内科学 呼吸系统试题(7)

2019-03-28 13:21

三 论述题

1.(1)吸入性肺脓肿:病原体经口、鼻、咽腔吸入致病。脓肿常为单发,其部位与支气管解剖和体位有关。病原菌多为厌氧菌。

(2)继发性肺脓肿:某些细菌性肺炎、支气管扩张、支气管囊肿、肺结核空洞等可继发感染导致肺脓肿;支气管异物阻塞也可导致肺脓肿;肺部邻近器官的化脓性疾病可波及肺引起肺脓肿。阿米巴肝脓肿易穿破膈肌至右肺下叶,形成阿米巴肺脓肿。

(3)血源性肺脓肿:因皮肤外伤感染、疖、痈等所致的感染中毒症,菌栓经血行播散到肺所致。常为两肺外野多发性脓肿。致病菌常为金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌及链球菌。

2.(1)急性肺脓肿:早期表现为大片浓密模糊浸润影,边不清,分布一个或数个肺段;肺组织坏死、脓肿形成后,出现圆形透亮脓腔及气液平面,其四周被浓密炎症浸润所环绕,脓腔内壁光整或略有不规则;经治疗愈全时,仅残留纤维条索阴影。

(2)慢性肺脓肿:脓腔壁增厚,内壁不规整,周围有纤维组织增生及邻近胸膜增厚,肺叶收缩,纵隔向患侧移位。

(3)血源性肺脓肿:病灶分布一侧或两侧,呈散在性局限性炎症,或边缘整齐的球形病灶,中央有小脓腔和气液平。炎症吸收后可遗留局灶性纤维化或小气囊阴影。

3.(1)细菌性肺炎

(2)空洞性肺结核继发感染 (3)支气管肺癌

(4)肺囊肿继发感染 4.诊断依据:

(1) 对口腔手术、昏迷呕吐或异物吸入史,突发畏寒、高热、咳嗽、咳大量

脓臭痰患者,白细胞增数及中性粒细胞显著增高,X线显示浓密的炎性阴影中有空洞、气液平,可作出急性肺脓肿。

(2) 有皮肤创伤感染、疖、痈等化脓性病灶,或静脉吸毒者患心内膜炎,出

现高热不退、咳嗽、咳痰等症状,X线胸片显示两肺多发性肺脓肿,可诊断为血源性肺脓肿。

(3) 痰、血培养,包括厌氧菌培养,对确定病因诊断有重要价值。 5.适用证为:

(1) 肺脓肿病程超过3个月,经内科治疗脓腔不缩小,或脓腔过大(5cm以上)

估计不能愈合。

(2) 大咯血经内科治疗无效或危及生命。

(3) 伴有支气管胸膜瘘或脓胸经抽吸和冲洗疗效不佳。 (4) 支气管阻塞限制了气道引流,如肺癌。 四 选择题 【单选题】

1.E 2.C 3.C 4.E 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.E 10.D 【多选题】

1.ABCDE 2.ABCDE 3.ABCDE 4.ABCE 5.ACDE 6.AC 7.BCD 8.ABCDE 9.ACD 10.AC

肺结核习题 Selected subject

1、结核病的主要传染源是 A. 原发性肺结核 B. 继发性肺结核 C. 血行播散性肺结核 D. 结核性胸膜炎 E. 结核球

2、肺结核记录方式正确顺序

A. 分类、痰菌情况、化疗史、病变部位、范围 B. 分类、病变部位、范围、痰菌情况、化疗史 C. 化疗史、病变部位、痰菌情况、范围、分类 D. 病变部位、痰菌情况、范围、分类、化疗史 E. 病变部位、范围、分类、化疗史、痰菌情况 3、抗结核药物对B菌群作用强弱依次为 A. Z>R>H B. Z>H>R C. R>Z>H D. H>Z>R E. H>R>Z

4 确诊肺结核最可靠的依据是 A. 胸部X线 B. 临床表现 C. PPD

D. 结核抗体检测 E. 痰结核菌检查

5 女性17岁午后低热37.2-38度, 咳嗽..咳少量白色痰,经系统抗眼炎治疗后无变化,胸部正位片示左肺下叶背段淡片影,纤维支气管镜病理为肉芽肿病变,该患最可能的诊断为 A. 原发性肺结核 B. 慢性支气管炎

C. 细菌性肺炎 D. 继发性肺结核 E. 肺脓肿

6 A man , have fever a moon at 80 years old , the body temperature is 38-39℃.He have pulmonary interstitial fibrosis 4 years . to check body : acropachy , can hear burst sound in the middle and inferior lung , the CT show the two lung have extensive pulmonary interstitial fibrosis , high density shadow; inferior have irregular light region , mycobacteria smear of phlegm have 3 times masccline , the right of this patient ‵recording mode is

A . continued pulmonary tuberculosis , Low Right , initial treatment , smear(+) B . initial treatment , smear(+) , continued pulmonary tuberculosis , Low Right C . initial treatment , smear(+) , continued pulmonary tuberculosis , Low Right D . initial treatment , smear(+) , Low Right , continued pulmonary tuberculosis E . Low Right , continued pulmonary tuberculosis , initial treatment , smear(+) 7 . A woman , 32 years old , have lupus erythematosus 3 years , use glucocorticoid half year . She have high fever 10 days , and have headache . BODY CHECK : T 39.3 ℃ , the two lung have normal breathe sound , on abnormal sound , can touch the liver 3 cm inferior the right rib , touch the spleen 3 cm inferior left rib ,no tenderness , neck powerful . chest normotopia piece show : the both lung from apex of lung to base of lung have universal distribution have millet granulous shadow , have even size and distribution . blood common practice show : WBC : 11.1×109 , neutrophil: 70% . The probalble diagnosis is :

A . SLE , acute lung abscess , acute brain abscess

B . SLE , acute blood spreading pulmonary tuberculosis , tuberculous meningitis C . SLE , origin pulmonary tuberculosis , tuberculous meningitis , D , SLE , continued pulmonary tuberculosis , tuberculous meningitis E . SLE , continued pulmonary interstitial fibrosis , SLE encephalopathia 8 . A feman ,20 years , acratia 3 mooths , small capacity hemoptysis 1 weeks . She have hemoptysis 300 ml this morning , then stop hemoptysis suddenly , dyspnea ,

facial expression pale , oral lips cyanosis , have the fidgets , the main possible have information is :

A . spontaneous pneumothorax B . acute cardiac insufficiency C . great hemoptysis asphyxia D . hemorrhagic shock E . tubercle spreading

9 . The superlative effective escue measure of great hemoptysis asphyxia : A . use hemostyptic B . blood transfusion

C . to breathe high discharge oxygen

D . to clear respiration way , to keep the respiration way unobstructed; E . use sedative

10 . the drug of first choice to treat large hemoptysis is A . dicynone B . adrenobazone C . Yunnan white drug D . Pituitrin E . prednisone

11 the standard to diagnose bacterium negative pulmonary tuberculosis is A . typical pulmonary tuberculosis clinical symptom and chest X-ray display B . resist tubercle treat effected

C .clinical can remove other non pulmonary tuberculosis disease D . PPD powerful masccline E . blood WBC: 11.2×109,S:80%

12. listed below which one is initial treatment tuberculosis A . irregular chemotherapy B . not yet begin resisting tubercle C . chronic excretor

D . undertake resisting tubercle standard chemotherapy regimen then not yet full course of treatment

E . irregular chemotherapy not yet full one month

13、异烟肼药物特点 A. 可穿透血脑屏障

B. 成人常用量是300毫克/日 C. 副作用为视神经炎

D. 口服后迅速吸收,血中药物浓度可达最低抑菌浓度的50~200倍 E. 主要杀灭巨噬细胞内酸性环境中B菌群 F. 主要杀灭巨噬细胞外碱性环境中B菌群

G. 对巨噬细胞内外结核分枝杆菌均具有杀菌作用 14、PPD实验检查意义以下正确的是

A. PPD阴性为没有受结核分枝杆菌感染 B. 应测定皮丘的红晕直径判断结果 C. 结核分支杆菌感染4-8周内可为阴性

D. PPD阳性仅表明结核菌感染,并不一定患病

E. HIV感染PPD实验可能为阴性,或PPD实验在10毫米以内 15、继发性肺结核包括 A. 浸润性肺结核 B. 空洞性肺结核

C. 慢性纤维化空洞性肺结核 D. 结核球

E. 干酪性肺炎 F. 结核性胸膜炎

16、男性,56岁,糖尿病史7年,未系统治疗,近一个月午后发热,咳嗽,咳少量白痰。胸部正位片示:右肺上叶大叶实变,血常规:WBC:7.2×109,S:60%。痰结核菌涂片三次均为阳性,该患治疗最佳方案为 A. 2H3R3E3/4H3R3 B. 2HRZE/4HR C. 2HRZSE/6HRZ D. 2HRZSE/6H3R3E3 E. 2HRZS/2HR

17 . The cavity of cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis can be A . worm eclipse likewise cavity B . partial thick wall cavity C . tension cavity D . thin wall cavity

E . fondue solubleness cavity

18 . the chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis is


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