完形填空专题微技能
1. 跳读首尾句进行预测（文章体裁）
一般来讲，高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳读这两句，便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了when, where, who, what，即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事，为了测试语篇的理解能力，出题者特别注意选材的趣味性，其结尾往往出人意料，耐人寻味;若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文;若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文，有时也有夹叙夹议文。 首句往往开宗明义，是文章的主题。细读首句可启示全文。而尾句又往往是对文章主题的总结。因此，要充分利用段首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，寻找文章的脉络与线索。
e.g. Evelyn Glennie was the first lady of solo percussion in Scotland. In an interview, she recalled how she became a percussion soloist (打击乐器独奏演员) in spite of her disability.
本文主要讲述的是苏格兰第一位女打击乐器独奏演员Evelyn Glennie在耳聋的情况下成功学习打击乐器的经历。根据首句给出的信息，下面我们可以猜想Evelyn Glennie学习打击乐器过程必然充满困难，而能够在耳聋的情况下学习打击乐器，Evelyn Glennie对音乐肯定也是充满热情的。 2. 利用语法分析解题
完形填空虽然以语境填空为主，但也有部分考查语法项目的题目。对于这类题，考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识，分析单词(组)的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物，并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项排除干扰。如：
___51___do you suppose he asked for them? 51. A. What B. How C. Who D. Which
【解析】本题中，do you suppose为插入成分。he asked for them是一个相对独立和完整的句子，因此空格处应该用副词How来修饰谓语动词asked，而不能用代词What, Who或 Which。 ___8___ I had been born in the 16th century, I would have had no job. 8. A. Because B. While C. If D. Since
【解析】根据后面的I had been born in the 16th century可知这只是个假设，是一个虚拟语气的条件句。故前面要用if引导。 3. 利用固定搭配解题
完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的“习语”，不能随意改动。所以，考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题，需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力，特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力。如：
They couldn’t read or write. They didn’t like to work and they never ___12___ baths. 12. A. took B. washed C. ran D. covered
【解析】本题考查的是固定搭配take a bath，意为“洗澡”。
I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was useless and when I was 14 he said, “You’re never going to be ___2___ but a failure.”
2. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
【解析】本题考查习语anything but，意为“决不”“根本不”，即校长认为我肯定是一个失败的人。 4. 利用固定句型解题
完形填空虽然注重考查语境理解，但同时也会考到一些固定句型，考生掌握好这些句型，对确定题目的答案很有帮助。如：
I haven’t had a phone in the house for three weeks now, and it’s several days ___19___ I used a phone box. 19. A. as B. when C. if D. since
【解析】本题考查的是it’s…since…句型，意为“自从……已(多长时间了)”。这句话的意思是“自从我上次打投币电话已经有好几天了”。
It wasn’t long ___18___the police caught the thief. 18. A. after B. when C. before D. until
【解析】It wasn’t long before…是常用句型，意为“不久就……”。这里说的是不久警察就把小偷捉到了。 “Why ___14___ you take a big man with you? You have to fight the sailor who is drunk.” 5. 利用复现信息解题
语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。如：
First of all, I respected his ___3___ to teaching. Because his lectures were always well-prepared and clearlydelivered,students crowded into his classroom. 3. A. attention B. introduction C. relation D. devotion
【解析】空格后面的句子说到教授的讲座准备充分、讲解清楚(well-prepared and clearly delivered)，由此可知教授为教育做出了很大的贡献，devotion to sth意为“对……贡献……”，与下文相通。
I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasn’t empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new ___44___, dressed neatly. A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion
【分析】名词同现，空格前出现了room, furniture, curtains, a TV等同现信息可知坐在铺好的床上的是“我”的室友。
6. 利用跳读法解题
一般而言，完形填空要填的20空中总有一些空是相对简单的。 对于这类空格考生可以先将其确定下来，之后再逐个去突破其他空。跳过那些不太容易得出答案的题。切忌做题时循规蹈矩地一个顺着一个地去完成。如：
“Visitors!” repeated Josh, wide-awake at once. He___1___ up and looked around. A short distance away, a group of___2___ stood quietly watching us. One of them ___3___ walking toward us. We both jumped to our ___4___ not knowing what to expect. 1. A. sat B. stayed C. thought D. put 2. A. pilots B. natives C. editors D. assistants 3. A. avoided B. delayed C. began D. desired 4. A. boat B. car C. horses D. feet
【解析】在通读全文的第一遍中，我们可以很容易地将第四空填出来，这是固定搭配jump to one’s feet (跳起来);由此也可推出第三空的答案，因为有人开始向“我们”走了过来，所以“我们”才跳了起来;再根据第一空前面的wide-awake可知，此处指的应该是“我和Josh完全清醒，坐起来，环顾四周”，所以第一空的答案为A;最后，根据句首Visitors可推知第二空的答案为B。 7. 巧用排除法解题
在某些情况下若不能很有把握地直接得出某一道题的答案，可以把排除法和词汇、语法分析结合起来运用，缩小选择的范围，提高正确率。如：
The woman looked carefully at me ___5___ through her glasses, and then questioned me in a low voice. 5. A. as usual B. for a while C. in a minute D. once again
【解析】这篇文章讲述的是没有工作经验的作者找到工作的故事。此题的解题关键词是carefully，既然是“认真地看”，就不会是in a minute (立刻、马上);既然互不相识，作者也未曾去找过工作，不会是as usual(像往常一样);前面没说已经打量过作者一次了，所以用once again(再一次)是不合理的。
He put the books into the return box. And after a brief ___6___ in the toilet, he would be on his way to the playground to meet Eric. 6. A. rest B. break C. walk D. stop
【解析】此题答案为D。人不可能在厕所里休息(rest, break)或是散步(walk)，由此排除另外三个选项。 When I started playing ___19___ him, he told me I needed to relax because I looked nervous.
19. A. at B. by C. for D. around
【解析】此题用排除法，by 和around都有“在……旁边”的意思，要选都要选，故排除这两个答案，play at后接游戏名，是“做……游戏”的意思，也可排除。故答案为C。 8. 利用逻辑关系解题 (1) 句中逻辑关系
Vitamins（维生素） are similar because they are made of the same elements—usually carbon（碳）, hydrogen（氢）, oxygen（氧）,and___45___nitrogen（氮）. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body. 45. A. mostly B. partly C. sometimes D. rarely
【解析】短文中的usually和and是本题逻辑推理的线索。And前后构成了并列关系，即and前的 usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 这些维生素成分和and 后面的 nitrogen 成分形成并列关系。鉴于此，在45空考虑填入的应是和usually相对应的频度副词，而语义与usually略有不同。 (2) 句间逻辑关系
逻辑关系并不抽象，它往往通过转折、让步、递进、因果等明确的逻辑关系词来体现。当然，句子的逻辑关系也不一定体现在一句话的内部，它还可以渗透到篇章的层面上，在句与句之间表现出来。如： Ms Cleveland does not keep her workers on a short leash. ___13___, she encourages them to get ___14___ ways to do business.
13. A. Still B. Yet C. Instead D. While
【解析】根据前后句子的意思可推出两句间的逻辑关系是转折，意思是“Old Mr Cleveland把工人用带子捆绑起来(没有任何自由)，而她不那样，相反(instead)她鼓励雇员”。
There is a tendency to think of each of the arts as a separate area of activity. Many artists, ___1___ would prove that there has always been a warm relationship between the various areas of human activity. 1. A. therefore B. however C. moreover D. otherwise
【解析】第一句讲各科艺术间是分离的，但后文讲的却是它们之间有很大的关联。however的意思是“然而”，表示转折，符合下文。故本题答案为however。 (3) 段间逻辑关系
这种逻辑关系主要体现在段落之间的衔接上。如：
Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, ___29___, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact in the media was not immediately apparent.
29. A. indeed B. hence C. however D. therefore
【解析】前段末句意为“不是每个人都能够正确看待这个进程”。而第二段首句为“大家普遍认为”，显然这两者之间存在了逻辑意义上的相反，此处可能体现了一种转折关系。 9. 巧用背景常识解题
解答完形填空题时，有时文章中提供的信息还不够，还需要把读者头脑中储存的一般知识信息结合起来考虑，最后作出符合常识的最佳答案。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，先找出并理解文章主题和主线，并根据主题猜测细节，注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、体会文章表达的氛围。
After ___2___ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back.
2. A. growing B. putting C. planting D. laying
【解析】根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须费好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这里的意思是“安插”“插牢”，故答案为plant。
Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to 30 A. check B.read C. keep D.sign
【解析】外国人早上有读报的习惯，题中的paper指的是报纸。
Owning springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the 37 areas like the desert. 37. A. dry B. distant C. deserted D. wild 【解析】沙漠以“干旱”著称是常识。 10. 利用对比结构解题
对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。如：
A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and___59___room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on. 59. A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable
【分析】本题利用相似短语之间的对比关系来命题。设空部分与下文的a small, noisy room with the television on存在对比关系。作者想借此说明“相同的作业”对于“不同家庭背景的学生”所表现出的事实上的不公平。答案为C。
If he did not know them, he would greet them with a few words about the weather, ___15___ he did, he would ask about their families or make ___16___, always cutting his cloth ___17___ his customers.