/ make sentences
2) 形成（想法，计划，意见等）
eg. I cannot form an opinion about it. 对这件事我没有意见， formal adj. 正式的 ←→ informal 不正式的 formal clothes 礼服 formal adj. 表面上的
formal politeness [p?’la?tn?s] 表面上殷情 stream n. 小溪 in a stream 川流不息 / in streams
a stream of water 一股溪流 river 江河
brook [bruk] 小河，小溪 lake 湖
a stream of people 人潮川流不息（喻） wind
1) n. [wind] 风
a strong wind 强风，大风 /a heavy wind north wind 北风 2) v. [wa?nd] 蜿蜒 (wound, wound) [waund] a winding road 一条蜿蜒的小路
eg. The river winds down to the sea. 小河蜿蜒流向大海。
eg. The stream wound its way across the field. 小溪蜿蜒穿过这片田地。 eg. She wound her way throuth the crowd. 她绕来绕去穿过人群。 wind one’s way across/through 蜿蜒穿过 wind the watch 上发条
eg. Are you winding me up? 你想气死我？ / Are you annoying me?
二、 关键句型 Key Structures 一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况（包括习惯性动作）通常搭配表示过去的时间状语。比如： yesterday 昨天 last week 上星期 in 1990
during the night 在夜里 in those days 在那段日子
例：Who put forward the suggestion? 谁提出这个建议？ When did she leave? 她什么时候走的？
She often came to help us.她常来帮助我们（表示过去的习惯动作）。 We didn't have any land at that time.那时候我们没有一点地。 I wasn't in last night.昨天晚上我不在家。 注意：
1)一般过去时可与today, this week, this month, this year等时间状语连用，但这些时间状语须指过去，决不包括“现在”在内。
例： Did you see him today? 你今天看见他了吗？ 2)省略时间状语，通过上下文，使用一般过去时。
例: I have been within an inch of life, and didn' t know it. 我差一点丧了命，而当时我还不知道呢。
He is no longer the man he was.他己经不是过去的他了。 3)在英语中，说到死去的人时，一般皆用过去时态。 - Who is the man in the picture? 照片里的是谁？ —It was Tom.是汤姆（己经去世）。如果没去世It is Tom. 4) -般过去时有时有感情色彩。
例：I heard you! 我早听见了。（即你不用再喊了。）
I told you so. 我早就告诉过你了。（有“你就是不听”的含义）。 5)注意动词过去式不规则变化 begin began begun creep crept crept leap leapt leapt sleep slept slept find found found see saw seen put put put do did done keep kept kept lose lost lost leave left left meet met met write wrote written slng sang sung wake woke woken
buy bought bought come came come give gave given go went gone wind wound wound
hang hung/hanged hung/hanged
三、课文讲解 Late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. late in the afternoon 傍晚时分 early in the morning 一大早 late at night 深夜
put up their tent 搭起帐篷 / set up their tent /pitch a tent
As soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire. as soon as 一…就 （后面跟句子） /the moment /just after
As soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire. this 指前面的“they put up their tent in the middle of the field” cook v. 煮，烹调 cook dinner 做饭
eg. She cooked us a delicious meal. 她为我们做了一顿美味可口的饭菜。 /She cooked a delicious meal for us. ( cook 可以加双宾语) roast 烤肉 bake （用烤炉）烘 broil [br??l] 直接用火烤 grill 直接用火烤 fry 炒 deep fry 油炸 boil 煮
stew [stju:] 炖，焖 steam 蒸 cooker n. 炊具 cook n. 厨师
a chief cook 大厨
eg. Too many cooks spoil the broth [br?:θ, br?θ]. 厨师多了烧坏汤；人多手杂反坏事；人多添乱 over 在垂直上方 on 相接触的上面
above 在上方（在比较高的位置上）
They were all hungry and the food smelled good. hungry ['h??gri] adj.饥饿的；渴望的 go hungry 挨饿 feel hungry 感到饥饿 a hungry look 饥饿的表情 hungrily adv.
------Which country eats a lot? ------Hungary ['h??g?ri:] 匈牙利 （词形、发音都很像） hunger n.
die of hunger 死于饥饿
eg. He satisfied his hunger with everything in the fridge. 他把冰箱内的所有东西拿来充饥。 have a hunger for fame 渴望名声
have a hunger for knowledge 有强烈的求知欲 v. 渴望/long for
eg. I hunger for your touch. 我渴望你的接触。 ( from Ghost “Unchained Melody”) smell: link v. （系动词）
After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the campfire. by: beside/near
But some time later it began to rain. feel---felt---felt (link v.) put out 扑灭
eg. They put out the fire. （动作） eg. The fire was put out by them. eg. The building was on fire. 大楼着火了。 eg. The light is on. 灯亮了。 eg. The light is out. 灯灭了。
eg. The building caught fire. （动作）大楼着火了。 与put相关的短语：
put away 收拾，放在一边
eg. Put the toys away. 把玩具放到一边。 put aside 停下
eg. He put his work aside and made some coffee. 他停下工作，冲了一些咖啡。 put back 放回
eg. Put the record back where it was. 把磁带放回原处。 put 放 lay 横摆 set 并放 place 安置 arrange 排放 spread 摊开
The boys felt tired so they put out the fire and crept into their tent. Their sleeping bags were warm and comfortable, so they all slept soundly. In the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting. began shouting / began to shout eg. It bagan to rain. → It bagan raining. wake up 醒来 wake sb up 叫醒某人
eg. Will you wake me up early next morning. sb be woken up 某人被叫醒，吵醒
eg. I was woken up by the cock’s crow. 我被公鸡的啼叫声吵醒了。
eg. The noise is loud enough to wake the dead. (idiom) （指噪声）大得烦人。
The tent was full of water! They all leapt out of their sleeping bags and hurried outside. be full of / be filled with
The tent was full of water! → The tent was filled with water! hurry v. 匆忙赶往 hurry to + 地点
eg. I hurried to school this morning. eg. We hurried to the station.
It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field. The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent! wind one’s way across 蜿蜒，穿过 flow---flowed---flowed fly---flew---flown right / just