攻读硕士学位研究生（作业）封面
（ 2012至2013学年度第二学期）
题 目 科 目 姓 名 专 业 入学年月
简短评语 成绩： 授课教师签字：
英语专业研究生开题报告、学位论文参考文献规范
一、文献目录应另页书写，外文文献编排在前，中文文献排后。 二、文献目录一律按作者姓氏外文字母或汉语拼音顺序排列。 三、每条文献必须顶格写，回行时空两个汉字或四个英文字符。
四、引文文献中外文文献的书名、所载的期刊名、论文集名及博士论文名用斜体、首字母大写。英文论文题目（不用斜体）中的第一个字母大写，其他字母一律小写。（Times New Roman，五号，1.5倍行距）。
五、每一参考文献后加注文献类别标号，具体如下： 文献类别 专著 论文集 论文集内文章(即专著、论文集的析出文献) 期刊文章 尚未出版之会议论文 博士论文 标号）： ．．
标号 [M] [C] 解释 M=Monograph C=Collection 文献类别 文科硕士论文 哲学硕士论文 标号 [MA] [MP] 解释 MA=Master of Arts MP=Master of Philosophy MS=Master of Science N=Newspaper W=Website S=Standard R=Report [A] [J] [P] [D] A=Analysis J=Journal P=Paper D=Doctoral Dissertation 理科硕士论文 报纸文章 因特网文章 标准 报告 [MS] [N] [W] [S] [R] 六、英文参考文献用国际APA格式。格式如下（所有参考文献请按第五条要求加注文献类别．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (APA) FORMAT (5th Edition)
This crib sheet is a guide to the APA style. It is not intended to replace the Publication Manual of
the American Psychological Association, 5th edition. Only selected citations were chosen for inclusion here. For other examples see the printed Manual. Use this only as a reference.
Journal Article, One Author
Simon, A. (2000). Perceptual comparisons through the mind’s eye. Memory & Cognition [J], 23, 635-647.
Journal Article, Two Authors
Becker, M. B., & Rozek, S. J. (1995). Welcome to the energy crisis. Journal of Social Issues [J], 32, 230-343.
Magazine Article, one author
Garner, H. J. (1997, July). Do babies have a universal song? Psychology Today [J],102, 70-77.
Newspaper Article, No Author
Study finds free care used more. (1982, April 3). Wall Street Journal [N], pp. A1, A25.
Book, Two Authors
Strunk, W., & White, E. B. (1979). The elements of style [M] (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan.
Edited Book
Letheridge, S., & Cannon, C. R. (Eds.). (1980). Bilingual education [C]. New York: Praeger.
Article or Chapter in an Edited Book, Two Editors
Sheets, B. (2006). The cost of lingering arm injuries. In B. Selig,. & W. Selig (Eds.), A
compilation of long stories [A] (pp. 211-234). Milwaukee, WI: MB Press.
ERIC Document
Peterson, K. (2002). Welfare-to-work programs: Strategies for success (Report No. EDO-JC-02-04). Washington D.C.: Office of Educational Research and Improvement. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED467985)
Entry in an Encyclopedia
Imago. (2000). In World Book Encyclopedia (Vol. 10, p. 79). Chicago: World Book Encyclopedia.
Report from a Private Organization
Kimberly-Clark. (2002). Kimberly-Clark (Annual Report) [P]. Dallas, TX: Author.
Dissertation
Darling, C. W. (1976). Giver of due regard: the poetry of Richard Wilbur [P]. Unpublished
doctoral dissertation, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.
Darling, C. W. (1976). Giver of due regard: the poetry of Richard Wilbur. Dissertation Abstracts International [P], 44, 4465. (AAD44-8794)
Videotape
Mass, J. B. (Producer), & Gluck, D. H. (Director). (1979). Deeper into hypnosis. (Motion picture). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Electronic Formats
Internet Article Based on Print Source
The citation is done as if it were a paper article and then followed by a retrieval statement that identifies the date retrieved and source.
Sahelian, R. (1999, January). Achoo! Better Nutrition, 61, 24. Retrieved September 17, 2001, from Academic Index.
Web Page with Private Organization as Author
Midwest League. (2003). Pitching, individual records [W]. Retrieved October 1, 2003, from http://www.midwestleague.com/indivpitching.html
Chapter or Section in an Internet Document
Thompson, G. (2003). Youth coach handbook[W]. In Joe soccer. Retrieved September 17, 2004, from http://www.joesoccer.com/menu.html
Web page, Government Author
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. (2001). Glacial habitat restoration areas. [W] Retrieved September 18, 2001, from
http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/land/wildlife/hunt/hra.htm
Company Information from Aggregated Database
Ripon Pickle Company Inc. (company profile). (2003). Retrieved September 18, 2002, from Business and Company Resource Center.
Ingersoll-Rand Company Limited (company profile). (2004). In Hoovers. Retrieved April 29, 2004, from Lexis-Nexis.
Personal Communications
Personal communications may be things such as email messages, interviews, speeches, and telephone conversations.
Because the information is not retrievable they should not appear in the reference list. They should look as follows: Example: J. Burnitz (personal communication, September 20, 2000) indicated that .… or In a recent interview (J. Burnitz, personal communication, September 20, 2000) I learned that ….
Reference Citations in Text
To refer to an item in the list of references from the text, an author-date method should be used. That is, use the surname of the author (without suffixes) and the year of the publication in the text at appropriate points.
Example: Researchers have indicated that more is expected of students in higher education (Hudson, 2001) and secondary education (Taylor & Hornung, 2002).
One author Issac (2001) indicated in his research..
In a recent study, research indicates (Isaac, 2001) Two or more authors When a work has two authors, always cite both names every time the reference occurs. For works with three, four, or five authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs. In subsequent citations, include only the last name of the first author followed by et al.
When a work has no authors Cite in text the first few words of what appears first for the entry on the list (usually the title) and the year.
Specific parts of a source (Yount & Molitor, 1982, p. 19) (Cooper, 1983, chap. 4) Works with no author (“New Student Center,” 2002)
For more detailed information to illustrate the use of parenthetical citations, consult this University of Wisconsin page. http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/DocAPACitations.html
For information on formatting a term paper using APA guidelines, consult this page. A sample title page for term papers.
Some general rules for APA reference pages:
? Begin the reference list on a new page. The page begins with the word References (Reference if there is only one), centered in the top, middle of the page, using both upper and lower case. If the references take up more than one page, do not re-type the word References on sequential pages, simply continue your list.
? Use one space after all punctuation.
? The first line of the reference is flush left. Lines thereafter are indented as a group, a few spaces, to create a hanging indention.
? Double space between citations. Single space in the citations.
? Use italics for titles of books, newspapers, magazines, and journals.
? References cited in text must appear in the reference list; conversely, each entry in the reference list must be cited in text.
? Arrange entries in alphabetical order
? Give in parentheses the year the work was published. For magazines and
newspapers, give the year followed by the month and date, if any. If no date is available, write (n.d.)
? Give volume numbers for magazines, journals, and newsletters. Include the issue number for journals if and only if each issue begins on page 1. Last updated February 22, 2007
More details can be found in http://www.psywww.com/resource/apacrib.htm 七、中文引文文献格式如下： （一）以《现代外语》格式为准。
（二）中文文献目录中的书名、期刊名和论文集名用书名号《》。（中文，宋体，小五号，1.5倍） 1、期刊式：作者姓名，出版年代，论文题目，《期刊名》，期刊期号，论文页码范围。 例：程工，1999，名物化与向心结构理论新探 [J]，《现代外语》第2期，128-144。 2、专著式：作者姓名，出版年代，《书名》[M]，出版地：出版社。
例：方立，1993，《美国理论语言学研究》[M]，北京：北京语言学院出版社。
3、编著论文式：作者姓名，出版年代，论文题目[A]，《编著或文集名》[文献类别标号]，编著者姓名，