1. How to Lose Weight
思路提示：第一段先综述现象：大家都想保持身材要求减肥。第二段介绍多余的体重在身体中形成的原因。第三段提出相应的减肥方法。在最后一段，提出总结性的看法，指出减肥的要诀就是：减少摄入的卡路里，通过运动增加卡路里的消耗量。 参考范文
How to Lose Weight
A beautiful and healthy figure is everyone’s dream. However, not everyone can easily fulfill this dream. Overweight people often have to find precise ways to lose weight.
For normal healthy people, weight is gained by taking in more calories than the body needs. Therefore, if you want to lose weight, you either have to eat fewer calories or find ways to use up more calories you take in. Dieting is probably the most popular way of losing weight, because when on a diet, you are taking fewer calories.
However, the body needs many elements in order to stay healthy, and “fad” or starvation diets are bad because they are not nutritiously balanced. A better way of dieting is to keep track of everything you eat, either by your own careful choices or by buying, for a week at a time, the packaged meals sold by some diet companies. If you do not normally exercise, you should also begin sensible exercises for your age and lifestyle to help your body use up surplus calories.
In short, a combined effort of reducing the calories you eat and using up more calories than usual through exercises should help you shed off part of your body.
UNIT 1 基本技能篇(15天)Day 13 议论文的思路与练习（1） 议论文的思路与练习（1）
议论文又称论说文，是一种既常见又十分重要的文体。在四级作文考试中运用得最多。议论文通常采用摆事实讲道理的方式，围绕着某一个有争议的观点展开论证，陈述各种理由，表明作者立场、阐明作者观点看法。在文章中要明确地表明赞成什么、反对什么，用词不能模棱两可，必须明确肯定。议论文的三要素是论点、论据和论证，其中论点要鲜明，论据要合理、恰当、充分，论证过程要逻辑严密。
关于记叙文的思路打开，我这里推荐几种方法： 1. 生活化细节联想法
针对大多数相对抽象不好下手的作文题目，我们可以先把作文题同自身联系到一起，把抽象、概括的作文题细化到自己身边，先打开一个突破口，再顺藤摸瓜，进行发散式联想。请看例子：
What are your opinions about the advantages and disadvantages of fast food? 题目的主体是快餐，方向为利弊处。先不要考虑快餐是好是坏，而应该先考虑你身边的、你知道的快餐究竟有哪些，这些快餐给你或你的家人带来了哪些影响。请看一位同学记录下来的思路。请注意其跳跃性。
① 遍地都是麦当劳、肯德基、永和豆浆、馄饨、油条。
② 每次老爸不在家时，我吃鸡腿汉堡，快，省事、省时间。不用买菜，切菜，做菜，蒸饭，洗碗，擦桌子。
不过还是老爸做的饭好吃，吃麦当劳吃不饱。为什么呢？油少，没营养！ ③ 永和24小时，但东西贼贵，晚上避风的好地方，粥还行，油条，烂！
④ 麦当劳小孩多，因为玩具多，电视上有很多他们的广告，小孩又哭又笑，学鸡叫的那个广告特傻，??儿童乐园。
⑤ 还是太贵。在美国，垃圾食品，到了中国，特火！洋货？老爸不爱吃汉堡，因有奶酪。不符合中国人的口味，农民就不喜欢，中国有8亿农民?? （为了方便大家阅读，我们在录入时加入了一半字数） 大家不妨问问自己两个问题： ——上面的东西不够写120字吗？ ——上面的东西用英文表达难吗？
答案是否定的。试想，有了这个思路，无论怎么写，从哪一个方面写，我们都不缺观点和支持观点的细节性论据。
写下你对下列题目在生活中的联想（中英文混写） 1) Harmfulness of Fake Commodities
2) the Influence of the Internet
2. 逆向思维联想法
有一些题目从正面不好罗列素材，总结观点，我们可以从命题的对立面去思考问题，这样往往可以达到意想不到的收获。如果问题是一个东西有什么样的好处，也许这个东西是日常生活中常见的东西，我们早已对其失去了敏感，这个时候不妨想一想如果失去了这个东西，我们的生活会受到哪些影响。试举一例：
In 1995, an Englishman killed a burglar who broke into his house. He was sentenced. Do you think he should be sentenced? How can we protect our property?
文章的关键在于How can we protect our properties？（我们如何保护自己的财产？）对于大多数同学来讲，对财产的概念还不清楚，谈何保护措施？于是，从反面破题，从我们周围的盗窃想起，请看一位同学的草稿：
① 前两天，丢了钱包，bus上，小偷走了，才有人告诉我，社会公德真有问题。 ② 学校的7台电脑CPU丢了，小偷从窗户爬进去的。学校3年都不修，宿舍经常丢鞋、丢衣服。
③ 家里与房地产开发公司打官司，合同有问题。
④ 警察现在都不管事，出了问题才来，没出问题，懒得理你，防患于未然。 （为了方便阅读，我们把草稿上的英语译成了汉语）
有了上面的几个问题，综合分析保护个人财产的措施也就不难得出了，个人、单位、社会、国家都应采取相应的措施，而论证过程可以从草稿中总结说理，也可以按照草稿上的思路举反例论证。
总之，在拓展思维时，一定要避免定向的、大而空的思维模式，应尽量把作文题目大处
化小，小处化细，细处才可见真情。
从事物的反面考虑下列题目，写下浮现在你脑海中的词句： 1) Advantages of a Harmonious Family
2) The importance of fresh drinking water
UNIT 1 基本技能篇(15天)Day 14 议论文的思路与练习（2） 议论文的思路与练习（2） 分类思考法
为了尽快地帮助同学们在尽可能短的时间里熟悉四级作文的命题思路，以及在短时间内能够找到合适的论述理由，我们通过分析历年四级考试真题并研究了命题方向，在此基础上总结了四级作文通用的十大思考方向，很多题目要求考生分析某一现象发生原因或可能产生的影响，我们不妨从以下十个方向进行思考，打开思路： 1) 方便：convenient, convenience
相关话题：computer, internet，出外吃饭，电话，城市生活，例如：
The Internet is far more convenient and efficient than the written word or other conventional means of conveying meaning.
Advertisements can bring convenience to people’s lives.
Modern means of transportation make it very convenient for people to travel far or near, thus saving a lot of time and energy.
2) 效率：efficient, efficiently, efficiency
相关话题：计算机和高科技（high-tech devices）减轻了体力劳动（manual labor），解放了人类（liberate humans），让人们有更多的时间从事其他的事情（more time are spent on other necessary matters）等，例如：
Advertisements build an efficient and direct link between manufacturers and customers. Modern science and technology make our lives more efficient. A phone call, an e-mail or a
fax can all bring people closer and make the world smaller.
3) 节省和浪费：save time, save money, save space, economical, frugal, frugality; thrift, thrifty waste time\\money\\space, costly, time-consuming, lavish, 例如：
This will help them realize that it is not easy to make money and form the good habit of frugality.
There are many other ways for people to know commodities, so it is a waste to invest large sums of money in making advertisements on TV.
As for the young and middle-aged, they should make better use of their prime years instead of spending so much time raising pets.
It’s a costly and time-consuming hobby. China is a developing country and many people are still below the poverty line. Some children of the right age in poverty-stricken areas can’t afford to go to school.
… will be great extravagance of time, energy and money.
4) 心理与性格：mental health, spiritual health, psychological health, personality, character 好的性格 independent, independence, independently, cooperate, cooperative, cooperation, compete, competitive, competition, team spirit, considerate, confident, confidence, confidently, ambition, ambitious, individuality, tolerance, sociable, perseverance, deal with/solve problems by themselves (independent), optimistic
坏的性格 overbearing（专横的，傲慢的）, selfish, conservative, isolated, conceited（自以为是的）, egotistic（自我本位的）, arrogant, domineering（作威作福的），overzealous（过分热心的），nihilist（虚无主义的），opportunistic（机会主义的），pessimistic 性格的养成：cultivate, foster, develop, encourage, enrich, improve, enhance 例如：
Taking a part-time job can help cultivate independence and develop a strong sense of responsibility.
It will help foster a sense of competition and cooperation, which is quite necessary in one’s future career.
Working outside campus can enhance one’s social awareness and help one become more socially adaptable. With this, students are able to keep pace with the outside world.
It will do good for building up one’s confidence and offer one a sense of achievement because one can realize his value and capability.
Through this experience, students can learn to cooperate and compromise and master interpersonal skills needed for future success.
5) 丰富的生活：pleasure, joy, recreation, entertain, entertaining, entertainment, leisure time, interesting, relax, relaxed, relaxation. 对立面：dull, monotonous, tired, bored, tiredness, boring, tiring, fatigue, lonely, loneliness, weary, weariness, too much stress from work（工作压力大），leisure time（业余时间增多），例如：
Gazing at the cold flickering screen is a disinteresting and tiring experience. It is not a good way to relax.
Some advertisements are of high artistic value, original and well designed; therefore they add to the beauty of our lives.
Raising pets is beneficial and joyful.
6) 环境：environment, environmental, pollute, polluted, pollution, pollutant, poisonous, contaminate, contamination, contaminated, contaminant, dirty, hygiene（卫生），nature（自然）、
on good terms with（和谐相处），ruin, destroy（破坏），例如：
Some leaflets and handouts are scattered here and there, polluting the environment. Some people are destroying our earth by overexploiting the natural resources for immediate interests.
Too many cars running on the streets lead to air pollution and noise pollution.
By using the Internet, we can save our natural resources such as forests. It is much more environmentally friendly. The traditional form of books consumes too much wood.
7) 身体健康：health, physical health, healthy, disease, strong, strength, energetic, energetically，physical fitness（健身），raised awareness of fitness（健康意识的提高），例如： Too much viewing of TV will lead people to a sedentary life lacking adequate exercise, which does harm to their health.
Some people may be addicted to netsurfing, which impairs people’s physical and mental health. (eyesight, radiation)
8) 安全和危险：safe, safety, safely, in safe, danger, dangerous, in danger, risk, hazard, hazardous
9) 经验：experience, social experience 10) 发展：
¿ 学生学习的发展进步：
cope with the relationship between part-time jobs and study（大学生能否兼顾学习与工作），practice（如何学习与实践），be prepared for or meet the requirements of future occupations（如何面对未来职业的要求）。 ¿ 经济的发展：
economy, create more jobs, increase the tax base, improve society’s welfare，the reform and open-up policies（改革开放政策），economic construction（经济建设），market economy（市场经济），sustainable development（可持续发展），social atmosphere（良好的社会风气），social stability（社会稳定），public order（社会治安），social changes or transformations（社会变革），ideas or thoughts（人们的思想观念）。
This exerts a negative impact on one’s study because … occupies much of a student’s valuable time. A student’s sole task is to make good use of his limited time to acquire knowledge and skills which are essential to his future career.
Part-time jobs may take up most of students’ valuable time for study and have a pernicious（有害的）effect on their study and overall development.
It helps develop the economy, because it helps remove the obstacles in the way of progress and liberate people’s minds.
（新变化，新科技）? created more jobs to release the pressure of unemployment. … helps to improve the economic strength.
从以上十大通用原因中选择合适的来说明下列题目： 1. 社会实践的必要性
2. 改革四级考试的原因