Section Four Consolidation Activities
I. Vocabulary
I. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words. 1. gladden my heart 2. situation;circumstances 3. threat 4. splendid; heroic 5. sudden small movement because of pain or fear.
II. Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with a word or phrase from the box in its appropriate from.
1. put... Through 2. addressed himself to 3. was going through 4. Throwing our minds back to 5. yield to 6. close our account 7. ups and downs 8. Misfortunes
III. Word derivation
1) catastrophe n. → catastrophic a. → catastrophically ad.
① 那场地震是个大灾难，夺去了许多人的生命。
The earthquake was a major catastrophe, causing heavy loss of life. ② 战争的灾难性后果很快显现出来。
The catastrophic consequences of the war soon unfolded.
③ 关键时刻，预警系统灾难性地崩溃了。
The Warning System catastrophically collapsed at that critical moment.
2) deceive v. → deceptive a. → deceptively ad. → deception n.
① 他们骗她在文件上签了字。
They deceived her into signing the paper. ② 外表往往是靠不住的。
Appearances can often be deceptive． ③ 房子从外面看起来很小（实际上很大）。 The house looks deceptively small from the outside.
④ 他通过欺骗手段获取了那片资产。 He obtained that property by deception.
3) convict v. → conviction n.
① 他被判犯有谋杀罪。 He was convicted of murder. ② 她是一个道德信念坚定的女子。 She is a women of strong moral convictions.
4) apparent a. → apparently ad.
① 今年的利润表面上有所增加，是因为出售了公司的一部分财产。
The apparent improvement in this year’s profits is due to the selling off of some of the company’s property. ② 看来他们要提高电费了。
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Apparently, they are intending to put up the price of electricity.
5) persevere v. → persevering a. → perseverance n.
① 如果你把工作坚持下去，最终会取得成功的。
If you persevere with your work, you will succeed in the end. ② 玛丽是一位锲而不舍的学生。 Mary is a persevering student. ③ 他学得慢，但面对困难却表现出坚忍不拔的毅力。
He is slow to learn, but shows great perseverance in the face of difficulty.
6) desperate a. → desperately ad. → desperation n.
① 国家正遭受严重的食物短缺。
The country is suffering from a desperate shortage of food. ② 因为缺乏食物，他病得奄奄一息。
Due to the lack of food, he became desperately ill. ③ 他不顾一切地拼命踢门，企图能逃出去。
In desperation, he kicked at the door, hoping to escape.
7) flinch v. → flinching a.
Ant. unflinching a. → unflinchingly ad.
① 看到血，他畏缩了。
He flinched at the sight of blood.
② 在最艰难的时期，她忠贞不移地陪伴着他。
In the hardest time, she accompanied him with unflinching loyalty. ③ 他毫不畏惧地直面我的注视。 He met my gaze unflinchingly.
8) courage n. → courageous a. → encourage v. → encouraging a.
① 她听到这个坏消息时，表现出了非凡的勇气。
She showed remarkable courage when she heard the bad news.
② 你坦白承认自己的错误，真是勇敢。
It was courageous of your to frankly admit your mistake.
③ 你应该鼓励她去追逐自己的梦想，而不应该将你自己的想法强加于她。
You should encourage her in pursuit of her dreams, instead of imposing your own thoughts upon her.
④ 最近的贸易数字非常令人鼓舞。
The latest trade figures are very encouraging.
1． Phrase practice
1) She wouldn’t want to put them through the suffering of a huge ceremony.
put sb. through sth.: make sb. experience sth. very difficult or unpleasant e.g. 你最近让你的家人受了不少苦。
You have put your family through a lot recently.
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2) The famous orator addressed himself to the public to promote his newly published book.
address oneself to: (formal) think about a problem or a situation and decide how you are going to deal with it
e.g. 我们必须要致力于交通污染问题。
We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution.
3) At that time, South Africa was going through a period of big events as the Blacks fought for
equality.
go through: experience or suffer sth.
e.g. 我钦佩她经历了那么多苦难以后，依然这样开朗快乐。
I admire the way she’s still so cheerful after all she’s gone through.
IV. Choose the word that can replace the underlined part in each sentence without changing its original meaning.
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. A
2． Synonym/Antonym
1. We had the unmeasured menace of the enemy. Synonym: threat, danger 2. The ten months that have passed have seen very terrible catastrophic events in the world — ups and downs.
Antonym: happy, successful 3. …, each of us according to our stations, to play a part in making these days memorable in the history of our race. Synonym: position 4. Never yield to force; never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy. Synonym: seemingly 5. As Kipling well says, we must “… meet with Triumph and Disaster. And treat those two imposters just the same.” Antonym: defeat, failure 6. There was no flinching and no thought of giving in. Synonym: retreat, shrink, withdraw 7. You sang that extra verse written in my honour, which I was very greatly complimented by. Synonym: praise, commend, laud 8. All this tradition of ours, our songs, our school history, this part of the history of this country, were gone and finished and liquidated. Synonym: destroy
VI. Explain the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence
1. current 2. shown 3. frequently 4. depressed 5. try harder 6. takes in
II. Grammar
1) Coordination
A coordinate construction is a sequence of semantically-related grammatical units that are similar in form, equal in rank of structure, identical in function and are connected by coordinators such
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as “and”, “or”, and “but”. The coordinate construction can be a sequence of coordinated words, phrases, or clauses. When two or more independent clauses are coordinated, they form a compound sentence.
For example:
triumph and disaster (coordinated words) large or petty (coordinated words)
with strength but without confidence (coordinated phrases)
The children can go with us, or they can stay at home. (coordinated clauses / compound sentence)
Practice:
1. Combine the sentences in each of the following groups into one sentence, using parallel
constructions (coordination) wherever possible. ① A. Tom speaks Chinese fluently.
B. He can’t write in it.
Answer: Tom speaks Chinese fluently, but he can’t write in it. ② A. I have nothing to offer.
B. I can offer blood. C. I can offer toil. D. I can offer tears. E. I can offer sweat.
Answer: I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. ③ A. Ruel went into the forest.
B. Cameron went into the forest too.
C. They collected a lot of insect specimens.
Answer: Ruel and Cameron went into the forest and collected a lot of insect specimens. ④ A. No matter how you measure it, education is the largest “industry” in the nation.
B. You can measure it in terms of dollars spent. C. You can measure it in terms of people involved.
Answer: Education is the largest “industry” in the nation either in terms of dollars spent or in terms of people involved.
2. Improve the following sentences. ① Marian could not decide whether she should start college right after high school or to get a job first.
Answer: Marian could not decide whether to start college right after high school or to get a job first. ② The requirements for a chemistry degree are not as strict as a medical degree.
Answer: The requirements for a chemistry degree are not as strict as the requirements / those
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for a medical degree. ③ Either he is an absolute coward or a fool.
Answer: He is either an absolute coward or a fool. ④ The students are not only organizing social activities, but also are interested in political questions.
Answer: The students are not only organizing social activities, but also showing an interest in political questions.
2) Tense
Tense is a grammatical form associated with verbs that tells of the distinctions of time. English verbs have three tenses: the past, the present and the future tenses. Tenses often combine with aspects (the progressive aspect for incomplete actions and the perfective aspect for complete actions) in daily expressions.
For example:
She plays the piano very well. (simple present)
She played the piano very well when she was young. (simple past) She will play the piano later. (simple future)
She was playing the piano at 6 pm. (past progressive)
She has been playing the piano since 6 pm. (present perfective progressive)
Practice:
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs given. ① I will make sure that everything ______ (be) in order. Answer: is ② Mr. Smith ______ (step) into his office, ______ (sit) down and ______ (begin) to fill in the
forms.
Answer: stepped, sat, began ③ Trains __________ (run) very badly since the railway staff __________(begin) a “go-slow”
last month.
Answer: have run / have been running, began ④ Several times the train __________ (take) me nearly two hours to get home whereas in
normal conditions it ___________ (take) me half the time. Answer: has taken, takes
I. Improve the following sentences.
1. The school teaches shorthand, bookkeeping and the use of business machines.
2. The sentence is difficult to understand not because of the technical vocabulary but because of the faulty syntax.
3. Marian could not decide whether to start college right after high school or to get a job first. 4. The Allies decided to invade Ital and hen to launch a massive assault on the Normandy coast. 5. The actor was stunned not only by the noise of booing but also by the sight of flying tomatoes.
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