重庆大学本科学生毕业设计（论文）
基于FPGA高性能温控调速风扇系统设计
学 生：李 尧 学 号：20113329 指导教师：潘银松 助理指导老师：覃海洋 专 业：光电信息工程
重庆大学光电工程学院
二O一五年六月
重庆大学本科学生毕业设计（论文） 目录
Graduation Design(Thesis) of Chongqing University
Based on FPGA High Performance Fan Design of Temperature Control System
Undergraduate: Li yao Supervisor: Prof. Pan yinsong Assistant Supervisor : Qin haiyang Major: Optoelectronic Information Engineering
College of Optoelectronic Engineering
Chongqing University
June 2015
重庆大学本科学生毕业设计（论文） 摘要
摘 要
温控风扇在现代社会中的生产以及人们的日常生活中都有广泛的应用，如工业生产中大型机械散热系统中的风扇、现在笔记本电脑上广泛应用的智能CPU风扇等。在现阶段，温控风扇的设计已经有了一定的成效，可以使风扇根据环境温度的变化进行自动调速，当温度升高到一定时能自动启动风扇，当温度降到一定时能自动停止风扇的转动，实现智能控制。 随着FPGA在各个领域的广泛应用，许多用FPGA做控制核心的温度控制系统也应运而生。它使风扇根据环境温度的变化实现自动启停，使风扇转速随着环境温度的变化而变化，实现了风扇的智能调控。本设计采用ALTER公司Cyclone-V FPGA作为控制器，利用温度传感器DS18B20作为温度采集元件，并根据采集到的温度，经过高精度的调速算法，最终将用于调速的PWM脉冲信号传递给L298N电机驱动芯片以驱动并控制直流电机的转速。采用矩阵键盘作为控制系统的输入，可选择手动模式和自动模式，以及进行档位选择。手动模式下，可以人为选择风扇的档位与转速；自动模式下，根据温度的变化自动改变风扇电机的转速，同时在LED数码管显示当前的温度、所选的工作模式和档位。蜂鸣器用于提示按键成功，LED灯用于档位提示并方便使用者夜间操作。为了让风扇能够直接由220V直接供电，文中对电源进行了单独的设计，让其更具有使用价值。
关键词：FPGA，温度控制，直流电机，PWM调速，电源设计
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重庆大学本科学生毕业设计（论文） Abstract
Abstract
The fan controlled by temperature is widely used in modern society productions and people’s daily life, such as the fan of large-scale industrial production of mechanical cooling system and the CPU fan of the notebook computer which are now widely used. At present, the design of temperature control fan have a certain effect, which can make the fan speed automatically change according to the environment temperature. when the temperature rises to a certain one, it can automatically start the fan, when the temperature drops to a certain one, it can automatically stop the rotation of the fan, which achieves the intelligently control of the fan. As FPGA is widely used in various fields, many temperature control systems based on FPGA also emerge as the times require. It makes the fan according to the change of environment temperature realize the automatic starting and stopping and the fan speed varies with the temperature of the environment, which realizes the intelligent control of the fan. This design uses ALTER Cyclone-V FPGA as the controller, using the temperature sensor DS18B20 as the temperature acquisition device, and the collected temperature through the speed control algorithm with high precision will eventually be used to transmit PWM pulse signal to control L298N motor driver chip to drive and control the speed of DC motor. Using 4*4 matrix keyboard as the input of control system, you can choose manual mode and automatic mode, and make gears selection. In manual mode, you can stall speed and artificial selection of the fan; In the automatic mode, the fan motor speed can change automatically according to the change of temperature, at the same time ,it uses the LED digital tube to displays the current temperature, the working modes and the gears chosen. The buzzer prompts are used for key success proving, LED lights for shift reminder and which is convenient for users to operate at night. In order to let the fan can be powered directly by 220V, the power supply circuit is separately designed, which make it be more pragmatic value.
Key words：FPGA, Temperature control, DC motor, PWM, Power design
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重庆大学本科学生毕业设计（论文） 目录
目录
摘 要 ..................................................... I Abstract ................................................... II 1 绪论 ..................................................... 1
1.1 引言 ................................................................... 1 1.2 发展现状与应用领域 ..................................................... 1
2 整体方案设计 ............................................. 3
2.1 性能要求 ............................................................... 3 2.2 系统整体设计 ........................................................... 3 2.3 方案论证 ............................................................... 4
2.3.1 温度传感器的选择 ................................................. 4 2.3.2 调速方式的选择 ................................................... 5 2.3.3 显示方式的选择 ................................................... 5 2.4 重点研究内容及实现途径 ................................................. 6
3 硬件电路原理及设计 ....................................... 7
3.1 FPGA ................................................................... 7 3.2 Cyclone V- EP4CE6芯片 ................................................. 7
3.2.1芯片简介 ......................................................... 7 3.2.2 EP4CE6开发板 .................................................... 8 3.2.3 时钟部分和复位电路 ............................................... 8 3.2.4内部电源电路 ..................................................... 9 3.2.5 I/O扩展电路 .................................................... 10 3.3电源电路原理及设计 .................................................... 10 3.4 L298N芯片 ............................................................ 11
3.4.1芯片介绍 ........................................................ 11 3.4.2实物模块图及其它参数 ............................................ 13 3.5 DS18B20温度传感器及驱动电路 .......................................... 14
3.5.1 DS18B20简介 .................................................... 14 3.5.2 DS18B20主要特征及参数 .......................................... 14 3.5.3 DS18B20的时序控制 .............................................. 15 3.6 数码管显示电路 ........................................................ 16 3.7独立按键及蜂蜜器 ...................................................... 17
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