西安建筑科技大学硕士论文
improve the level of comprehensive utilization of low temperature carbonization. Keywords: SJ-ow-temperature carbonization furnace; low-temperature carbonization；
heat balance; material balance; thermal efficiency
西安建筑科技大学硕士论文
目 录
1绪论...............................................................................................................................1 1.1引言.........................................................................................................................1 1.2低温干馏技术发展情况.........................................................................................2 1.2.1国外低温干馏技术研究现状..........................................................................2 1.2.2国内低温干馏技术研究现状..........................................................................3 1.3课题研究的背景、意义及内容.............................................................................5 1.3.1陕北地区煤低温干馏技术应用现状..............................................................5 1.3.2陕北地区低温干馏技术存在的问题..............................................................5 1.3.3课题研究内容..................................................................................................6 2煤低温干馏基础...........................................................................................................7 2.1煤干馏.....................................................................................................................7 2.1.1煤的干馏过程..................................................................................................7 2.1.2煤低温干馏过程中的化学反应......................................................................8 2.1.3煤干馏的影响因素........................................................................................10 2.2煤的低温干馏.......................................................................................................13 2.2.1低温干馏产品的性质....................................................................................14 2.2.2煤低温干馏工艺设备....................................................................................14 2.3干馏炉炉型结构与工艺.......................................................................................15 2.3.1干馏炉设计基础............................................................................................15 2.3.2JS型干馏方炉内部结构.................................................................................16 2.3.3JS型干馏方炉低温干馏生产工艺.................................................................17 3. 兰炭干馏炉实验.......................................................................................................18 3.1实验介绍...............................................................................................................18 3.2实验装置...............................................................................................................18 3.3实验方案...............................................................................................................19 3.4实验数据整理.......................................................................................................19 3.4.1煤气及助燃空气实验....................................................................................19
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西安建筑科技大学硕士论文
3.4.2干馏炉主要工艺参数.....................................................................................19 3.5入炉煤气实际燃烧量测算...................................................................................21 3.5.1 煤气的热值计算............................................................................................21 3.5.2 煤气密度的计算............................................................................................21 3.5.3 煤气实际燃烧量............................................................................................21 3.6荒煤气测算...........................................................................................................23 3.6.1荒煤气实验数据.............................................................................................23 3.6.2荒煤气流速.....................................................................................................24 3.6.3荒煤气流量.....................................................................................................24 3.7炉墙表面温度及散热测算...................................................................................24 3.7.1表面温度实验.................................................................................................25 3.7.2表面散热量测算.............................................................................................26 3.8炉内温度测试.......................................................................................................27 3.8.1温度测点分布.................................................................................................27 3.8.2 测点温度........................................................................................................28 3.8.3炉内温度变化趋势.........................................................................................28 3.9炉顶压力测试.......................................................................................................28 3.9.1炉顶压力实验数据.........................................................................................29 4. 兰炭干馏炉物料平衡................................................................................................30 4.1兰炭干馏炉物料平衡...........................................................................................30 4.2 物料平衡收入项的计算......................................................................................30 4.2.1煤量.................................................................................................................30 4.2.2煤气量.............................................................................................................30 4.2.3空气量.............................................................................................................31 4.3 物料平衡支出项计算..........................................................................................31 4.3.1 全焦量............................................................................................................31 4.3.2 焦油量............................................................................................................32 4.3.3 粗苯量............................................................................................................32 4.3.4 氨量................................................................................................................33 4.3.5 全煤气量........................................................................................................33 4.3.6 水量................................................................................................................34
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西安建筑科技大学硕士论文
4.3.7 差值...............................................................................................................35 5. 兰炭干馏炉热平衡...................................................................................................36 5.1兰炭干馏炉热平衡...............................................................................................36 5.2热平衡收入项计算...............................................................................................36 5.2.1煤气的燃烧热................................................................................................36 5.2.2煤气的显热....................................................................................................36 5.2.3空气的显热....................................................................................................37 5.2.4煤的显热........................................................................................................38 5.3热平衡支出项计算...............................................................................................38 5.3.1兰炭带走的热量............................................................................................38 5.3.2煤气带走的热量............................................................................................39 5.3.3水分带走的热量............................................................................................40 5.3.4焦油带走的热量............................................................................................40 5.3.5粗苯带走的热量............................................................................................41 5.3.6氨带走的热量................................................................................................41 5.3.7炉体散热量....................................................................................................41 5.3.8差值................................................................................................................41 5.4热平衡汇总...........................................................................................................42 5.5干馏炉的热工效率...............................................................................................43 5.6干馏炉耗热量.......................................................................................................43 5.6.1湿煤耗热量....................................................................................................43 5.6.2干煤耗热量....................................................................................................44 5.7煤焦比（干）.......................................................................................................44 5.8主要技术指标汇总...............................................................................................44 5.9干馏炉热工分析...................................................................................................44 6.干馏工艺影响因素分析与讨论.................................................................................48 6.1干馏煤气成分及对干馏工艺影响.......................................................................48 6.2干馏兰炭质量分析...............................................................................................49 6.3入炉煤质量对干馏工艺影响...............................................................................49 6.4入炉煤粒度对干馏工艺影响...............................................................................50
III
西安建筑科技大学硕士论文
6.5温度分布及对干馏工艺影响...............................................................................50 6.6炉顶压力对干馏工艺影响...................................................................................51 6.7干馏气氛对干馏工艺影响...................................................................................52 7. 结论与展望................................................................................................................53 致 谢.............................................................................................................................54 参考文献.........................................................................................................................55 附 录.............................................................................................................................58
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