0:05
the world is becoming more and more interconnected 0:10
never before in human history has there existed such an intense relationship 0:13
between international trade 0:15
communication and politics the term globalization is all around us 0:19
sometimes as an opportunity sometimes as a new challenge 0:23
but what exactly does globalization mean and water its ramifications 0:28
even though the term globalization is frequently used 0:32
it is not easy to define one thing is clear: in today's world 0:36
economic environmental social and political issues and problems 0:40
are no longer limited to the national level because the world has become so 0:43
interdependent 0:44
reasonable governance can only be realized within broader group of 0:48
stakeholders 0:49
for example state confederation such as the European Union 0:52
regional economic organizations like the OECD 0:55
portable world 1:01
today modern communication technology and mass media 1:04
like radio TV phones or internet 1:07
our global standard this means that information can be distributed worldwide 1:12
in real time at affordable prices for instance 1:18
the average price of a telephone call from New York to London 1:21
has decreased by 99 percent since nineteen thirty
1:24 did 1:28
international TV broadcasters deliver information 1:31
opinions and cultural products the most remote areas 1:38
the cost for transportation of products and persons trapped by 65 percent since 1:42
nineteen thirty 1:44
due to low fuel prices and the development of new means of 1:46
transportation 1:48
in particular container shipping air freight costs have dropped even more 1:52
eighty-eight percent on 1:56
the freight charges per ton of coffee delivered from Asia to Europe 2:00
only counts for one percent price on 2:05
such developments are the result of technological advancements 2:09
but there are some aspects which were introduced purposefully as well 2:13
since the nineteen eighties the richer more industrialized countries work 2:17
towards removing trade barriers 2:18
such as tariffs import quotas and fans 2:21
worldwide first new technologies 2:29
decreasing transportation costs and the liberalization of international trade 2:33
has made it possible and profitable for major companies to produce and sell 2:38
worldwide let's take a glance at the three main areas of globalization 2:43
the economic sphere is a particular importance 2:46
it is a major catalyst for globalization
2:50
and is at the same time the most affected area 2:53
international exports have increased 30-fold 2:57
in the last 60 years the foreign direct investment companies and governments 3:05
has increased substantially it's written from $13 billion dollars per year 3:11
in nineteen seventy to more than one point a trillion today 3:15 up 3:19
many companies are searching for new markets and opportunities for cheap 3:22
production 3:23
in countries with low wages and soft environmental regulations 3:27
the number of such multinational corporations 3:30
rose from 7000 to 65,000 3:34
since the 1990s %uh similar to the world economy 3:42
international politics is also more interdependent today 3:45
most important policy issues like climate change the financial crisis 3:50
for terrorism do not care about borders 3:53
such problems cannot be solved by a single state along 3:58
politics tries to react by attempting to make decisions 4:01
in broader group of countries like the EU the g20 4:05
or even the United Nations at the same time 4:09
they're more and more international pressure group which do not belong to a 4:13
particular state 4:14
the so-called non-governmental organizations
4:18
or NGOs were able to exert influence in politics related to their field of work 4:23
examples include Greenpeace Amnesty International 4:28
or attack a global public forum evolves through the previously mentioned new 4:34
possibilities have communication 4:36
ngos use this in order to influence politics 4:44
international political problems and the emergence of new global actors like NGOs 4:48
in multinational corporations 4:50
lead to a decrease have the political attitude of single States 4:53
especially if small states the influence of globalization can be observed in our 5:02
culture as well 5:03
one aspect is often referred to as macworld 5:08
the term describes how Western culture especially popular culture 5:12
becomes dominant and destroys cultural diversity 5:16
the global distribution and western music news 5:19
products even the English language promotes this effect 5:23
on to counter globalization 5:26
we can also see backlash for example 5:30
people are increasingly returning to local and regional cultural customs 5:35
globalization is a very complex development 5:39
some countries benefit more others benefit less 5:43
newly industrialized countries like Taiwan and South Korea 5:47
as well as the rapidly developing India Brazil and China
5:50
gain considerable advantage from their integration into the world economy 5:54
they can build up their factories with foreign direct investment in 5:58
infrastructure 5:59
and sell their products internationally due to the low wages in these countries 6:04
these products are very competitive on the world market 6:07
China represents a perfect example 6:12
how broader population can benefit to it's fast economic growth 6:17
has enabled $500 million chinese to leave extreme poverty 6:20
on the other hand 6:24
their whole regions who are suffering more than they're benefiting from 6:27
globalisation 6:28
this is particularly true for most sub-saharan African countries 6:33
such countries are not prepared to fish in Li 6:36
for Titan international competition the cheap products produced by industrial 6:40
a newly industrialised countries but the local markets and destroy local 6:44
production facilities 6:45
moreover these countries are not attractive for foreign investors 6:50
thus they cannot walk the same route as the newly industrialized countries 6:54
on globalization is both 6:58
threat an opportunity for industrialized countries on the one hand 7:02
they can acquire new markets for their industrial goods on the other hand 7:06
they're facing the competition newly industrialized countries
7:10
the can produce at lower costs specifically 7:13
production of simple good is no longer profitable very few products 7:18
like textiles toys are white goods purcell produced in industrialized 7:22 countries 7:22 up 7:25
on it becomes clear 7:29
if localization takes place at many areas such as politics 7:33
culture and the economy declining costs of transport and communication 7:38
and the global liberalization markets the field this trend 7:42
while some countries benefit from globalization 7:45
it is exacerbated problems and others thus 7:49
globalization presents both new opportunities and 7:53
new challenges