名词性从句专题复习
【专题要点】1.that和what引导名词性从句的区别；2.名词从句的语序和时态；3.it作形式宾语的几种情况；4.that从句作介词宾语；5.宾语从句的否定转移；6.whether和if的用法区别；7.what在名词性从句中的使用。 【知识网络】
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一、引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连词：that（无任何词意）；whether, if（“是否”）；as if, as though（“好像”，“似乎”）。以上 在从句中不作作成分。
注： as if, as though 只能引导表语从句， 不能引导其他的名词性从句。 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever, whomever 连接副词：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however
请标记下列各句中名词性从句，对从句进行分类，归纳连接词， 引 导 词 从句分类 例 句 That he won the first prize made his classmates excited. Whether he will come on time is doubtful. 引导连词 It is doubtful whether/if he will come on time . I think( that) he will be back in a week. I doubt whether/if he can speak English. He worried whether he was in good health. One advantage of living here is that we can get close to nature. The problem is whether they can complete the project. The fact that his health is failing is not true. I have no idea whether he has passed the exam or not. What he said is true. Which class won the match is not clear. 连接代词 Who will be our new director is not clear. I really don’t know what he is doing. He asked whose book it is. Pay attention to what the teacher said. That’s what we should do. China is no longer what she used to be. The question is who will attend the meeting. He put forward a question who will give us a talk at the meeting. I have no idea which class has won the game. He has some doubt what should be done to solve the problem. How this happened is still a question. When we’ll start hasn’t been decided. Why he did such a thing is unknown to us. 连接副词 Do you remember how he came? Will you show me how I can get to the railway station? The article gives us some idea of why smoking is harmful to health.
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That’s why she stopped his own research and joined in ours. The trouble is where we can get the things we need. The question is how we can get there. I have no idea how they were able to get it done in such a short time. You have no idea how worried I was. Now we have little idea how they lived through the war. II考点精讲精练
考点一that 与what, what 与which在引导名词性从句时的区别 1.that在引导名词性从句时，不在句子中做成分，不含疑问意义，也没有实际意义，只起连接作用，在句首时不可以省略。what 在引导名词性从句时，既起连接作用，又在从句中做主语或宾语，在任何情况下都不能省略，它有具体意义，相当于all / everything that。 2.what 与which在引导名词性从句时中，都在从句中作成分，都有实际意义，但which 表选择，而what表意较笼统。(whichever / whatever的区别相同) 1) __________ you have done might do harm to others. 2) __________ he won the first prize made his classmates excited. 3) __________ we can’t get seems better than ___________ we have. 4) Here are 5 pairs, can you tell me ________ would you like to buy?
5) With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased
____________ he was a man of action.
6） I think Father would like to know _________ I’ve been up to so far, so I decided to send him a quick note.
7) The poor young man is ready to accept ______________ help he can get.
8) After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, __________ our astronauts desire 考点二 that, if 和whether 的区别
that在引导名词性从句时，不在句子中做成分，不含疑问意义，也没有实际意义，只起连接作用，在句首时
主语从句中不可以省略。
whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：
a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c. 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如：
1) I doubt ______________ the speeches will be good.
2) I don’t doubt _____________ she will go over the lessons. 3) _____________ I’ll go there isn’t decided. 4) It is not decided ______________ I’ll go there. 5) He doesn’t know ______________ to stay or not.
6) He wants to know _____________ we want dinner or not. 7) He wants to know _____________ or not we want dinner. 8) The question is _______________ it is worth doing.
9) Everything depends on __________ the situation will improve
to do is walk in space.
注意：that 引导的从句一般不能充当介词后的宾语，但偶尔可以做except, in 等介词的宾语。如： He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless. He differs from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. 1) I have nothing to do except ____________ you told me to.
2) He is always a good boy except __________ his father is absent. 3) You can hide anywhere except _____________ I can’t find you.
4) He stood there silent except _______________ his lips moved now and then.
2）由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that无词义，在句中不担任任何成分，在动词后常被省去，
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但是在以下情况下that不可省。 ? ① 宾语从句前有插入语。
We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.
? ② 在介词后。
He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.
? ③ that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。
He said (that) the book was very interesting and that all the children like to read it.
? ④ 有间接宾语时。
He told me that he was leaving for Japan.
? ⑤ that从句单独回答问题时。
—What did he hear? 他听说了什么事？ —That Kate had passed the exam.
? ⑥ 在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。
I think it necessary that he should stay here.
? ⑦ 位于句首时。如：
That our team will win, I believe.
? ⑧ 在较为正式或不常用的动词(如reply, object)后。
He replied that he disagreed.
考点三 名词性从句中的语序问题 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，， 除了连接词在从句之首外，其他部分应保持陈述句语序。 1）I have always been honest and straight-forward, and it doesn’t matter _______
I’m talking to.
A who it is B who is it C. it is who D it is whom
2) No one can be sure ________ in a million years.
A. what men will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 3) Can you make sure _______ the gold ring?
A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put
考点四：注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：
I know he ____________(study) English every day. I know he____________ (study) English last term.
I know (that) he ______________(study) English next year. （从句用一般将来时） I know he ___________________(study) English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时） 当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如： I knew who___________( live) here.
I saw she ________________(talk) with her mother.
He asked whether his father _______________(come) back tomorrow. He said that he _____________(see) it.
The teacher said that the sun__________________( travel) around the earth.
考点五： 在意欲动词如 insist, order, command, suggest, advise, recommend, demand, require, request, ask等及其变体和 It is + necessary, important, essential, strange, a pity后的 that引导的名词性从句中，谓语部分常用虚
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拟语气（should+V 原形，should 可省） 。如：
(1)He insisted that he ____________ once again. (try)
(2)His advice is that everyone _____________ his best to help the poor girl. (do) (3)It is required that students ____________ at least 90% of the lectures. (attend) (4)It is necessary he ___________________ to you. (apologize) (5)It is strange that he _______________ so. (think)
(6)It is a pity that he __________________ the lecture. (miss)
考点六：It 做形式主语与形式宾语的特点 It 做形式主语：
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。
用it作形式主语的从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系： a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要…… It is important that… 重要的是…… It is obvious that… 很明显…… b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that… 人们相信…… It is known to all that… 从所周知…… It has been decided that… 已决定…… c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识 It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是…… It is a fact that… 事实是…… d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that… 似乎…… It happens that… 碰巧…… It occurred to me that… 我突然想起…… 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that… 翻译：
他肯定会在考试中考好的。_______________________________________________
真遗憾你要走。______________________________________________________________ 我们队赢了比赛这一点也不奇怪。_______________________________________________ 已经决定把会议推迟到下周了。__________________________________________________ It 做形式宾语
在可以接复合宾语的动词，如think，make, consider, find, suppose等之后，可以用it做形式宾语。 我们认为他已经死了这是非常可能的。______________________________________________ 他不会屈服的，这一点他已明确表示了。____________________________________________ 1._____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 2. _____ is said that he has gone abroad.
3. I feel ______ possible that you will finish the work in a day. 4.I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full.
考点六 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 同位语从句一般位于某些抽象名词之后，如：fact, hope, desire, thought, idea, suggestion, news, problem等，对这些名词起补充说明的作用。连词that 只起引导作
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用，在从句中不作任何成分，不能省略。也可用where, when, how, whether等词引导。 定语从句是对前面的名词或代词进行修饰或限制，引导词在从句中作成分，作宾语的引导词that可以省略。 1) The news ________ they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 2) The news _________ you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 3) Do you have any idea ___________ is actually going on in the classroom.
4) A warm thought suddenly came to me ________ I might use the pocket money to buy some
flowers for my mother’s birthday.
5) The problem ___________ it’s right hasn’t been verified （证实）yet. 6) It’s my suggestion ____________ the boy should study hard.
考点七 no matter wh-与wh-ever引导的名词性从句的区别 1wh-ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从局，而no matter-ever只能引导让步状语从句，因此在让步状语从句中whatever / whoever / whichever = no matter what / who / which 2 在名词性从句中whatever / whoever = anything / anybody that 3 whenever / however / wherever = no matter when / how / where一般只引导让步状语从句 1) _____________ we’ll begin the party is still a question. 2）_____________ you will go, I’ll follow you.
3) _____________ you like to come, I’ll be glad to see you. 4) _______________ cold it is, she always goes swimming.
5) Eat __________ cake you like and leave the others for _______ comes in late. 6) Sarah hopes to become a friend of ____________ shares her interest.
注意： 引导词What=the thing that/which, whatever=anything that , who = the one that, whoever= anyone that
1) ______________________ problems you have, just come to me for help. 2) _______________________ was said here must be kept a secret. 3) ____________ we need is more practice.
4) Engines are to machines _____________hearts are to animals. 5)____________________ telephones, tell them I’m out.
6) ______________________ fails to see this will make a big mistakes.
考点八as if ,as though, because, why 也可引导表语从句，表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句, 放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。另外,常用的句型还有the reason why ? is that ? ，It is because ?和It looks as if?等结构。例如： The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.
1) He was absent yesterday. That was ______________ he was ill. 2) He was ill yesterday. That was __________________ he was absent.
3) The reason ____________ he is absent today is ____________ he has fallen ill. 4) I know nothing about the young lady _________________ she is from Beijing.
九 其它固定句型
1. There is no doubt ________ he will come. 2. There is doubt ________ he will come.
3. The reason _____ he is absent is ______ he is ill.
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