1.quality n．质量；品质；性质 2.mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 3．principle n．法则；原则；原理 4.out of work失业 5．attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击 6.as a matter of fact事实上 7．turn to求助于；致力于 8.lose heart丧失勇气或信心 9．escape vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；避开 10.come to power当权；上台 11．set up设立；建立 12.opinion n．意见；看法；主张 13．president n．总统；会长；校长；行长 14.vote vt.& vi.投票；选举 n．投票；选票；表决 15．in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 16.guidance n．指导；领导→guide v．指导 重点识记词汇 17．beg vi.请求；乞求→beggar n．乞丐 18．sentence vt.判决；宣判→be sentenced to被判处……(徒刑) 19．self n．自我；自身→selfish adj.自私的→selfless adj.无私的；忘我的 20．cruelty n．残忍；残酷→cruel adj.残忍的；残酷的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地 21．generous adj.慷慨的；大方的→generously adv.慷慨地；大方地→generosity n．慷慨；大方 22．hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的→hopeless adj.没有希望的 23．peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peace n．和平；平静；和睦 24．equal adj.相等的；平等的→equally adv.平等地；同等地→equality n．平等；同等 25．willing adj.乐意的；自愿的→unwilling adj.不愿意的→will n．意志；遗嘱 26．educate vt.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育 27．legal adj.法律的；依照法律的→illegal adj.(反义词)非法的；违法的 28．devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的→devotion n．奉献 29．unfair adj.不公正的；不公平的→fair adj.(反义词)公正的；公平的 30．active adj.积极的；活跃的→activity n．活动 31．violence n．暴力；暴行→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的 32．reward n．报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏→rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有回报的 33．terror n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动→terrified adj.感到恐惧的；受惊吓的 34．relative n．亲戚；亲属→relation n．关系；血缘关系；亲属→relationship n．关系 1.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我必背经典句式 们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。 2．...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. ……只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。 3．He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep. 他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。 4.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。 必背经典句式 5.The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work. 我能找到工作的原因是我工作努力。 6．They were not cleverer than me，but they did pass their exams. 他们不如我聪明但又确实通过了考试。 il/im/in/ir- illegal /I′li?ɡ?l/ adj.不合法的；非法的；犯法的 构词impatient /Im′peI?nt/ adj.不耐烦的；焦躁的 记忆 inability /?In?′bIl?tI/ n．[U]无能；无力；不能 irrelevant /I′rel?v?nt/ adj.无关紧要的；不相关的
Ⅰ.词汇与派生 A．语境填词
1．The company attaches much importance to the quality(质量)of their products. 2．He gave the children some chocolate to reward(奖赏)them for behaving well. 3．The prisoners attempted to escape(逃走) from prison，but in vain. 4．Another equally(同样地)important function of advertising is to inform. 5．He became a citizen，thereby gaining the right to vote(选举)．
6．I became worried when I heard that he had been attacked(袭击)by an animal on the way home. 7．Bill Gates is a generous(大方的)person，who has given millions of dollars to help many poor children.
8．It does serious harm to children’s character that too much violence(暴力) is shown on television.
9．The teacher encouraged students to take an active(积极的) attitude towards discussions. 10．She is very mean(吝啬的) with money.She wouldn’t give a cent to help the poor child.
B．用所给词的适当形式填空
11．He is willing to major in medicine against his parents’ will.(will) 12．The soldier died peacefully for the peace of the world.(peace) 13．The visitors were terrified at the terrors of the terrorists in Tibet.(terror) 14．My uncle believes that all men are born equal.But traveling around the world，he finds that in some countries，what is called equality doesn’t really mean equal rights for all people.(equal) 15．There is no excuse to say that dangerous creatures deserve to be treated cruelly on account of their own cruelty；they are not really cruel，for they tear and kill not from love of unkindness，but because they must do so in order to live.(cruel)
16．I feel hopeful that the New Hope Primary School will be completed this month，but he feels hopeless.I hope that all school-age children can study at school.(hope)
17．Miss White，a devoted friend of mine，devoted all her energy to her career and her devotion to the children made us vote for her and she was promoted to headmistress.(devote) 18．He was generous and he treated them with generosity and thoughtfulness.(generously) 19．A child receives its early education at home.A well educated mother will have a great influence on her child’s future.(educate)
Ⅱ.短语运用
A．用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空
escape ?doing? sth.，lose heart，turn to，be willing to do，come to power，reward sb.with sth.，set up，be sentenced to，devote...to...，be equal to 20．Having got involved in a theft，he was sentenced to five years in prison. 21．We decided to set up a fund for the Hope Project. 22．With no one to turn to in such a frightening situation，she felt very helpless. 23．The greatest test of courage on earth is to bear defeat without losing heart. 24．Most people think that things have changed for the better since the new government came to power. 25．He has been devoting his whole life to benefiting mankind. 26．Any man will be equal to the task，so long as he is careful. 27．We were lucky to escape being punished. 28．She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with a smile. 29．I am willing to work as an unpaid hand for the sports meeting to be held next week.
B．用方框内所给短语填空
as a matter of fact，in prison，in trouble，out of work
30．It is hard for her to support the family because she is out of work. 31．It’s important to learn to take a positive attitude to life when you are in trouble. 32．As a matter of fact，no language is very easy to learn.Keep up，everything will be OK. 33．That young woman went to the prison to see her husband in prison.
Ⅲ.经典句式
34．Only when all of us help the people in the earthquake area will they return to their normal life quickly.
只有当我们所有人帮助地震灾区的人们时他们才能很快恢复正常的生活。 35．The first time I interviewed him，he looked a bit nervous. 我第一次去采访他时，他看起来有点紧张。
36．I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own. 我已经到了应该自己作出决定的人生阶段。
37．They should have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. 他们本应该午饭时到达，但是飞机晚点了。 38．He does speak English well! 他英语说得的确好。
1 devote v.献身；致力；专心于；把……用于?give most of...to? [应试指导] 过去分词作定语、状语的考查 devote...to...把……致力于……，专心于…… devoted adj.忠实的 be devoted to致力于，献身于；热爱…… devotion n.奉献；关照 You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work. 除非你全心全意地去工作，否则你将永远不会获得成功。(湖南，26) Alanna has always shown intense devotion to her children. 阿兰娜一直非常钟爱她的孩子们。 [夯实基础]
(1)用devote的适当形式填空
①He is highly thought of because of his devotion to duty. ②His life is one devoted to the people.
(2)He devoted himself to community activities and was praised by the people around.
①Devoting himself to community activities，he was praised by the people around.(用现在分词短语作原因状语改写句子)
②Devoted to community activities，he was praised by the people around. (用过去分词短语作原因状语改写句子)
2 position n.姿势；位置，方位；职位；地位；观点；态度；v.安置；安装 [应试指导] 作先行词时定语从句关系词的考查 in one’s position处于某人的位置?状况? in position在适当的位置 out of position不在适当的位置 take the position that...认为…… One can find his position in life in his own way. 一个人可以用自己的方式找到在生活中的位置。(浙江·阅读D) Leave the bandage in position until the doctor tells you to remove it. 让绷带保持原样，直到医生叫你拆掉为止。 [特别提醒]
当position后跟定语从句且position在从句中作状语时，引导词应用where。 [夯实基础] 语法填空
(1)If you were in my position，what would you do then?
(2)Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
3 allow v.允许；准许
[应试指导] 后跟非谓语动词的考查