毕业论文
车用机电式电涡流缓速器试验台
2014年4月26日
摘 要
电涡流缓速器是利用电磁学原理，将汽车行驶中的动能转化为热能散发掉，从而实现汽车减速和制动作用的装置。普通电涡流缓速器的主要缺点是体积较大，质量较重，安装对原车传动系统影响较大。
本论文详细地介绍了车用机电式电涡流缓速器的结构和工作原理，在此基础上进行了缓速器试验台的设计结合电涡流缓速器的性能特性与要求以及电涡流缓速器台架试验方法，介绍了电涡流缓速器试验台的工作原理及其结构。提出了机电式电涡流缓速器的台架试验项目和试验方法，并进行了实例介绍。
本文从该试验台的设计要求出发，介绍了该试验台的设计依据，对试验台的 各个系统都给以了详细的说明。同时分析了实际车辆的制动过程，建立尽可能多 的影响汽车实际工作情况的因素，得出了合理的惯性模拟系统。并用电机、飞轮 和轴共同模拟汽车惯性的多分流加载法。另外，本文设计了精确的测控系统，通 过对硬轴联接的双电机进行同步转速控制以及采取抗干扰措施，从而对缓速器的 温度、转速、转矩等进行有效的测量。
关键词：电涡流，缓速器，测控系统，抗干扰
I
毕业论文
Abstract
Electromagnetic principle is the use of eddy current retarder, and the kinetic energy into heat energy from the car out, so as to realize vehicle deceleration and braking device. The main drawback of ordinary eddy current retarder is large, quality is heavier, a greater influence on the installation on the original vehicle transmission system.
This paper in detail introduces the automobile electromechanical structure and working principle of eddy current retarder, on the basis of the test bench of the retarder design combined with performance characteristics and requirements of eddy current retarder and bench test method for eddy current retarder, this paper introduces the working principle of the test rig of eddy current retarder and its structure. Put forward the electromechanical of eddy current retarder test items and test methods, and examples.
This article considered from the design request of the test bed, introducing the design gist of the test bed that according to. Each system that composes the test bed is explained at length. At the same time the article analyzed the actual break process of vehicles, establishing any factor possibly that influences vehicle's actual working circumstance, and elicited the reasonable inertial simulation system. And the test bed made use of electromotor, flywheel and axes to imitate the vehicle’s inertia together. Moreover, the article adopts the precise measure and control system, through controlling the series-connection electromotor's synchronous rotate speed and the anti-interference measure to measure temperature, rotate speed, torque of the electromagnetic retarder effectively etc.
Keywords: electromagnetic, retarder, measure and control system, anti-interference
II
目 录
第1章 绪论 ............................................................. 1
1.1引言 ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2汽车电涡流缓速器综合性能试验台研制的背景 ..................................................... 2
1.2.1电涡流缓速器的发展历程 ............................................................................... 2 1.2.2电涡流缓速器的市场前景 ............................................................................... 2 1.2.3电涡流缓速器工作原理 ................................................................................... 3 1.2.4电涡流缓速器主要优势 ................................................................................... 3 1.3试验台开发的意义 ..................................................................................................... 4 第2章 机电式电涡流缓速器样机研制与试验研究 .............................. 6
2.1试验台的工作原理及其结构 ..................................................................................... 6 2.2 机电式电涡流缓速器的试验台 .............................................................................. 7 2.3 机电式电涡流缓速器的运行工况 ............................................................................ 8 2.4 机电式电涡流缓速器台架试验项目和试验方法 .................................................. 9 第3章 试验台机械结构的设计与校核 ....................................... 11
3.1研究背景 ................................................................................................................... 11 3.2 缓速器负载的分析 .................................................................................................. 11
3.2.1多分流加载法的模拟机理 ............................................................................. 12 3.3电动机方案确定 ....................................................................................................... 14 3.4加速器的设计 ........................................................................................................... 16
3.4.1 传动比的确定 ................................................................................................ 16 3.4.2各轴输入功率 ................................................................................................. 16 3.4.3各轴输入转矩 ................................................................................................. 16 3.4.4 加速器的选择 ................................................................................................ 17 3.5飞轮转动惯量 ........................................................................................................... 17
3.5.1 飞轮结构功能 ................................................................................................ 17 3.5.2 机电缓速器试验台飞轮转动惯量 ................................................................ 19 3.5.3 飞轮结构的建立 ............................................................................................ 21
毕业论文
3.6飞轮尺寸的确定 ....................................................................................................... 21 3.7飞轮转动惯量的实现方法 ....................................................................................... 23 3.8飞轮的安全检测 ....................................................................................................... 23 第4章 试验台主轴结构设计与其他部分选择 ................................. 24
4.1 底座平台的设计 ...................................................................................................... 24 4.2 联轴器 ...................................................................................................................... 25 4.3轴承及其密封件的的选取 ....................................................................................... 25
4.3.1 轴承的选取 .................................................................................................... 25 4.3.2 轴承密封件的设计 ........................................................................................ 25 4.4轴的选择和校核 ....................................................................................................... 26
4.4.1 主轴设计 ........................................................................................................ 26 4.4.2 主轴的强度校核 ............................................................................................ 30 4.4.3 飞轮支撑轴承的校核 .................................................................................... 33
第5章 结论及展望 ...................................................... 34
5.1 结论 .......................................................................................................................... 34 5.2 展望 .......................................................................................................................... 35 主要参考文献 ............................................................ 36