内蒙古科技大学 本科生毕业设计说明书
题 目：包头原料条件下3200m3高炉
本体设计及渣铁处理系统的设计
学生姓名：桓新明
学 号：1077145119 专 业：稀土工程
班 级：稀土2010-1班 指导教师：樊文军 副教授
内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书
包头原料条件下3200m3高炉本体及渣铁处理系统设计
摘 要
高炉本体和渣铁处理系统设计是炼铁车间设计的重要部分。设计出一个较好的车间不但可以使高炉生产达到高产，使炼铁设备寿命长久，还可以降低耗能，节约成本，从而达到经济环保的目标，所以本设计，从高炉内型设计、耐火材料、冷却设备及渣铁处理方式的设计均借鉴了国内外先进高炉的情况。设计采用了陶瓷杯炉缸炉底，选择铜冷却壁作为高热负荷区的冷却设备。高炉冷却方式采用软水密闭循环进行冷却。风口平台出铁场设计为矩形双出铁场，四铁口平衡布置，渣铁沟布置合理，铁水摆动流嘴，出铁场平坦化，炉前设备选型机械化程度高，选用除尘设施改善出铁场操作环境。
关键词：高炉；设计；耐火材料；冷却设备；渣铁
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内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书
The Design of 3200 m3 Blast Furnace Ontology and
The Slag and Iron Processing System Under the Raw Material
Conditions in Baotou
Abstract
The blast furnace body and the slag and iron processing system design is an important part of the iron-smelting plant design. Not only can design a good workshop so that the blast furnace production to achieve high yield, long service life of the iron-smelting equipment, can also reduce energy consumption, cost savings, so as to achieve the goal of economic environmental protection, the design, from the design of blast furnace refractories. the design of cooling equipment and handling of slag and iron were borrowed from domestic and foreign advanced blast furnace. The design uses the hearth and bottom of the ceramic cup, copper stave heat load cooling equipment. The blast furnace cooling method using soft water closed loop cooling. Outlet platform casthouse rectangular double casthouse, four iron port balance arrangement, slag and iron ditch is reasonably arranged, and molten iron to swing stream mouth, a flat field of iron blast furnace equipment selection high degree of mechanization, the choice of the dust removal facilities to improve iron field operating environment.
Key words: blast furnace；design；refractory；cooling equipment；slag and iron
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内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书
目 录
摘 要 ......................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... II 第一章 文献综述 ...................................................................................................................... 1
1.1高炉冶炼概况及发展 .................................................................................................. 1
1.1.1高炉生产主要经济指标技术 ........................................................................... 1 1.1.2炉容大型化及其空间尺寸的发展 ................................................................... 2 1.1.3炉料向精料发展 ............................................................................................... 2 1.1.4提高鼓风温度 ................................................................................................... 2 1.1.5提高炉顶压力 ................................................................................................... 3 1.1.6富氧大喷吹 ....................................................................................................... 3 1.1.7电子计算机的应用 ........................................................................................... 3 1.2高炉本体 ...................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.1高炉炉型发展 ................................................................................................... 3 1.2.2五段式高炉炉型及炉型尺寸 ........................................................................... 3 1.3高炉炉衬 ...................................................................................................................... 5
1.3.1对高炉耐火材料性能要求 ............................................................................... 6 1.3.2各种耐火材料的发展 ....................................................................................... 7 1.4高炉冷却 ...................................................................................................................... 8
1.4.1高炉冷却目的 ................................................................................................... 8 1.4.2冷却介质选择及处理 ....................................................................................... 8 1.4.3合理的冷却结构 ............................................................................................. 10 1.4.4高炉冷却壁的应用现状及其发展 ................................................................. 10 1.5高炉基础 .....................................................................................................................11 1.6 渣铁处理系统的设计 ................................................................................................11
1.6.1炉前操作平台 ..................................................................................................11 1.6.2炉前设备 ......................................................................................................... 14 1.7铁水处理 .................................................................................................................... 15
1.7.1铁水罐车 ......................................................................................................... 16 1.7.2铸铁机 ............................................................................................................. 17 1.8炉渣处理 .................................................................................................................... 17
1.8.1图拉法水淬渣 ................................................................................................. 17 1.9高炉本体和出铁场设计方案 .................................................................................... 18 第二章 炼铁工艺计算 ............................................................................................................ 19
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内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书
2.1 高炉物料平衡计算 ................................................................................................... 19
2.1.1 原料条件及平衡计算[22] ................................................................................ 19 2.1.2 物料平衡计算 ................................................................................................ 24 2.2 高炉热平衡计算 ....................................................................................................... 28
2.2.1 全炉热平衡 .................................................................................................... 28 2.2.2 高温区热平衡 ................................................................................................ 33 2.3炼铁焦比的计算 ........................................................................................................ 35 3.1 炉缸设计 ................................................................................................................... 37
3.1.1 炉缸尺寸 ........................................................................................................ 37 3.1.2 渣口高度 ........................................................................................................ 37 3.1.3 风口高度 ........................................................................................................ 37 3.1.4 风口结构尺寸 ................................................................................................ 37 3.1.5 风口数目的确定 ............................................................................................ 37 3.1.6 死铁层厚度 .................................................................................................... 38 3.2 炉腰直径D，炉腹角β，炉腹高度h2 .................................................................... 38 3.3 炉喉直径d1，炉喉高度h5，炉身角α，炉身高度h4，炉腰高度 h3 .................. 38 3.4 校核炉容 ................................................................................................................... 39 3.5 炉顶高度h6，全高H ............................................................................................... 39 第四章 炉衬设计 .................................................................................................................... 42
4.1 高炉各部位耐火材料的选择 ................................................................................... 42
4.1.1 炉缸及炉底部 ................................................................................................ 42 4.1.2 炉腹部位、炉腰部位及炉身中下部 ............................................................ 42 4.1.3 炉身上部及炉喉部位 .................................................................................... 42 4.2 炉衬砌筑 ................................................................................................................... 43
4.2.1 炉缸及炉底部位的砌筑 ................................................................................ 43 4.2.2 炉腹部位砌筑 ................................................................................................ 44 4.2.3 炉腰部位砌筑 ................................................................................................ 44 4.2.4 炉身部位砌筑 ................................................................................................ 44
第五章 高炉冷却设备的选择 ................................................................................................ 46
5.1炉底炉缸冷却设备的选择 ........................................................................................ 46
5.1.1 炉底冷却设备 ................................................................................................ 46 5.1.2 炉缸侧壁冷却设备 ........................................................................................ 47 5.1.3 炉底，炉缸的砌筑 ........................................................................................ 47 5.2 炉腹冷却设备的选择 ............................................................................................... 47
5.2.1炉腹冷却设备 ................................................................................................. 47
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