解决问题的一个实例
4. 总结与展望
本文主要是实现一个嵌入式网卡驱动的功能，在物联网中可以通过该以太网网卡进行数
据的传输，他是建立一个通信网络并为家庭提供信息必要的通路；在家庭网络操作系统的控制下，通过相应的硬件和执行机构，实现对所有家庭网络上家电和设备的控制和监测。其网络结构的组成必然有家庭网关。家庭网关主要实现控制网络和信息网络的信号综合并与外界接口，以便作远程控制和信息交换。不论是网关还是各家电上的控制模块，都需有嵌入式操作系统。这些操作系统必须具有内嵌式、实时性好、多用户的特点。南京东大移动互联技术有限公司研制的智能多媒体家庭网关，就是以嵌入式Linux作为该嵌入式设备的操作系统，设备之间的相互通信遵从蓝牙通信协议，可以支持多个设备同时接入到固定电话网、国际互联网等其它外部网络。嵌入式系统开发和以前从事的开发工作实质上并无区别，唯一改变的是每个硬件平台都是独特的，这一个不同点导致了许多附加的开发复杂性，因而，在嵌入式开发过程中要格外注意软件创建过程；而且，在开发嵌入式产品之前要对选用的嵌入式硬件平台有较多的了解，具备相应的硬件知识，和硬件工程师密切配合；在选用嵌入式操作系统和硬件平台时要根据所要开发的应用的需要以及成本等方面的考虑选择合适的系统和平台在科技快速发展的今天，嵌入式产品将会越来越多地被广泛应用。我们相信，只要遵循嵌入式产品的开发规律，适应市场的需求，就一定能开发出越来越多的嵌入式产品。于小范围无线通信协议的嵌入式产品 以蓝牙为代表的小范围无线接入协议与嵌入式系统的结合，必将推动嵌入式系统的广泛应用。近来，基于这些协议的嵌入式产品层出不穷，包括各种电话系统、无线公文包、各类数字电子设备以及在电子商务中的应用。这些产品以其微型化和低成本的特点为它们在家庭和办公室自动化、电子商务、工业控制、智能化建筑物和各种特殊场合的应用开辟了广阔的前景。
本文中也存在许多不足之处，由于时间有限并且嵌入式是一个比较注重技术的，很多关
键的技术一时难以理解，未加以应用，网卡驱动的功能务必会受到影响，只能作为一个简单的数据流的接受与发送，正真能用于物联网中的信息传输，还必须学习新知识，把许多新的技术应用才能够快速传输数据，达到物联网信息传送水平。在以后的学习与工作中我会加以完善以改正。
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总结与展望
参考文献
[1]宁焕生，王炳辉。RFID重大工程与国家物联网.机械工业出版社[M]。第一版，2010年 [2]彭舰，陈良银。嵌入式系统设计.重庆大学出版社[M]。第一版，2008年 [3]邓顺国。电子商务概论.清华大学出版社[M]。第一版，2006年
[4]LawrenceBerkeley。TCP/IP详解卷1. 机械工业出版社[M]。第一版，2000年 [5]SPI原理。http://baike.http://www.wodefanwen.com//view/245026.htm 5月 8号 [6]美國微芯科技公司廠家。ENC28J60中文手册[M]。
[7]IEEE Standard for information technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems-Local and metropolitan area networks-Specific
requirements.part11: Wireless LAN Medium AccessControl (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications. Amendment 8: Medium Access Control (MAC) Quality of Service Enhancements
[8] Adam Dunkels. LwIP source code
[9] (美)Comer,D.E.用TCP／IP 进行网际互联第一卷:原理、协议和结构(第四版)[M].林瑶,等,译.北京:电子工业出版社,2001
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英文原文
致 谢
论文的选题和写作过程中，自始至终得到了我的导师薛大伸教授的精心指导和无微不至的关心帮助，在薛教授渊博的专业学识和严谨的治学态度的指导下，在他为我创造的良好的学习和研究环境中，我的论文得以顺利完成并且我本人受益匪浅。在此向我的导师表示衷心的感谢！另外我还要感谢在实习期间，王金鹏老师和陈小东老师给我的帮助，给我不少这方面的资料，是我完成论文的重要力量。
感谢管理工程与科学学科的所有老师。感谢在百忙之中评阅本论文的专家、教授和各位老师。
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英文原文
The Future of the Internet
The year is 2016. You’ve just come out of surgery and are being pushed down the hospital corridor on a gurney toward the recovery room. The nurses know you are on the way because a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag on your plastic patient identification bracelet automatically generated an alert to the nursing station.
The doctor doing rounds checks the Internet to monitor your vital signs. As always, the implants in your body are beaming real-time information about your brain waves and blood pressure to a protected web site 24/7. Your daughter, who is on a different continent, is already whispering words of encouragement into your ear—thanks to an embedded speech processor equipped with 802.11 wireless technology, TCP/IP communications protocol, and specialized software that allows sound from the Internet to flow directly into your cochlea. Using your VOIP-enabled mobile telephone, you tell her not to worry.
“One expects there to be much more organic connection between people and technology,” says Google Chief Internet Evangelist Vint Cerf, who is widely known as one of the “fathers” of the Internet for his role in co-designing the TCP/IP protocol and the Internet’s architecture. Crossing the Line
If Mr. Cerf and about two dozen other pundits Red Herring interviewed about the future of the Internet are right, in 10 years’ time the barriers between our bodies and the Internet will blur as will those between the real world and virtual reality. Red Herring
Automakers, for instance, might conceivably post their parts catalogs in the virtual world of Second Life, a pixilated 3D online blend of MySpace, eBay, and renaissance fair crossed with a Star Trek convention. Second Life participants—who own the rights to whatever intellectual property they create online—will make money both by using the catalog to design their own cars in cyberspace and by selling their online designs back to the manufacturers, says Danish economist and tech entrepreneur Nikolaj Nyholm. eBaySecond Life
Today’s devices will disappear. Electronics will instead be embedded in our environment, woven into our clothing, and written directly to our retinas from eyeglasses and contact lenses, predicts inventor, entrepreneur, author, and futurist Ray Kurzweil. “Devices will no longer be spokes on the Internet—they will be the nodes themselves,” he says.
We will know exactly when our children will be dropped off because the school bus will be connected to the Internet, says Internet doyenne Esther Dyson. Our cars might one day arrange for repairs at dealerships before we realize there’s a problem.
Everything from the family fridge to the office coffee pot—as well as heating, cooling, and security systems—will be managed through the Internet, possibly using souped-up mobile phones doubling as universal remote controls, says Google’s Mr. Cerf. By 2016, he predicts the online population of 1 billion will treble, and a huge portion will be mobile. And by then, the Internet will become so pervasive that connecting to it will no longer be a conscious act.
Bandwidth access of 100 megabits per second or more will become the norm. “It is probably a safe bet that everyone will be able to have a full-motion, high-definition real-time link to
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英文原文
anyone,” says Bram Cohen, creator of the popular peer-to-peer program BitTorrent. Once that happens, “the concept of who is online and who is offline will melt away,” says Bradley Horowitz, Yahoo’s director of media and desktop search. Taken for Granted
In sum, the Internet “will just become like plumbing, which you won’t notice unless it backs up,” says Brewster Kahle, inventor of the Wide Area Information Server, the Internet’s first publishing system, and co-founder of the Internet Archive, the largest publicly accessible, privately funded digital archive in the world.
While the technical underpinnings of the Internet are likely to undergo drastic change, the nature of those changes will be wrought by policy decisions made by governments with a heightened interest in overseeing the Internet. When a network is this critical to just about everything, it’s reasonable to expect that governments will seek tighter control of what remains today a decentralized and somewhat anarchic system. The trick will be to preserve the creativity that spawns innovation—and profit—in this more vital and inevitably more regulated Internet. No matter what, people will continue to make money from Internet innovation in a variety of ways.
Targeted advertising will continue to be an important revenue generator, as will intellectual property distribution, predicts Mr. Cerf. Tools for content production will evolve to allow for widespread and uniform tagging of content, significantly improving our ability to use sensor data, financial information, medical data, text, imagery, video, and audio. And the semantic web being promoted by World Wide Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee will help us better match computer understanding with human understanding of the world around us, though it will likely be far from perfect.
People will be able to talk to the Internet when searching for information or interacting with various devices—and it will respond, though not necessarily in English, which will cease to be the dominant language on the web, says John Patrick, a founding member of the World Wide Web consortium and former vice president of Internet technology at IBM. IBM
As so-called sensor networks evolve, there will be vastly more machines than people online. As it is, there are almost 10 billion embedded micro-controllers shipped every year. “This is the next networking frontier—following inexorably down from desktops, laptops, and palmtops, including cell phones,” says Bob Metcalfe, the inventor of Ethernet and founder of 3Com. This is what will make up much of the machine-to-machine traffic, he says. 3Com
Services, Services, Services
RFID tags will be in wider use. So will geo-location services, which can be used to locate friends, places, and events of interest. Better real-time language translations will be available, at least for text translations.
Mash-ups won’t be limited to web sites—we’ll see the introduction of “mashed” real-time web applications. The Internet will further revolutionize publishing, film, and television. “You will suddenly have a few hundred thousand producers out to kill each other, competing on the Internet,” predicts Charles Zhang, founder and CEO of Beijing-based portal Sohu.com. “You will have instant rankings of the most popular videos,” adds Mr. Zhang, who reckons China will lead the way in this new form.
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