本科毕业设计（论文） ( 2013届 )
题 目：从违反合作原则角度分析奥普拉.温弗里脱
口秀节目
分 院： 文 学 专 业： 英 语 学生姓名： 学号： 09096609 指导教师： 职称： 讲师 合作导师： 职称： 完成时间： 2013 年 4 月 18 日 成 绩：
Analysis of Oprah Winfrey Talk Show from the Perspective of the Violation of Cooperative Principle
浙江师范大学行知学院本科毕业设计(论文)正文
目 录
Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii 摘要 .................................................................................................................................... ii 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 2. Literature review............................................................................................................. 2 2.1 Pervious Studies of Cooperative Principle ............................................................... 2 2.2 Pervious Studies of Oprah Winfrey Show ................................................................ 3 2.3 Previous Studies of Talk Show from Perspective of CP ........................................... 4 3. An Analysis of the Violation of CP in Oprah Winfrey Show ......................................... 5 3.1 Violation of Quantity Maxim ................................................................................... 5 3.1.1 Repetition ...................................................................................................... 5 3.1.2 Prolixity ......................................................................................................... 6 3.1.3 Ellipsis ........................................................................................................... 6 3. 2 Violation of Quality Maxim .................................................................................... 7 3.2.1Metaphor ......................................................................................................... 7 3.2.2 Rhetorical Questions ..................................................................................... 8 3.2.3 Hyperbole ...................................................................................................... 9 3. 3 Violation of Relevance Maxim ................................................................................ 9 3.3.1 Giving Hint .................................................................................................. 10 3.3.2 Giving Association Clues ............................................................................ 10 3. 4 Violation of Manner Maxim ................................................................................... 11 3. 4.1 Obscurity ..................................................................................................... 11 3.4.2 Ambiguity .................................................................................................... 12 4. Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 12 Works Cited ...................................................................................................................... 14
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Analysis of Oprah Winfrey Talk Show from the Perspective of the Violation of Cooperative Principle
Analysis of Oprah Winfrey Talk Show
from the Perspective of the Violation of Cooperative Principle
Lin Yuqian
Abstract: Oprah Winfrey Show is one of the most well know and influential programme in thousand kinds of talk shows in the world. The article analyses it from the perspective of the violation of the cooperative principle. The article lists a series of tactful strategies often used by the host and the guest in the interview to analyze the process of how both sides violate cooperative principle and generate conversational implicature to avoid the direct confrontation, embarrassment or other negative consequences. It can help us to better understand the consequence of TV interview between host and guest.
Key Words: Cooperative Principle ; talk show ; violation: conversational implicature
从违反合作原则角度分析奥普拉.温弗里脱口秀节目
林渝茜
摘要：奥普拉·温弗里的脱口秀节目可以算作是最受欢迎，最具影响力的一个。本文通过违反合作原则理论对奥普拉的脱口秀进行分析本文列举了一系列采访中主客双方常常会用到的策略,分析双方为避免直接冲突,尴尬和其他不良后果而违反合作原则产生会话含义的过程。以帮助我们更好地了解电视访谈中主持人和嘉宾在交谈中所表达的效果。
关键词：合作原则；脱口秀；违反；会话含义
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Analysis of Oprah Winfrey Talk Show from the Perspective of the Violation of Cooperative Principle
Analysis of Oprah Winfrey Talk Show
from the Perspective of the Violation of Cooperative Principle
English Department 2009 (06) Lin Yuqian
Tutor: Li Huiming
1. Introduction
In our daily life, Observing cooperative Principle(CP) is one of the factor to determine the success of our conversation. CP is very commonly applied in our daily life. According to Grice?s Conversational Implicature Theory, the CP is the premise and guarantee for a successful conversation. It demands people?s observance to its sub-maxims to reach their personal or social goals in the process of communication in which dialogues are adopted as the main means. However, for some reason, CP is violated. The violation of CP usually creates certain implicated meanings which are used as an indirect way to indicate a speaker?s intention. Oprah Winfrey Show as one of the most success talk show in the world provids with us important corpus. Why Oprah Winfrey Show is so successful? It is because the host and guest can use the CP appropriately, it is also the reason why the programme can be so marvelous.
Though the analysis of Oprah Winfrey Show from the perspective of violating the CP, we can find that the host and guest is not always observing the CP. Sometimes they would like to violating the CP to ignore or avoid some question, or to make a joke... Through the analysis of violat the CP it will be better for us to communicate or interview with other people. The article is based on the theoretical framework of Grice?s Conversational Implicature Theory, borrowing some academic experience from other people. Grice?s Conversational Implicature Theory is proposed by four maxims, the maxims of Quantity, Quality, Relation and Manner. The maxim of Quantity is concerned with the amount of information to be provided by an utterance. The maxim of Quality try to make your contribution one that is true, specially. The maxim of Relevance, The maxim of Manner which is be perspicuous, and specifically in short, these maxims specify what participants have to do in order to converse in a maximally efficient, rational, cooperative way: they should speak sincerely, relevantly and clearly, while providing enough information.(Grice, 132)
Overall, every maxim is different. In the first part, the article will introducing what the article mainly talk about and analyze with CP. In the second part, which will show some previous studies. And the main part will quote some strategies to show how the host and guest violating the CP, in order to avoid conflict and embarrassment. It will be better for readers to appreciate the talk show and communicate with others. What?s more, in the final part, it will show you the conclusion of this article.
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Analysis of Oprah Winfrey Talk Show from the Perspective of the Violation of Cooperative Principle
2. Literature review
2.1 Pervious Studies of Cooperative Principle
In 1967, the Oxford philosopher H. P. Grice delivered his William James Lectures at Harvard University. In these lectures, Grice presented a panorama of his philosophical thinking on meaning and communication. (Huang Yan 23) In his second lecture titled “Logic and Conversation”, which is published in Syntax and Semantics, Vol.3: Speech Acts, Grice proposed the Cooperative Principle and Conversational Implicature.“Grice?s suggestion is that there is a set of over-arching assumptions guiding the conduct of conversation. These arise, it seems, from basic rational considerations and may be formulates guidelines for the efficient and effective use of language in conversation to further cooperative ends. Grice identifies as guidelines of this sort four basic Maxims of Conversation or general principles underlying the efficient cooperative use of language, which jointly express a general Cooperative Principle.” (Levinson 101)
The Cooperative Principle runs as follows: make your contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged. Echoing Kant, Grice calls these four maxims Quantity, Quality, Relation, and Manner. 1) The maxim of Quantity
The maxim of quantity is concerned with the amount of information to be provided by
an utterance, and under it fall the following maxims:
(1) make your contribution as informative as is required for the current purposes of the exchange
(2) do not make your contribution more informative than is required. 2) The maxim of Quality
try to make your contribution one that is true, specially: (1) do not say what you believe to be false.
(2) do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.Under the category of Quality falls a super-maxim— “try to make your contribution one that is true”, according to Grice, if someone flouts this maxim, then he/she tells a lie.
3) The maxim of Relevance
make your contributions relevant This maxim can be interpreted as making sure what you say is relevant to the conversation at hand. The point of this maxim is that it is not sufficient for statement to be true for it to Constitute an acceptable conversational contribution. 4) The maxim of Manner
be perspicuous, and specifically:
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