课标高考英语核心语法复习汇编 提纲列表式归纳,课标考点分项练。 八、汉译英(注意数词的正确运用)。(5×4=20分) 1. 我的家离学校步行只有10分钟的路程。
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2. 我的家乡自20世纪90年代以来发生了巨大变化。
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3. 这次交通事故发生在4月14日下午4点钟。
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4. 西安城墙是12米宽,12米高。
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5. 我们学校新图书馆比那个旧图书馆大三倍。
____________________________________________________________________________ 九、一句多译(2×5=10分)。 — 现在几点钟了?(写出3种表达) 1) ________________________________ 2) ________________________________ 3) ________________________________ — 现在是3点55分。(写出3种表达) 1) ________________________________ 2) ________________________________ 3) ________________________________
Practice makes perfect.
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课标高考英语核心语法复习汇编 提纲列表式归纳,课标考点分项练。
名词
一. 备考目标题型及考点点拨
完形填空:名词词义在语境中的辨用,占本题权重三分之一左右。 语法填空:根据所给提示词写出适宜语境的名词形式(构词法),或者根据所给名词写出该名
词的复数、所有格形式或者适宜语境的其他相关词形。
【高考真题集锦】
(2015课标卷1) I‘d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking …in so many Chinese 65
(painting).
答案:paintings.(名词复数)
(2015课标卷2) In addition to… is their __63___(able) to ―air condition‖ a house …. 答案:ability(构词法,形容词转名词)
(2015课标卷2) As __69__(nature) architects…
答案:natural(构词法,名词转形容词) 短文改错:名词单复数的正确使用。
书面表达:正确使用名词,分清不可数和单复数。
二.概念:万物皆有名。名词是表示人, 事物, 地点或抽象概念的名称的词, 有专有名词和普通名词之分, 还有可数名词与不可数名词之分。 三. 核心知识
1. 名词复数的规则变化 情况 一般情况 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾 以ce, se, ze,等结尾 以辅音字母+y结尾 构成方法 加 -s 加 -es 加 -s 变y 为i再加es 读音 清辅音后读/s/ 浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ 读 /iz/ 读 /iz/ 读 /z/ map-maps bag-bags /car-cars bus-buses/ watch-watches license-licenses baby---babies 例词 2. 其它名词复数的规则变化
1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。例如: two Marys the Henrys
monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays 2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:
a. 加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos; b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero---zeros / zeroes。 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:
a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs; b. 去f, fe 加ves,如:half---halves
knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves;
c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。 3.名词复数的不规则变化 1) child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men woman---women
Practice makes perfect.
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课标高考英语核心语法复习汇编 提纲列表式归纳,课标考点分项练。
注意:由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。 2) 单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但
除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。 3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4) 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。 b. news 为不可数名词。
c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。例如: The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。
5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量
词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。
6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。 4. 不可数名词量的表示 1)物质名词
a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。
比较:Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数)
These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)
b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,可数。例如: This factory produces steel. (不可数) We need various steels. (可数)
c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。例如:
Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。 Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。
2) 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如:
four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量,如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一则建议。 5. 定语名词的复数
名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语。例如:
sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室
talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系
2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如: men workers women teachers gentlemen officials 3) 有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。例如:
goods train (货车) arms produce 武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷
4) 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如:
Practice makes perfect.
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课标高考英语核心语法复习汇编 提纲列表式归纳,课标考点分项练。 two-dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路
two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计划 6. 不同国籍人的单复数 国籍 中国人 瑞士人 澳大利亚人 俄国人 意大利人 希腊人 法国人 日本人 美国人 印度人 加拿大人 德国人 英国人 瑞典人 总称(谓语用复数) the Chinese the Swiss the Russians the Italians the Greek the French the Japanese the Americans the Indians the Canadians the Germans the English the Swedish a Swiss a Russian an Italian a Greek a Frenchman a Japanese an American an Indian a Canadian a German an Englishman a Swede 单数 a Chinese 复数 two Chinese two Swiss two Australians two Russians two Italians two Greeks two Frenchmen two Japanese two Americans two Indians two Canadians two Germans two Englishmen two Swedes the Australians an Australian 7. 名词所有格
英语名词通过在词尾加“‘s”来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a teacher‘s book。名词所有格的规则如下: 1) 单数名词词尾加“'s”,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加“'s”,如the boy's bag 男孩的书包,men's room 男厕所。
2) 若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加“'”,如:the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。
3) 凡不能加“'s”的名词,都可以用“名词+of +名词”的结构来表示所有关系,如:the title of the song
该歌名
4) 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:the barber's 理发店。
5) 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示“分别有”;只有一个's,则表示“共有”。例如:
John's and Mary's rooms(两间) John and Mary's room(一间)
6) 复合名词或短语,'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如:a month or two's absence 8. 名词构词法:动词变名词:词尾加-ing;合成、常用后缀及转化。(略)
Practice makes perfect.
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课标高考英语核心语法复习汇编 提纲列表式归纳,课标考点分项练。
名词练习
一、单句填空 用所给词的适当形式填空(一空一词)
1.Father went to his doctor for_____________ (advise)about his heart trouble.
2. There are ten__________ (woman)teachers and two hundred ________(girl) students in the school. 3. Facing cut-throat ____________ (compete) in all subjects, students must devote as much of their time as possible.
4. I shall never fear difficulty and I shall never know the ___________ (exist) of the word ―failure‖. 5. You‘ll want to know your body language is saying and how to interpret other ____________(people). 6. Not long ago he sent ___________(word) that he would return with his family. 7. She was in London and spent her ____________(young) in China.
8. The ___________ (erupt) of Mount Kilauea, one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii, is always taking people by surprise.
9. His _________ (curious) made him wonder about clouds.
10. Except for some short songs and poems included in his plays, all of ____________ (Shakespeare) greatest poems are sonnet.
11. The number of languages is getting smaller all the time because of the steady ________ (grow) of bigger languages.
12. Tight jeans and trousers, short skirts and even sensible flat shoes may all cause __________ (ill).
13. Reduce the amount of it if you suffered from restlessness or ____________ (sleep) after taking the medicine. 14. I saw many ______________ (Japan) seated in the corner and reading something.
15. You should take more _______________(exercise). Don‘t always sit at the desk busy doing your _____________(exercise).
16.Mrs Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my________________ (appreciate) I decided to get her a present.
17. You have done well and made great achievement in the ____________(entertain) field. 18. These people have made great_______________(contribute) to China with their work.
19. As far as I am concerned, my____________ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English within easy reach.
20. I took out my guide book in which there was a lot of information about the city's well-known tourist___________(attract) and started to read.
21. But some have put forward the idea that the remains date from this period because of their _____________ (similar) to those found elsewhere.\
22. She took me from a poor, unhappy college student and brought me into her world; a world of smiles, love and______________ ( warm )
23. We convey either by words or by actions that failure is something to be ashamed of and that nothing but top performance meets with our ___________ (approve).
24.Some things looked as if they had not been cared for a long time, but I knew their ____________( beautify) was still there beneath their own surface. 二、语篇填空
Some years ago, SARS broke out in the mainland of China, causing some people to be killed or nearly got close to _________(die).The situation was so severe that there was no time to debate who is to blame. The most important thing for the __________(govern) to do is to find out the cause of this deadly disease. They invited__________(expert) in this field to discuss and quite a few____________(suggest)were put forward. Some of the top experts picked out those suggestions and tested them to see whether they were available. Doctor Zhong
Practice makes perfect.
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