2. Good food is essential for a healthy life, but mainstream eating habits are increasingly deficient in important vitamins, minerals and fibre, leading to many undesirable symptoms and health problems.
Good food is very important in a healthy life, but most people?s eating habits cause many unwanted health problems because of the lack of important vitamins, minerals and fibre.
essential: a. extremely important in a particular situation or for a particular activity; completely necessary; 极其重要的；必不可少的
e.g. Money is not essential to happiness. 金钱对于幸福并非必不可少。 It is essential to form a good studying habit.
养成一个好的学习习惯是极其重要的。
deficient (in sth.): a. not having enough of sth 缺乏的，不足的 e.g. Children in the poor region are deficient in health care.
那个贫困地区的孩子缺乏医疗保障。
Being deficient in resources, he had to give up the plan 由于缺少资源，他不得不放弃这个计划。 undesirable: a. not wanted or approved of 不想要的
e.g. We don’t have to add those undesirable troubles to our daily life .
我们没必要把那些不想要的麻烦带到生活中去。 It would be undesirable to increase class size.
大家会不愿意增加班级人数的。 Para.2-3 Fibre is essential for the efficient 在充分消化食物并使体内重digestion of food and maintains a healthy 要的“有益”细菌保持在健康level of important ?good? bacteria in the 水平方面，纤维是极其重要的。body. There are two main groups of fibre 纤维分为主要的两大类和许多and many different kinds—some of which 不同的小类——其中一些甚至even absorb water to create a greater 可以通过吸收水分制造出更强feeling of satiation thus controlling how 的饱食感，从而控制我们的饮食much we eat and how often. 量和饮食频率。 Fruits and vegetables are often 水果和蔬菜往往是纤维的绝excellent sources of fibre, as well as being 佳来源，而且都是低热量的。我low in calories. Our hunter-gatherer 们靠采猎为生的祖先就食用大ancestors ate many fruits, vegetables and 量的水果，蔬菜和原粮，但现在unprocessed grains, but nowadays an 加工食品的增加减少了我们的increase in processed foods has reduced 纤维摄入量。 our intake. Main idea: The importance of fibre and its sources. 3. Fibre is essential for the efficient digestion of food and maintains a healthy level of important ?good? bacteria in the body.
Fibre is very important because it can help digest food quickly and keep a healthy amount of useful bacteria in body.
efficient: a. doing sth. well and thoroughly without waste of time, money or energy 效率高的
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e.g. It will be an efficient way to find out the water source. 这将是一个找到水源的高效方法。
As we get older, our bodies become less efficient at burning up calories. 随着年龄的增长，我们的身体消耗热量的效率逐渐减弱。 digestion: n. the process of digesting消化；理解
e.g. Organic food is helpful to your digestion . 有机食品有助消化。 He needs a lot of time for his digestion of the information. 他要花很长时间来消化这些信息。 4. ? some of which even absorb water to create a greater feeling of satiation thus controlling how much we eat and how often.
? some fibre can take in water to give people the feeling of fullness, and in this way it reduces the frequency and the amount people eat. absorb: v. take in 吸收
e.g. Chemicals in our bodies break down the food we eat so that we can absorb it. 我们体内的化学物质分解我们所吃的食物，以便我们能够吸收。 The country cannot absorb so many refugees.
这个国家不能接纳这么多的难民。
thus: adv. in this way; like this 以此方式；这样
e.g. Many researchers have done thus. 许多研究者都这样做过。
The university has expanded recently, thus allowing many more people the chance of higher education.
这个大学最近扩招了，这样就使更多人有了接受高等教育的机会。 5. Fruits and vegetables are often excellent sources of fibre, as well as being low in calories.
Fruits and vegetables are often rich in fibre. In addition they have few calories.
source: n. a place, person or thing that you get sth. from 来源，出处
e.g. The Internet is my main source of information. 网络是我的主要信息来源。 What is their main source of income? 他们的主要收入来源是什么？ as well as: in addition to 也；除……之外
e.g. This store sells books as well as CDs. 这个小店既卖书也卖CD。 It’s in his best interests as well as yours. 这最符合他的利益，也最符合你的利益。 Para. 4 Some people think that they can meet 一些人认为，他们可以通过食their daily health requirements by taking 用一些补充营养品满足每天的supplements, but researchers have 健康所需，但研究者证明没有什determined that there is no substitute for 么能替代天然的维他命，因为它natural vitamins. They are more beneficial, 们更有益，带来更多的乐趣，而provide more pleasure, and happen to be 且比每天吃维生素片便宜！事实less expensive than taking a vitamin pill 上，有些人并不能吸收某些“人every day! In fact, some people cannot 造”的矿物质和维生素。 absorb certain ?man-made? minerals and vitamins. Main idea: The importance of natural vitamins.
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6. Some people think that they can meet their daily health requirements by taking supplements, but researchers have determined that there is no substitute for natural vitamins.
Some people think that they can take supplements to meet their daily health need, but researchers have proved that natural vitamins can not be replaced by man-made ones.
requirement: something you need or want 所需的东西，要求 e.g. As we know, concentration is the first requirement for learning. 我们都知道，专注是学习的首要要求。
The engineer changed the old design according to market requirements. 工程师根据市场的需求改变了老式的设计。 meet one?s requirements: 满足需要
e.g. All we can do now is to meet the requirements of parents. 我们现在能做的就是满足家长们的要求。
You can meet your employer’s requirements only by working hard. 你只有通过努力工作才能达到雇主的要求。
supplement: n. a thing that is added to sth. else补充（物） e.g. I take regular vitamin supplements and exercise every day. 我经常性的服用补充的维他命，并天天锻炼身体。 Industrial sponsorship is a supplement to government funding. 工业界的赞助是对政府拨款的补充。
substitute (for sb./sth.): n. a person or thing that you use or have instead of the one you normally use or have 代替者；替代物
e.g. Paul’s father only saw him as a substitute for his dead brother. 保罗的父亲只是把他当作他死去的哥哥的替身。 I will be your substitute teacher for the next month. 下个月我将成为你们的代课老师。
7. They are more beneficial, provide more pleasure, and happen to be less expensive than taking a vitamin pill every day!
Natural vitamins are more useful, more pleasant to take and are cheaper than vitamin pills for everyday use.
beneficial (to sth./sb.): a. improving a situation; having a helpful or useful effect 有益的；有帮助的
e.g. A good eating habit is beneficial to health. 好的饮食习惯有利于健康。
His honesty is beneficial to his being popular in this company. 他的诚实使得他在公司颇受欢迎。
happen to: do or be sth. by chance 碰巧做；恰好是 e.g. We happened to discover we had a friend in common. 我们碰巧发现我们有一个共同的朋友。
It happens to be a good chance for the children to communicate with others. 这恰好是一个让孩子们与别人交流的好机会。 Para. 5-6 Cooking at high temperatures also 高温烹饪同样也会减少食物reduces the goodness of food—protein is 中的有益物质——蛋白质会减
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少，60%到70%的维生素会流失。这两者对促进、保持能量和健康都是必需的。由于自然食物需要花很长时间准备和烹饪，大多数人选择了便利，牺牲了健康。繁忙的生活方式使人们不能耗费时间准备食物，有些人认为自己有更重要的事情要多，加工食品就成了这些人的必需品。然而，伴随便捷而来的是高昂的代价。 正确准备和烹饪的食物味道Properly prepared and cooked food tastes 更佳，并能起到延缓衰老的重要better, and it plays an important role in 作用——健康的饮食需要关注slowing the aging process—eating healthily 细节。能够这么做的人将会受益requires attention to detail and those who 颇多，如果仅仅把食物当作身体practise it are richly rewarded, while 所需的燃料，最终必会付出高昂treating food simply as fuel for the body 的代价。 inevitably proves costly in the end. Main idea: Properly cooked food is important for our health. 8. Both of them are vital for building and maintaining energy and health. Both protein and vitamins are very important for our bodies to keep energy and health.
vital: a. necessary, essential 必不可少的；极重要的 e.g. Positive attitudes are vital to success. 积极的态度是成功必备的。 You can’t neglect the vital part of this work.
你不能忽视这项工作中极为重要的部分。
9. Most people prefer convenience to health, as natural food can take a long time to prepare and cook.
Because it takes much time to prepare and cook natural food, most people choose to save time at the cost of health.
convenience: a. the quality of being useful, easy or suitable for sb. 便利，省事 e.g. The couple moved to this neighbourhood just for the convenience of work. 这对夫妻搬到该社区就是为了工作便利。
We have provided seats for the convenience of our customers. 为方便顾客，我们准备了座位。
prefer ? to ?: choose one thing rather than sth. else 比起……来还是……好
e.g. My grandmother prefers tea to coffee. 相比咖啡而言，我祖母更喜欢茶。 They prefer jazz to pop music.
他们喜欢爵士乐多过流行音乐。
10. Busy life styles prevent time-consuming food preparation, and make processed food a necessity for people who feel they have more important things to do.
Busy life styles make it impossible for people to spare much time to
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reduced and 60 to 70 percent of vitamins are lost. Both of them are vital for building and maintaining energy and health. Most people prefer convenience to health, as natural food can take a long time to prepare and cook. Busy lifestyles prevent time-consuming food preparation, and make processed food a necessity for people who feel they have more important things to do. But convenience comes at a high price.
prepare food. As a result, processed food seems quite necessary for people who think they should do other important things instead of cooking. time-consuming: a. 费时的
e.g. Some of the time-consuming jobs can now be done by machines. 有些费时的工作现在可以用机器完成了。
Starting a new business, however small, is a time-consuming exercise. 开始经营一家无论多小新公司，都是一件耗时的事。 necessity: n. a thing that you must have 必需品 e.g. Water is a basic necessity of life. 水是生活的一个基本必需品。
Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 在学习中，独立思考是绝对必要的。 11. But convenience comes at a high price.
But you pay a high price for the convenience you enjoy. at a high price: 以（相当）高的价格/代价
e.g. They will be able to sell their land at a high price. 他们将能以高价出售他们的土地。
Even if truth and justice come at a high price, we will not give up. 即使真理和正义代价高昂，我们也决不放弃。
12. Properly prepared and cooked foods taste better, and they play an important role in slowing the aging process …
Foods which are prepared and cooked in the right manner are more delicious, and they are very useful in keeping people from quickly growing old … properly: ad. in the right manner 正确地，适当地 e.g. The child was unable to speak and walk properly. 这个孩子不会说话，也不能正常走路。
When muscles are exercised often and properly, they keep the arms firm. 如果肌肉能够经常地得到适当的锻炼，它们能使肢体结实。 play an important role: 起重要作用
e.g. What he said played an important role in the leader’s decision. 他所说的在领导的决策中起了重要作用。
The invention plays an important role in the success of the project. 那项发明对这个项目的成功起了重要作用。
13. ? eating healthily requires attention to detail and those who practice it are richly rewarded, while treating food simply as fuel for the body inevitably proves costly in the end.
If you want to eat healthily, you need to pay attention to details. People who do it in this way get lots of benefits. But if you eat just for getting full, you are certain to pay a high price finally.
detail: n. the small facts and features of sth. 细节，详情 e.g. The details of the plan are still being worked out. 计划的细节依然正在制定中。
No details of the discussions have been given. 讨论的细节还没有告知大家。
reward: v./n. give sth. to sb. because they have done sth. good, worked hard, etc. 回报，奖励
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