定语从句
形容词性从句，又叫定语从句，是指在句子中起定语作用、修饰一个名词或代词，有时修饰一个句子的从句。如：She gives me a book that she bought yesterday. （一）定语从句通常结构
主语（充当先行词）+ 引导词 + 从句的主谓 + 谓语 + 宾语
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语（充当先行词）+ 引导词 + 从句的主谓 先行词 指被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，位置是在定语从句的前面。 引导词 引导从句的词，连接主句和从句，还充当句子成分，又叫关系词。
关 系 代 词 词形 that which who whom whose（=of whom/which） as 关 系 副 词 when(=in等+which) where（=in等+which） why(=for which) how that(口语) （二）关系词的几点特例
that作宾语可以省略，作主语不可省略。 This is the letter (that) I received yesterday. which常可以省略，作主语不可省略。 The man gets back the wallet (which) he lost on the bus. who不可省略。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. whom常可以省略或用who代替。但在介词后不可用who替代。 The professor (whom) you wish to see has come. This is the girl who/ whom he worked with. This is the girl with whom he worked .
whose通常指人，也可指事物，在定语从句中作定语。
有句式：whose + n. = the + n. + of which = of which the + n. This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country. They live in the house whose door is red.
when表示时间，其先行词通常是表示时间的名词，如time, day, hour, year等。 October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
where表示地点，其先行词通常是表示地点的名词，如place, room, house, ,street, area等。
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先行词 人或物 物 人 人 人或物 人或物 时间词 地点词 reason 方式词 充当成分 主，宾，表 主，宾，表 主，宾，表 宾 定 主，宾，表 状 状 状 状 状
This is the place where my mother was born. why表示原因，常常用在先行词reason后面。
The reason why he is late for class today is that he got up late in the morning.
（三）关系副词换为关系代词：关系副词=介词＋关系代词
如：October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
替换：October 1, 1949 was the day on which the People’s Republic of China was founded. 再如：This is the place where my mother was born. 替换：This is the place in which my mother was born.
又如：The reason why he is late for class today is that he got up late in the morning.
替换：The reason for which he is late for class today is that he got up late in the morning.
（四）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1.限制性定语从句起限制作用，是不可缺少的，与先行词间物逗号，翻译时常译成前置定语。 Those who want to go to ,please sign their names here. 想去的人，请在这签名。
2.非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，省区后不影响主句意思，常用逗号隔开，翻译时常译成并列句。
This note was left by john, who was here a moment ago.这纸条是约翰留的，他刚才来过这。
（五）宜用that，不用which
1）当先行词是all, something, anything, everything, nothing, much, little, few等不定代词时。 That is all that I want to say. 那是我想要说的所有话。 2）当先行词为数词或被序数词（含last）修饰时。 The first place that they visited in China was the Great Wall. 3）当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best film that I have ever seen.
4）当先行词被the only, the very,any,few,little,no,all,one of等修饰时。 Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.
This is the very book that I want to buy.这正是我想买的书。(这里的very作形容词，正是的) 5）当先行词既有人又有物时，
6）当主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时‘ 7）关系代词在从句中作表语时，
8）从句是there be 句型时that用或省略.I know the difference (that) there is between you. 9）that 可作副词，代替when/where/why. （六）特殊情况补充
1）the way 后接 /in which/that 2）that 不用引导非限制性定语从句
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3）as当引导词只用于非限制性定语从句，一般用在such, the same, as, so之后，不作所有格，as 引导非限制性定语从句时位置灵活，句前、中、后皆可，而which引导非限制性定语从句时只能用于句末。as正如，which这 He married her,as(which) was natural.
As was expected, he performed the task with success. the same ...as同一类；the same ...that同一个
4）but 具有否定意义的关系代词，代替人或物，=that/ which/ who/ ...not，接在no 等否定词后。
There is no material deform more or less under the action of force. A.but wil B.but will not C.whichever will D.which will
5）than 代替带有形容词比较级修饰的词，具有比较意义的关系，充当代词，作主、宾、表。 There were more casualties than were reported.
All this leads to a population in the twenty-first century that is smaller feared few years ago. A.than was B.that was C.than that D.it was
真题训练
2008年高考题
1. I’ll give you my friend’s home address， I can be reached most evenings. A.which B.when C.whom D.where
2. All the neighbors admire this family， the parents are treating their child like a friend.
A.why B.where C.which D.that 3. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.
A.where B.when C.who D.which
4. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors， are beyond our control.
A.most of them B.most of which C.most of what D.most of that
5. The man pulled out a gold watch， were made of small diamonds. A.the hands of whom B.whom the hands of C.which the hands of D.the hands of which 6. For many cities in the world，there is no room to spread out further， New York is an example.
A.for which B.in which C.of which D.from which
7. They will fly to Washington， they plan to stay for two or three days. A.where B.there C.which D.when
8. Yesterday she sold her car， ______ she bought a month ago. A. when B. where C. that D. which
9. By nine o’clock，all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma， appeared a rare rainbow soon.
A.of which B.on which C.from which D.above which
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10. The Science Museum， we visited during a recent trip to Britain，is one of London’s tourist attractions.
A.which B.what C.that D.where
11.Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids. A.who B.which C.why D.when 2009年高考题
1. Whenever I met her, ________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that
2. She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before. A. them B. who C.whom D. these
3. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.
A. if B. when C. which D. since 4. A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails. A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever
5. Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which
6. Mozart’s birthplace and the house ______ he composed ‘The Magic Flute’ are both museums now.
A. where B. when C. there D. which 7. The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which
8. She’ll never forget her stay there she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
9. They’ve won their last three matches, ________I find a bit surprising. A. that B. when C. what D. which
10. It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
11.I have reached a point in my life ____ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A. which B. where C. how D. why
12.Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A. why B. what C. that D. where
13. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
A. which B. of which C. that D. whose
14.My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it 15.—What do you think of teacher ,Bob？
—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job you are doing something serious but interesting .
A. where B. which C. when D. that 2010年高考题
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1.Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet_________life has developed gradually.
A. that B. where C. which D. whose
2.I've become good friends with several of the students in my school_________I met in the English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where C. when D. which
3.The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister______ she would stay for an hour.
A. where B. who C. which D. what
4.That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What 5.Wind power is an ancient source of energy_________we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which 6.—Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? —You should try the barber’s__________I go. It’s only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that 7.After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling, _______turned out to be a wise decision．
A．that B．which C．when D．where 8.As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_____ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that
9. The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.
A. that B. it C. what D. which
10.The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. Whose
11.I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 12.Children who are not active or________diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. Which D. that
13.In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world.
A. where B. which C. whose D. that
14．The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of_______left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A．whom B．which C．them D．those
答案：2008 DBABD CADDA D；2009 BCBCC ABCDD BDDAA；2010 BAACC CBADD BBCA。
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