2)表请求,用于疑问句。
Will you close the window? It′s a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗?有点冷。 Won′t you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗? 3)表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。 The door won′t open. 这门打不开。
The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. 那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点,看着车辆行人通过。 6. should
1)表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做),用于各种人称。 You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。 You shouldn′t waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。 2)表推测,意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。
The film should be very good as it is starring first—class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的,估计拍得很好。
They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。 7.would 1)表意愿。
They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着旧。
I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。 2)表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。
Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗?
Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗? They wouldn′t have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。 3)表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。 8. ought to
1)表义务,意为“应该”(因责任、义务等该做),口气比should稍重。 You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲,应当管他。 You oughtn′t to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。 2)表推测,暗含很大的可能,语气较弱。
Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。 There′s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞,明天应该是个好天。
9. used to
表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。 He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city.他过去住在乡下,现在住在城里。
There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down. 街道拐角处过去有座楼房,现在拆了。
I usedn′t (didn′t use) to smoke. 我过去不抽烟。
Used you (Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗? (五)其他用法
首先它是动词,而且不同于行为动词,行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作(如写,读,跑),而情态动词只是表达的一种想法(如能,也许,敢)。
用法是:情态动词+行为动词原形
例句:I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。 May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗? Shall we begin now?我们现在就开始吗?
You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。
情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would),have (to) ,had better.
情态动词还有一个很重要的用法,即情态动词表推测——
情态动词表推测的用法小结
(一)情态动词表推测的三种句式
1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定),may(可能),might / could(也许,或许)。www.gkxx.com
(1)He must/may/might know the answer to this question? 他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。
(2)It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating. 屋里很冷,他们肯定把暖气关了。
2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。 (1)It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone toAmerica.
这不可能是校长,他去美国了。
(2)He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家。 3.疑问句中用can/could (能???)。
(1)Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗? (2)Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗?
注:以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式,而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。
(二)情态动词表推测的三种时态
1.对将来情况的推测,用“情态动词 +动词原形”。
(1)She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。
(2)She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.
她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。
2.对现在或一般情况的推测,用“情态动词 + be”,“情态动词 +be doing”或“情态动词 +动词原形”。
(1)He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。
(2)He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time. 这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。
(3)Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ?
布什先生一向准时,这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢?
3.对过去情况的推测,用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。
(1)It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet. 地湿了,昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。
(2)The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .
门锁着,他不可能/可能不在家。 (3)Can / Could he have gotten the book? 难道他找到书了吗?
注:情态动词 should /ought to表推测时,意为“想必会,理应??”但与“have +过去分词”连用时,则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。例如:
(4)It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment. 现在七点钟了,杰克理应随时到达。(推测)
(5)She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. (虚拟) 她本该出席你的生日晚会的,可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。
(6)Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. (虚拟) 汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密,可是他并无恶意。
(六)功能
助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类:基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个:do, have和be;情态助动词基本的有十四个:may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need,