U1重点词汇讲解
put pressure on 给??施加压力
put pressure on sb. to do sth. 给某人施加压力做某事，迫使某人做某事
Industrial development has put (great) pressure on the environment. 工业发展已给环境带来了（巨大的）压力。
Their parents were putting pressure on them to get married. 他们的父母正对他们施加压力，要求他们结婚。 拓展：
under pressure from 在来自??的压力下 pressure sb. into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事
on top of 另外，此外；在顶部，在最上面；（危险或威胁）非常接近，逼近 He gets commission on top of his salary. 他除了薪水之外还拿佣金。 Put this record on top of the others. 把这张唱片放在其他唱片上面。 The truck was almost on top of us. 那辆卡车几乎把我们撞倒。
claim
[vt.] 要求（拥有）；索取；认领；宣称；声称；断言；赢得；取得；夺走，夺去（生命） [n.] 声明；宣称；断言；（财产、土地等的）所有权；（向公司，政府等的）索赔；索款 claim responsibility/ innocence/ credit 声称有责任/无辜/有功劳
claim benefit/ an allowance/ damages 申领救济金/补助/赔偿金
The earthquake claimed thousands of lives/ victims. 地震夺去了数以千计的罹难者的生命。
It was claimed that some doctors were working 80 hours a week. 有人断言有些医生每周工作80个小时。
Doctors claimed to have discovered a cure for the disease. 医生们宣称已经发现了治愈这种病的方法。 After the Duke’s death, his eldest son claimed the title. 公爵死后，其长子要求继承爵位。
The issue of a united Taiwan continues to claim our undivided attention. 台湾统一这一问题值得我们继续密切关注。
The singer made a claim that they would not leave the band. 歌手声称他们不会离开乐队。 a claim for $2000 索赔两千美元
His claim to ownership is invalid. 他对所有权的声明是无效的。
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target
(1) [vt.] 将??作为目标 (2) [n.] 攻击对象；目标
missiles targeted on American and European cities. 瞄向美国和欧洲城市的导弹。
The sales campaign is targeted at the youth market. 销售活动以年轻人市场为目标。
I’ve set myself a target of saving $20 a month. 我给自己定了每月存20美圆的目标。 a target area/ audience/ group/ market 特别针对的领域/听众/群体/市场
at risk
处于危险状态
The future of the whole company is at risk now. 现在整个公司的前途正处在危险状态。
He saved the child at considerable risk to himself/ to his own life. 他冒着极大的生命危险救了那个孩子。 拓展：
at one’s own risk 自担风险
put … at risk 冒??之风险
at the risk of doing sth. 冒着干??的危险 take/ run the risk of doing sth. 冒着??之险 risk doing sth. 冒险做??
If you do so, you will put your own life at risk. 如果你这样做，你会使自己的生命受到威胁。 I wouldn’t run the risk of losing my job and my fame. 我不能冒失去工作和名誉的风险。
Do you think the mountain is worth risking climbing? 你认为值得冒险爬这山吗？
without doubt 毫无疑问
without doubt=beyond doubt
He is without/ beyond doubt the cleverest student I’ve ever taught. 他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的。 She is without/ beyond doubt a great musician. 她无疑是一位伟大的音乐家。 拓展：
I don’t doubt that … 我不怀疑?? I doubt whether/ if … 我怀疑是否?? I have no doubt that … 我不怀疑??
I have some doubt whether … 我怀疑是否?? There is no doubt about … 毫无疑问??
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no doubt 无疑，很可能
No doubt she’ll call us when she gets there. 她到达那儿时必定会我们打电话。
I have no doubt that I have made a good decision. 我不怀疑我做出了一个好的决定。
switch
[n.] 开关，闸；（尤指突然彻底的）改变，转变 [vi, vt.] （使）改变，转变，突变；交换，对调 press the on/ off switch 按通断开关
make a switch from learning to teaching 从学习到教授的转变
a switch in method/ policy/ opinion 主意/政策/观点的改变
switch the conversation to a different topic 改变谈话的话题
Could you switch the TV over? 你能把电视换个台吗？
Parents and children should switch roles (with each other) occasionally. 父母和孩子之间有时应互换角色。
You drive first and then we’ll switch round/ over. 你先开车，过会我们轮着开。 switch on/ off the gas/ light 开/关煤气/电
dependent
[adj.] 依靠的，依赖的；随??而定的
be dependent on/ upon sb./ sth. (for sth.) 依靠的；依赖的 be dependent on/ upon sth.= be addicted to sth. 对??有瘾的 be dependent on/ upon sth. 受??的影响；取决于 You can’t be dependent on your parents all your life. 你不可能一辈子靠父母生活。 to be dependent on drugs/ alcohol 有毒瘾/酒瘾
A child’s development is dependent on many factors. 孩子的成长受多种因素的影响。
in debt 负债
拓展:
get into debt 负债 be out of debt 不负债 pay off debts 偿清债务
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be in sb.’s debt 欠某人的人情债；受某人的恩惠；感激某人
repay
[vt.] 偿还；报答，回报；值得 to repay a debt/ loan 偿还债务/贷款
How can I ever repay you for your generosity? 你对我这么慷慨，我怎么才能报答你呢？ The report repays careful reading. 这份报告值得仔细阅读。
interest
[vt.] 使??感兴趣
[n.] 兴趣，爱好；利息，利润
I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道情况会怎样。 I find no interest in such things. 我对这些不感兴趣。
His two great interests in life are music and painting. 他一生中的两大爱好是音乐和绘画。
These reforms were in the best interests of local government. 这些改革对地方政府最有利。 拓展：
have an interest in sth./ in doing sth. 对某方面有兴趣（关心）；在??中有股份、权益等 develop/ find/ feel interest in sth./ in doing sth. 在某方面培养/有兴趣
show/ take (an) interest in sth./ in doing sth. 对??表示关心（有兴趣） lose interest in sth./ in doing sth. 对某方面失去兴趣
be interested in sth./ in doing sth. 对??感兴趣（关心）
比较：
advantage, benefit, interest与profit
四个词语的意思都表示“优势”、“好处”、“利益”，但是区别较大。
advantage 这个“好处”往往是由条件、地位优越于其他人和事物而获得的“好处”或“利益”， 不是指物质方面的好处。 It will be a great advantage for you to practice spoken English before you go to America. 在去美国之前练练口语对你是有好处的。
profit “利润”、“赢利”，着重强调经济上的好处。 He sold it at a considerable profit. 他以相当可观的利润把它出售了。
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interest 可以指“利息”也可以指“利益”。（注意表示“利息”时只能用单数）。 I am speaking entirely in your interests. 我说的全都是为了你好。
benefit 的意思比较广泛，泛指物质或精神方面的好处。 I have read the book several times and benefit much from it. 那本书我读了多遍，从中获益不少。 We do not derive any benefit from the work. 我们并不从这项工作中获得任何利益。
weaken
[vt.& vi.] （使）变弱，削弱 The team has been weakened by injury. 这个队因伤实力削弱。 She felt her legs weaken. 她觉得两腿无力。
You must not agree to do it. Don’t weaken. 你们一定不能同意做这件事。别心软。 拓展：
“-en” 为后缀，表示
（1）“使；使成为；变得”，如：blacken 使变黑 sadden 使悲伤 （2）“由??制成的；像??一样的”，如wooden 木制的 golden 金的
Squeeze
[n.] 拮据，紧缺；挤压 v. 挤压；威胁；给??造成财务困难 a credit squeeze/ economic squeeze 贷款紧缩/ 经济拮据
She’s just lost her job, so she is really feeling the squeeze. 她失业了，所以她真正感到了经济困难。 give the tube of toothpaste a squeeze 挤牙膏
a squeeze of lemon in your drink 在你饮料中挤入柠檬汁
squeeze the water out (of the cloth) 把（布里的）水挤干 squeeze through a crowd 挤过人群
There were already 40 people in the bus, but he managed to squeeze in. 公车上已经有40个人了，但他还是挤了进去。 Can you squeeze past/ by? 你能挤过去吗？
I’ve a busy morning but I could squeeze you in at 10.15. 我忙了一早上，但还是能挤出时间在十点一刻见你。
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