on his success and spoke highly of his “outstanding achievements”.
Mo had effectively extended the boundaries of imagination, the depth of thoughts and the state of arts of Chinese literature by focusing on lives in the countryside with a unique national style, said the statement.
He Jianming, vice president of the association, said in a separate interview, “It is not only a joyous occasion for Mo, but also a dream coming true for generations of Chinese writers. ”
“The prize also shows recognition in realism writing coming from traditional Chinese literature, ” said He.
He cited Mo?s latest novel, Frog, which was published in China in 2010, as an example of Mo?s focus on realism. The book focuses on the influence of China?s “one child” policy in the countryside.
“Mo?s works are among the best when it comes to Chinese contemporary literature. ”He said, “Adding the award is significant for the development of Chinese literature and will boost confidence in the country?s cultural creativity. ”
Mo Yan, a pen name for Guan Moye, was born in 1955 and grew up in Gaomi in east China?s Shandong Province.
Mo is one of the most widely translated Chinese writers. His best-known work is Red Sorghum, which was made into a film by the director Zhang Yimou. 56. Which is the main idea of the passage? A. 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature.
B. Mo Yan?s success represents recognition of Chinese literature. C. The success in Chinese literature. D. A great Chinese writer.
57. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A. Mo Yan and Guan Moye refer to the same person. B. Mo?s works are the best in China.
C. Mo Yan is the first Chinese national to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. D. The film Red Sorghum directed by Zhang Yimou was written by Mo Yan. 58. Mo Yan?s works focus on ______. A. lives in the countryside B. city lives
C. China?s “one child” policy
D. the international influences of Chinese literature
(B)
You?ve probably grown accustomed to texting in the glow of a mobile phone screen. Well, there?s some good and bad news coming for those of you who spend hours speedily tapping messages to one another.
The good news is that the hours you spend face-to-phone are paying off. You may have become fluent in a second language.
The bad news, however, is that this language is texting. Worse still, there isn?t yet a texting section in your school exams, so you?ll need to work harder to recover the grammar skills you might be killing with every LOL and BRB (Be right back).
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A new study confirms what many parents suspect. The more kids send and receive texts, the poorer their grammar skills become.
With “the culture of mobile communication—quick back and forth (来回), there are compromises on traditional, cultural writing”, said S. Shyam Sundar, professor of Pennsylvania State University, which conducted the study.
“Techspeak”, as Sundar and his research partner Drew P. Cingel call it, has become so prevalent (普遍的) among young users that it?s changing their foundation of basic grammar.
“Routine use of textual (原文的) adaptations by current and future generations of 13-to-17-year-olds may serve to create the impression that this is normal and accepted use of the language, ”they said in their published findings.
It seems teenagers are unable to “code switch-shift” between standard grammar and the abbreviations (缩写) used in text messages, Sundar said. These abbreviations have become the real words for them now.
However, linguists (语言学家) aren?t particularly disturbed by the trend, Sundar added. “The linguists will tell you the language is very dynamic. ”
Still, students have exams to worry about. Here?s a sample(范例) of the questions, so you can test yourself to see how texting has affected your grammar: ·During the flood, we (dranked, drank, drunk, drunked) bottled water.
·Fortunately, Jim?s name was (accepted, excepted) from the list of those who would have to clean bathrooms because he was supposed to go downtown to (accept, except) a reward for the German Club.
·The dress is so large that it is (lose, loose) on me when I wear it! 59. What is the main point of the article?
A. To report the popularity of texting among teens. B. To introduce the effects of texting on grammar.
C. To inform us that texting is likely to become a second language for teens. D. To analyze how texting influences the culture of mobile communication. 60. According to the new study, the more you text, ______. A. the faster you may learn a second language
B. the poorer your communication skills might become in real life
C. the more it could affect your ability to write using traditional language
D. the better you will become at shifting between standard grammar and abbreviations 61. What do linguists think about Sundar?s new finding according to the article? A. Worried. B. Supportive. C. Critical. D. Doubtful.
62. With the sample of the questions at the end of the article, the author intends to ______.
A. get teens to attach more importance to grammar exams B. give some useful tips on how to pass a grammar exam
C. get teens to find out how much texting has affected their use of language
D. prove that teens? routine of texting is changing their understanding of basic grammar
(C)
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The Vienna-based researchers showed that dogs doing a simple task when not rewarded if another dog, which continues to be rewarded, is present.
The experiment consisted of taking pairs of dogs and getting them to present a paw for a reward. On giving the “handshake” the dogs received a piece of food. One of the dogs was then asked to shake hands, but received no food. The other dog continued to get the food when it was asked to perform.
The dog without the reward quickly stopped doing the task, and showed signs of anger or stress when its partner was rewarded.
To make sure that the experiment was really showing the interaction between the dogs rather than just the frustration of not being rewarded, a similar experiment was conducted where the dogs performed the task without the partner. Here they continued to present the paw for much longer.
Dr. Frederike Range from the University of Vienna says this shows that it was the presence of the rewarded partner that was the greater influence on their behavior.
“The only difference is that one gets food and the other doesn?t. They are responding to being unequally rewarded. ” she says.
The researchers say this kind of behavior, where one animal gets frustrated with what is happening with another, has only been observed in primates(灵长类) before.
Studies with various types of monkeys and chimpanzees show they react not only to seeing their partners receiving rewards when they are not, but also to the type of reward.
The dog study also looked at whether the type of reward made a difference. Dogs were given either bread or sausage, but seemed to react equally to either. Dr. Range says this may be because they have been trained.
63. The dogs refused to give the paw when they ______. A. found another dog was given nothing B. felt they were not treated equally C. were aware they received less food D. were given too much reward
64. What would a dog do if it presented its paw alone? A. It would go on with the performance much longer. B. It would be too shy to present its paw. C. It would miss its partner.
D. It would compare what it got with that of another.
65. According to the passage, compared with dogs, monkeys and chimpanzees ______.
A. pay no attention to the type of reward B. only like to play interesting games
C. pay attention to the type of reward as well as whether they are rewarded D. care more about how they are rewarded
66. Which of the following can best summarize the passage? A. Animals? various ways to show anger
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B. Dogs are more envious than human beings
C. Most animals want to be rewarded for their work D. Animals also have a sense of fairness
(D)
Christmas is still a few weeks away. But in Holland, Germany and other parts of central Europe, a man dressed in red with a big white beard will already be flying from house to house with a big sack (麻袋) and presents for children. “Sinterklaas komt! ” as Dutch children say—Saint Nicholas is coming!
It?s obvious from the name that “Santa Claus” comes from “Sinterklaas”. Saint Nicholas Day is celebrated on December 6, but there are many things about the saint and his festival that are similar to Christmas. Just as Santa has reindeer (驯鹿), so Sinterklaas has a white horse. Dutch and German children put their shoes out in front of the chimney just like children hang up their stockings on Christmas Eve,
hoping that in the morning they will be full of presents. With Sinterklaas, however, you?re also expected to put a carrot in your shoe as a present to his horse.
Like Santa, Sinterklaas also judges whether children have been “naughty or nice”in the past year to help him decide whether they deserve presents. But while good children get sweets, the consequences of being bad are far worse than they are with Father Christmas. Naughty children are given a stick so their parents can beat them. If you are really, really bad, Sinterklaas will put you into a sack and take you away.
In parts of Germany and Austria, people also celebrate December 5—but it is a celebration of naughtiness rather than niceness. On “Krampus Day”, bizarre (奇特的), horned demons (长着角的怪物) (or rather boys dressed in costumes) run around causing havoc (浩劫) and hitting girls with sticks. Authorities have struggled for years to ban the tradition, but have not been successful. Luckily Saint Nicholas always comes next day to put things right.
67. What is the main focus of the article? A. The history of Christmas Day.
B. The traditions of Saint Nicholas Day.
C. The similarities between Christmas Day and Saint Nicholas Day. D. The connection between Saint Nicholas Day and Krampus Day. 68. Which of the following statements about Saint Nicholas is TRUE? A. The festival falls on December 5 in most European countries. B. On the eve of Saint Nicholas Day, people usually eat carrots.
C. In Germany, children expect to get gifts in their shoes on Saint Nicholas Day. D. Like Santa, Sinterklaas is believed to ride his reindeer from house to house to give
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gifts to children.
69. What can we conclude from Paragraph 3?
A. Naughty children don?t get anything from Sinterklaas. B. As well as children, Sinterklaas also brings gifts for adults. C. Sinterklaas is more generous than Father Christmas.
D. Sinterklaas treats good children better than naughty children.
70. What is the attitude of authorities towards Krampus Day traditions, according to the article?
A. They have tried in vain to get rid of some of the traditions. B. They organize various activities to entertain people. C. They respect the way people celebrate it.
D. They regard it as an important tradition and try to promote it.
第四部分 任务型阅读 (共10小题; 每小题1分，满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文, 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
Did you know that falling down is the leading cause of injury death for Americans aged 65 and older?
Each year 35 to 40 percent of older adult Americans fall at least once.
Falling down is not just the result of getting older. Falling can be caused by a variety of circumstances, and many falls can be prevented.
Here are 4 simple steps you can take to significantly reduce your risk of injury from falling down.
Improve Your Body Balance with Exercise to Prevent Falling.
·If you don?t have a regular exercise program, start one. Lack of exercise leads to weakness, and that increases your chances of falling.
·Exercise can improve your body balance and flexibility at any age. Try exercises like Yoga and Tai Chi.
·If you are over 50 and haven?t exercised regularly, check with your health care provider about the best type of exercise program for you.
Increase Your Home?s Accessibility and Safety to Reduce Falling Risks
About half of all falls happen at home. To increase accessibility and make your home safer:
·Remove items you might trip over from stairs and places where you walk. ·Remove small throw rugs(易滑地垫)or use double-sided tape to keep the rugs from slipping.
·Have grab bars installed next to your toilet, and install grab bars in your tub or shower.
·Improve the lighting in your home.
·Make sure all stairways have handrails and sufficient lighting. ·Wear shoes that give good support and have thin non-slip soles.
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