父亲。 【拓展】sick \恶心的；厌倦的\ The smell makes me sick.这气味使我感到恶心。 【2013甘肃白银】25. He can’t even move because of his (ill). 8. Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo. 成年熊猫每天花12个小时来吃掉大约10公斤的竹子。 【解析】spend … (in) doing 花时间做某事 【】spend/pay/cost/take 花费
(1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人 ◆ sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sth ◆sb. +spend +时间/钱+（in） doing sth ◆spend on= pay for 支付
He spends too much time on the computer games.
( ) Remember to spend some time __ your loved ones, because they’re not going to be around forever. A. from B. with C. in D. on
【2012湖南永州】My father _____ one hundred thousand yuan on his new car. A. spent B. cost C. paid (2) pay →paid →paid v 支付，主语是人
◆sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.
( ) — How much did you ____ for this computer? — Five hundred dollars. A. cost B. take C. spend D. pay (3) cost→ cost→ cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事
◆sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱 A new computer costs me a lot of money. 【2012广西贵港】 I bought a new sweater last weekend. It ____ me 120 yuan. A. paid B. take C. cost D. spend
(4)take→took → taken v 花费
◆It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间 It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.
【2013黑龙江绥化】10. It will ________ them several years to learn English well. A. cost B. take
C. spend
【2012曲靖中考】--Are you always online? --Yes. It ____ me a lot of time to read the web pages I likes. It’s the best way to kill time. A. takes B. spends C. uses D. pays 【2013鞍山】 It only_______ him 20 minutes __________to his office every day. A. takes, to drive B. took, drive C. takes, drive D. took, to drive 【2013湖北荆州】22. It usually Mum about half an hour to cook supper. A. pays B. takes
C. spends D. costs
【2013四川雅安】4. I spent $5 this book. A. in B. to buy C. buying D. buy 【2013山东济宁】22. — Do you know the price of the ticket? —Yes. Each______￥180. A. pays
B. costs C. takes D. spends
【2013湖北黄石】 38. It ______ me about 10 days ______ painting the walls. A. took; to finish B. cost; finishing C. took; finishing D. spent; to finish
【2013四川遂宁】24. Paul’s parents were worried that he too much time chatting on line.
A. spent B. paid C. took
【2013山东青岛】9. — How much is the ticket to Central Park?
—A one-way ticket ____ $40, and you can _____ another $20 for a round-trip. A. costs, pay B. cost, spend
C. pay, spend
D. spends, pay
9. But then humans started to cut down the forests, and there was less bamboo for the pandas. 但是后来人类开始砍伐森林，导致可供熊猫吃的竹子越来越少。
【解析1】cut down 砍伐；砍倒 cut down 砍倒，减少，降低，缩短 The little boy cut down the young tree 【拓展】与cut有关的短语
cut something from something 切下，割下cut something away 切除，剪去 cut up 切碎 cut off切断，停止 【2013四川宜宾1】President Xi Jinping calls on Chinese people to ______ all the food each meal. A. eat up
B. use up
C. pick up
D. cut up
【2013山东济南4】 —Alice, could you help me __ the meat? I want to make some dumplings for dinner. —OK. I’ll do it right away. A. put up B. give up C. use up D. cut up 【解析2】less 更少的
⑴less是little（小；少）的比较级： He spends less time (in) doing experiments. 他做实验花时间较少。 ⑵“less+形容词或副词”构成劣等比较，作“较不…”，“更不…”解。 It is less cold than it was yesterday. 天气不如昨天那样冷。 【拓展】not less than + 基数词表示\不下于；至少；不止\no less than + 基数词表示\达......之多（言其多）\
There are not less than 40 students in this class. 这个班级至少有40个学生。 No less than 1,000 people were missing in the earthquake.
地震中失踪人数多达一千人。
【2013十堰3】13. －Many boy students think math is ______ English. －I agree. I’m weak in English. A. much difficult than B. so difficult as C. less difficult than
D. more difficult than
10. Scientists say there are now fewer than 2000 pandas living in the remaining forests. 科学家们说现在只有不到2000只
大熊猫生活在幸存的森林中了。
【解析】 There be + 名词（短语） + ving. 某处有某人或某物在做某事 There is a truck collecting rubbish outside. 【解析】remind v保持，仍是（系动词+adj. ）
( ) ①Though he has been working hard, his math remains_____. A. bad B. badly C.OK ( ) ② At the meeting ,they said nothing but ____quiet. A. took B make C. reminded 【2013辽宁鞍山】 25. —Can I smoke in the dining hall? —Sorry. It's not_________. A. promised B. realized C. allowed D. reminded
11. Another 200 or so live in zoos or research centers in China and other countries. 另外的200 只左右生存在动物园或中国和其他国家的研究中心。 【解析】another +数词 另外的……, 再…… another 同类事物（三个以上）的另一个，
I don't like this one, please show me another. 我不喜欢这个,请给我另一个。 some... others一些，另一些
Some boys are reading; others are listening to the radio. 有些孩子在阅读,有些则在听收音机。 one ... the other 表示两者里面的另一个！
I've bought two sweaters . One is for you and the other is for my brother. other+复数名词
Where are the other students? 其他同学在哪里?
【2013孝感3】22. My family has two dogs. One is white, ________ is black.
A. other B. another
C. the other
D. others[来源:学科网]
【2012福建南平】— Have you finished your work yet? — No, no t yet. It’ll take me ____ ten minutes. A. other B. another C. the other
12. We all hope that in the future there will be a lot more pandas than now. 【解析】there be句型的将来时
【2013铜仁】—There’s going to ___ an English evening tonight? Would you like to go with us? —I’d love to.
A. have B. has C. is D. be 【2013黔西南】 _________ two soccer games in our school next week .
A. There is has B. There are have C. There are going to be D. There is going to be 【2013湘西】Do you think there _____ robots in People’s homes in the future?
A. will be
B. will is
C. be will
13. Another reason for fewer and fewer pandas is because people are cutting down forests so pandas have fewer places to live and less bamboo to eat.熊猫越来越少的另外一个原因是因为人们砍伐森林，所以可供熊猫居住的地方越来越小，可供其吃的竹子也越来越少。
【解析】比较级 +and +比较级 越来越……
【2011安徽芜湖1】Funtawild Adventure is very popular and ______ tourists visit it year by year.
A. more and more
B. fewer and fewer
C. less and less D. more or less
【2011湖北恩施2】 Farmers have become ___ in our hometown in recent years. A. more and more rich
B. richer and richer C. more rich and more rich
【2013辽宁鞍山1】After rebuilding, our school is becoming ___.
A. more and more beautiful B. more beautiful and beautiful C. beautiful and beautiful D. the more beautiful （二）形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 形容词及副词的比较级和最高级变化形式 一、规则变化
1.一般在词尾直接加er或est， tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest 2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st， nice-nicer-nicest 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est， heavy-heavier-heaviest
4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est， big-bigger-biggest 【注】: 大,红,湿,热,悲,瘦,胖.双写末辅再变级.（big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat ）
5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级， beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
【注】:表示否定意义在其前加less /least important----less important----least important English is more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting than English . 6.由 “形容词+ly”构成的副词,在其前加more/ most
slowly---more slowly----most slowly；但early—earlier---earliest 二、不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best many/much more most little less least old old / elder old /eldest bad/badly/ill worse worst far farther (距离)/further（程度） farthest /furthest 下列单、双音节词只能加more和most
注: 形容词,副词同形有: back , high , well ,fast, early, late ,straight 三、常见用法
形容词或副词的比较级+than。如：You are taller than Tom. 你比Tom高。 可修饰比较级的词 a bit, a little, rather, much, far, a lot, a great deal, any, still, even.
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?
When Sarah was a teenager, she used to fight over almost everything with her family. 当萨拉还是一个青少年的时候，她常常几乎所有事情都和她的家人争吵。 【解析】fight over 为……争吵
fight for + 抽象名词（事业、自由、权利） 等 “为......而斗争” have a fight with 和......打了一架
But five years ago , while she was studying abroad in England, she heard a song full of feelings about returning home on the radio.但是五年前，当她在英国留学时， 她在收音机上听到一首充满思乡之情的歌曲。 【解析1】abroad adv 在国外；到国外 My father often goes abroad. abroad 用法：表示到（在）国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。 go abroad 出国 live abroad 住在国外 at home and abroad 在国内外
【解析2】return = come / go back返回= give sth back 归还
Return ... to ... 把.......归还给....... Don’t forget to return it to the library. 【解析3】on the radio 在收音机里；通过无线广播 介词on 表示 “ 以......方式”
on the Internet 通过因特网；在网上 on the telephone 通过电话 on TV 通过电视
She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them.她开始意识到事实上她是多么想念他们。 【解析】actually 真实地，事实上actually 和 in fact 用法的区别 actually adv. ① (无比较级、最高级)实际上,事实上,实际
He looks unpleasant, but actually he is very kind. 他看起来板着面孔,但事实上很和蔼。 in fact 相当于really, truly
No one believed it, but in fact, Mary did pass her exam. 尽管没有人相信，但实际上玛丽确实考试及格了。 前者通常作状语，用于书面语，修饰副词不可单独使用。
后者可作状语或表语，可单独使用，既可用于书面也可用于口语中。 ( ) ________the earth is actually a bit nearer to the sun during our winter. A. actually B. in fact C. real D. /
Ever since then, she has been a fan of American country music. 从那以后，她成了一名美国乡村音乐爱好者。 【解析】ever since 自从……以来
ever since 作连词时=since, ever起强调作用 ,主句常用现在完成时.
I haven’t heard from him since last year. =I haven’t heard from him ever since last year. 【2013浙江丽水】I met Lucy in the primary school and we have been close friends _____. A.as usual B.again and again C.sooner or later D.ever since
Many songs these days are just about modern life in the US, such as the importance of money and success, but not about belonging to a group.现在的很多歌曲是关于美国现代生活的，例如：金钱和成功的重要性，但它们不属于一种类型。 【解析1】modern adj.现代的，当代的
such as “例如，诸如此类的，像……那样的”，相当于like或for example such as 后不可列出前面所提过的所有东西。
I know four languages, such as Japanese and English. 我懂四种语言，如日语、英语
for example/such as辨析：
for example“例如”，一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。 【析】for example意为用来举例说明，有时可作为独立语，插在句中，不影响句子其他部分的语法关系。 He，for example，is a good student. 例如，他就是个好学生。 such as“例如”，用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。
【析】such as用来列举事物，插在被列举事物与前面的名词之间， as 后不可以有逗号，可以与 and so on 连用。 Boys such as John and James are very friendly. 像约翰和詹姆斯这样的男孩都很友好。 【解析3】success 成功
succeed v 成功，达到 →success n 成功 →successful adj 成功的→successfully adv成功地 ◆succeed in doing sth make a success 取得成功 ( ) She works very hard ,so she will ____ in ____ the exam.
A. successful; pass B. success ;passing C. succeed; passing D. successful; passing 【解析4】belong 属于； 归属 【详解】belong v 属于 = be owned by
belong to +人名（不能用所有格）+代词宾格（不能用物主代词） 属于 【注】：belong to不能用于进行时态或被动形式，其主语常常是物。
Sth belongs to sb = sth is sb’s The yellow car belongs to Mr. Smith = The yellow car is Mr. Smith’s. 【甘肃兰州2】— Are these books ______ ? — No, they are not mine. They belong to _____. A. your; her B. yours; her C. you; hers D. yours; she
【2013黄冈】The French book must be Li Ying’s. She’s the only one who’s studying French.
A. belong to li Ying’s B. belong to Li Ying C. belong Li Ying’s D. belong Li Ying
【2013哈尔滨】Mo Yan, a famous Chinese writer, won the Nobel Prize for literature at the end of the year 2012. We learn that success ______ the person with a never- give –up attitude. A. drives out B. takes over
C. belongs to
However， country music brings us back to the “good old days “ when people were kind to each other and trusted one another. 然而， 乡村音乐把我们带回人们彼此友好、彼此信任的“美好旧时代”。 【解析】be kind to 对……友好= be friendly to kind of “有点儿，有几分”相当于a little 或a bit a kind of “一种”
all kinds of “各种各样的” different kinds of“不同种类的”
what kind of ….的种类(用来询问事物的类别)
( ) — _____ rice would you like? — Small , please.
A. What kind of B. What size C. What size of D. What size bowl of 7. He’s sold more than 120 million records. 他的唱片销量已经超过1.2亿张。 【解析】million 一百万
hundred n 百 hundreds of 数以百的 thousand n 千 thousands of成千上万的 million n 百万 millions of成百万的 【注】：(1)当million 前面有具体的数字时，用单数形式
(2)当million 后与of 连用时用复数形式， millions of 是数百万的意思，前面不能加数词 【口诀】：具体的不加s 也不加of，不具体的加s 也加of 【记】Three million workers have planted millions of trees
【四川广元】— Guang’an is a beautiful city, isn’t it? — Yes, There are about two ______ visitors here every week. A. thousands of B. thousands C. thousand
【2013云南中考】— How many people were invited to the meeting? — About six ____. A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of 【2013雅安】We planted _______ trees last year.
A. hundreds of B. hundred of C. five hundreds D. five hundred of
【2013乌鲁木齐】The number of the cars in our neighborhood is about eight____, and ____ of them are new cars. A. hundred; two thirds B. hundred; two thirds C. Hundreds; two thirds D. hundreds; two third 【2013宜宾】—“Food Safety” has become one of the hottest topics recently. —Yeah, it receives __________ Internet hits(点击) a day.
A. thousands
B. thousand of C. thousands of
D. ten thousands
8. I hope to see him sing live one day! 我希望有一天能现场听他唱歌！ 【解析1】hope v 希望
(1)hope to do sth. 希望做某事 I hope ______ (see) you again. (2)hope +that 从句 I hope you may succeed (3)I hope so 我希望是这样 (4)I hope not 我希望不是这样
【注】：不能说 hope sb. to do sth 但可以说 wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事 hope/wish辨析:
wish一般表示某种强烈而又难以实现的“愿望”， hope表示的是可以实现或能达到的“希望”。 ① I hope to see you soon. 我希望很快就见到你。
② I wish I （be）back home, I don’t like this place. 【解析2】live 现场直播的；实况直播的
I hope to see the Olypic Games live in 2016! 我希望2016年能到现场去看奥运会。 The number of records he has sold. 他已售出唱片的数量。 【解析】 the number of
⑴ the number of 表示“……的数目” ，后跟名词复数或代词，其后的谓语动词用单数。 现在完成时： 1.概念：
过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.时间状语： recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, already ,yet ,never ,ever, just, before, so far ,once, twice etc.
⑵a number of 表示“大量的，许多” ，后跟复数名词，其后谓语动词用复数。 ( ) — A number of students ____ in the dinning hall. — Let me count. The number of the students _____ about 400. A. are ; is B. is ;are C. are; are
【2011四川达州】25.—How many______ teachers are there in your school? — _____ them _____ over two hundred. A. woman; The number of; is B. women; The number of; is C. woman; A number of; is D. women; A number of; are
【2013贵州安顺1】In our school library there ___ a number of books on science, and in these years the number of them ___ growing larger and larger. A. are; is B.is; are C.have; are D.has; is 10. Where is she from? 她来自哪里？
【解析】be from =come from 来自She is from France=She comes from France. 【注】be from 构成否定句时，在be 后加not;构成疑问句时，将be 提起。 come from 构成否定句或疑问句时，要借助助动词do或does. (1)Her pen pal is from China.=Her pen pal _________China.
(2) My classmate is not from China.=My classmate___________China.
( ) Li Yan is my friend. She comes ____ a small village. A.on B.with C.of D.from 11. Have you introduced this singer/ writer to other?你给其他人介绍过这个歌手/作家吗？ 【解析】 introduce v 介绍；引进
(1) introduce oneself to sb. 向某人作自我介绍 Let me introduce myself to you. (2) introduce A to B.把A介绍给B May I introduce my friend Jim to you? (3) introduce into 引进
( ) —Hello ,everyone! —Please let me ______.
A. introduce my name B. introduce myself C. to introduce myself D. introduce to myself 12. At the end of the day, the bus brought us back to our school.傍晚的时候，公共汽车带我们回到了我们的学校。 【解析】(1) in the end =at last =finally 最后，终于
(2) at the end of 在….的结尾（反）at the beginning of 在……开始 【既可用来表示时间， 也可以用来表示地点】
at the end of the speech 在演讲结束时 at the end of the road 在路的尽头 (3).by the end of 在…..结束时，常与过去完成时连用(had+过去分词) ①My father agreed with me ________（最后），and bought me a little dog. ( ) ② I tried many times,______ I succeeded.
A. on the end B. in the end C. by the end D. at the end3.基本结构： have/has + done 4.否定形式： have/has + not +done. 5.一般疑问句： 把have或has放于句首。
6.反义疑问句： 直接用has /have 进行反问 7. 与时间段连用时，短暂性动词应改为相应的延续性动词。
go out----be out finish-----be over leave ----be away from buy ----have borrow /lend -----keep
open ---be open close---be closed die---dead start/begin ----be on join—--be in /be a member of /be a soldier become –be make friend ---be friend get up ---be up fall asleep ---be asleep catch a cold – have a cold A. borrowed B. kept C. have borrowed D. have kept 【解析2】 bring back (v+adv) 使回想起；使回忆起
( ) Our excellent service ______ our guests _____ year after year.
reach/get/arrive---stay/be
Unit 10 I ’ve had this bike for three years.
1. I’ve had it for three years. 我拥有它三年了。
【解析】for +一段时间 表示动作持续一段时间,用于现在完成时
【2012甘肃鸡西市1】 She_____ her hometown for many years. No one nearly knows her. A. has been away from B. has left C. had left
【2012湖北十堰2】Ben is a foreign teacher. So far, he __ in Shiyan for five years.
A. was teaching B. has taught
C. will teach
D. taught
Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories. 艾米想保留她的那些旧东西，因为它们能使她想起甜蜜的回忆。
【解析1】keep （kept ; kept）保留 keep 用法归纳如下：
一、用作系动词，意为“保持（某种状态）”，其后常接形容词作表语。 Please keep quiet / silent! 请保持安静！ 二、用作实义动词，
⑴. 保管；保存；保留 Please keep these things for me while I am away. ⑵. 赡养；饲养 I used to keep sheep in my childhood. ⑶ 坚持；继续 接V-ing 形式作宾语。
If you keep practicing your spoken English, you'll soon make great progress. ⑷ 阻止；阻碍 keep sb/sth from doing sth 其中介词 from 不能省略。 The heavy rain didn't keep them from watching the football match.
⑸ 保持。 其后常接复合宾语，表示使（某人或某物）保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。 ① keep + sb/sth + 介词。 If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets. ② keep + sb/sth + 形容词。 These gloves will keep your hands warm. ③ keep + sb/sth + V-ing ，“让某人 / 某物一直……”，强调动作的持续性。 I'm sorry I've kept you waiting. 很抱歉，让你久等了。 【短语】
keep a record 保持记录， keep in touch (with)保持与……的联系 keep out (of) 把……关在外面， keep up 保持；使……不能入睡 keep one's / an eye on密切注视 keep away (from) 离开 keep in mind 牢记 keep one's word 遵守诺言
【2013山东济南3】 —Could I __________ your iPad, Alice? —Of course. Here you are. A. lend B. keep C. borrow D. return 【2013贵州安顺2】“Did you borrow the comic book from the library?” “ Yes. I _____ it for three days. I’ll return it this afternoon.
A. bring; down B. bring; back C. bring; in D. bring; up
3. You can also give old things away to people in need. 你也能捐赠旧东西给那些需要的人们。 【解析】 in need 需要；需求
【拓展】in danger 在危险中 in trouble在困境中
in silence 在沉默中 in good health 在好的健康状态中A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情 4. Because I don’t read it anymore . 因为我不用再读了。
【解析】no more ;not … anymore/ no longer ;not... any longer不再 词语 同义词 用法 no longer not… any longer 强调时间或动作“不再延续” , 与延续性动词连用 no more not … any more 强调数量和程度“不再增加” , 与非延续性动词连用 位置区别： 当修饰动词时，no longer通常置于be或行为动词前；no more一般置于行为动词后。 not... any longer与not... any more常置于句末。 He can no longer walk. = He can’t walk any longer
The little girl no more cried. = The little girl didn’t cry any more.
( ) It is late. We can not wait him _____. A. any more B. no more C. more 5. Because I’ve had it since I was a baby. 因为自从我很小的时候我就有它了。 【解析】since 自从
Since +从句（一般过去时），主句用现在完成时 He has studied very hard since he came to our school. 【辨析】since 与for 在现在完成时态中的用法： since 其后接时间点或时态为一般过去时的句子，表示某事是从什么时候开始的 I’ve been a soldier since two years ago for 其后接时间段，表示某事持续了多长时间 I’ve been a soldier for two years. 【2011天津】My grandmother ___ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here. A．sees B. can see C. will see D. has seen 【2011贵州毕节】I ______ many new friends since I came here．
A．make B．made C．will make D．have made
【2013上海】—_______ have you been in the sports club? —Since the first month I came to the school. A. How old B. How long C. How much D. How soon
6. I have something for the kids, 我有一些孩子们的东西。 【解析】for 给；为了 介词for用法归纳
用法1：(表目的)为了。They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。 用法2：(表利益)为，为了。 What can I do for you? 你想要我什么？
【2013上海4】The chemicals in the vegetables and fruit are bad ____ our health. A. from
B. with
C .of
D. for