基础英语2模拟试题第二套
I. Reading Comprehension Passage One
In every society it is necessary to have a general system of laws to ensure justice. Laws are designed to make certain that people's rights are protected and that people respect each other's rights. Sometimes, however, laws are passed which are specific to a time or situation. For example , a town in Indiana once passed a law making it illegal to shoot open a can of food . Apparently, some gun-carrying citizens forgot their can openers and naturally enough, used their guns to do the job. This disturbed other citizens, and endangered their lives, so a law was passed to prevent it.
Specific laws sometimes remain in existence long after the problem has disappeared. The laws then seem strange. For example , the Indiana law was no longer necessary when citizens stopped carrying guns and using them as can openers. Since the law was no longer needed, what once made sense now seems like nonsense.
Sometimes laws designed to serve a good purpose were passed but somehow these became mixed up in their wording. As a result, the laws don't make sense. In one state there is a law which says that it is \move or to attempt to move a motor vehicle.\massive traffic jam would occur if everyone suddenly obeyed that law . But no one does, of course, because the intention of the law was not to prevent owners from moving their own cars . It was to prevent people from moving (stealing) other people's cars.
It is often harder to repeal （废止）a law than to pass one, so many of these old laws remain in existence. Because they no longer fit the way people live or because the problem no longer exists, these laws are ignored. Everyone understands that and life goes on. Thus, laws that once made very good sense, now seem like nonsense.
1. According to the passage, laws are designed for the purpose of ____________. A. protecting people's rights
B. making people respect each other C. preventing gun-carrying D. punishing criminals
2. The word \ A. working B. shooting
C. preventing gun-carrying D. disturbing others
3. The author used the Indiana law as an example to explain _________. A how some laws are passed and changed B. how people in Indiana open cans C. why some laws may seem strange
D. why people in Indiana no longer use their guns
4. What's the problem with the law concerning motor vehicles? A. It leads to traffic jams. B. It is not clearly written.
C.It is not designed to serve a good purpose.
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D. It has been out of date.
5. We can conclude from the passage that ___________. A. a law system is necessary for every society
B. some laws that don't make sense may also get passed
C.it is more difficult to change the old law than pass a new one D. some laws may seem strange as time passes
Passage Two
“No man is an island,” wrote the poet John Donne several centuries ago. He was acknowledging one of our most distinctive characteristics: the fact that we are social animals whose behavior and personalities are shaped by the groups to which we belong.
Throughout life, most of our daily activities are performed in the company of others. Whether our purpose is working, playing, raising a family, learning, or simply relaxing, we usually pursue it in groups, even if the group is as small as two or three people. Our need for human contacts is not merely a practical one; it is a deep psychological need as well. If people are deprived of the company of others for prolonged periods, mental breakdown is the usual result. Even the Geneva Convention(日内瓦公约)，an international agreement that regulates the treatment of prisoners of war, recognizes this need. It regards solitary(孤独的) imprisonment for more than thirty day as a cruel form of torture(折磨).
In its strictest sense, a group is a collection of people interacting together in an orderly way on the basis of shared expectations about one another's behavior. As result of this interaction, members feel a common sense of “belonging.” They distinguish members from nonmembers and expect certain kinds of behavior from outsiders.
6. By “No man is an island,” John Donne means _____. A.no one can live on an island alone
B.a man is not surrounded by sea on all sides C.a man and an island are irrelevant
D.no one can live in isolation from other people
7. The fact that we work or even play in groups illustrates the point that ________ . A.poeple are different from animals
B.Donne recognized the group to which he belonged C.human beings are social animals
D.human behavior and personalities are formed by others
8. “Breakdown” as used in Line 6, Paragraph 2 most probably denotes ____. A.separation B.collapse C.analysis D.function
9. According to the passage, what is NOT a characteristic of group? A.There are at least two people in it.
B.The members share some common grounds. C.The members work for one purpose.
D.The members interact regularly with each other.
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10. This passage is mainly about _______. A.the importance of human contacts B.pattens of human behavior
C.the importance of human activities D.patterns of human society
Passage Three
1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries.To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuels---though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster.
Travelling at speed has always been dangerous.One advanced area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants. They can ensure you don’t miss important road signs or fall asleep. Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.
Some safety developments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology “sees through” big vehicles blocking your view.
And improvements to seat belts, pedal(脚踏) controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape.
But whatever is in the fuel tank, you don’t want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations(创新). Satellite tracking and remote communications can also come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help.
Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road. Such jams can be analyzed using statistical tools. Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyone’s personal chauffeur(司机), but their latest efforts suggest that won’t be soon.
11. To reduce car crash rate, many scientists are working hard to A. design fully automatic cars. B. develop faster electric vehicles.
C. analyze road deaths occurring worldwide each year. D. improve the safety of cars and develop new fuels.
12. According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happen due to A. heavy traffic. B. human mistakes. C. engine failure. D. bad weather.
13. Which of the following safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision. B. Radars that can help drivers to see obstacles in fog.
C. Devices that can help drivers to see through big vehicles. D. Improvements in seat belts, pedal controls and tyres.
14. Satellite tracking and remote communication systems can be used to
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A. reduce oil consumption.
B. remove the obstacles on the road. C. call for help when one’s car crashes. D. help drivers get out of a traffic jam.
15. Which of the following statements is true of robotic drivers? A. It will take some time before robotic drivers are available. B. Robotic drivers are not allowed to drive on busy roads. C. Robotic drivers can never replace human drivers. D. Robotic drivers are too expensive to use.
II. Vocabulary & Structure
1. What should be done to assure adequate supplies of energy. A. enough B. few C. much D. more
2． The United Kingdom ______ Great Britain and Nothern Ireland.
A. consists from B. consists of C. composes of D. constitutes of
3. When you _____ a team you pick out the people most suitable for it.
A. elect B. select C. urge D. establish
4. Congress is considering measures to ______ the sale of cigarettes.
A. exploit B. reatrict C. award D. pursue
5. __________ my doctor, I decided to give up smoking. A. On the advice of B. By the advice of C. From the advice of D. To the advice of
6. We have worked out a new set of _______ for using this machine. A. processes B. procedures C. productions D. products
7. A fund will be ______ for the dead men's families.
A. set off B. set beside
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C. set up D. set down
8. I woke up to find myself _____ on a hospital bed.
A. lie B. lay C. laid D. lying
9. Wash your hands before you handle the food. A. eat B. get C. wrap D. touch
10. She was deeply ______ by the news of her father's death.
A. affected B. effected C. reflected D. inflected
11. There are good novelists, ____the terrible flood of bad novels and poor work.
A. never mind B. despite C. no matter D. even then
12. How to express the ideas in an advertisement for consumers to_______?
A. identify to B. identify from C. identify within D. indentify with
13. He has _____his lesson ____ the failure and won’t repeat the mistake. A. learned… of B. learned…from C. learned…about D. learned…by
14. An able young man is ashamed to _____ others for assistance. A. look to B. look after C. look for D. look at
15. Miller’s ______ with medieval (中世纪) art dates from her childhood. A. interest B. concern C. imagination D. fascination
16. The rise in power costs has _____ our burden. A. added to
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