2015届高三英语一轮复习 主讲：李林玲老师
高一英语一轮复习 第四讲
板块一 语法扩展 情态动词
第一节 情态动词的基本分类用法
考点细读 一． can / could = be able to
1. 表示能力两种时态can (could)，其他时态要用be able to的形式 He can speak French.
was/were able to 可以表示设法或通过努力成功做成某事的含义
* managed to do / succeeded in doing
With our help, he was able to build the house.
2. 表示请求或许可 could 比 can 更加客气* may Can I go now? Yes, you can.
3. 表示推测或可能性，常用于否定句和疑问句 Can he be at school?
Today is Sunday. He can't be at school. Can’t couldn’t/ Can ? Could? have done
There is no light in the room. Can she have gone to bed? She can’t have gone to school—— it’s Sunday. 4. can 表示客观上的可能性* Anybody can make mistakes.
二． may and might 的用法
1. 表示请求和允许 类似用法can could(更加口语化) May I watch TV now? Yes, you may.
2. 表示可能性; 猜测might比may更加不确定 He may be busy these days.
may not 可能不；不可能；一定不可
3. 表示祝愿 May 用于祈使句中表示祝愿，常用的结构为 May +主语+动词原形。 Wish you success! =May you succeed!*
三． must and have to
1. 表示必须；一定要 可以用 have to 代替 must 现在；将来的必须 而且是主观看法* have to 有多种时态 而且强调客观情况 I really must stop smoking now.
I had to leave early because I wasn’t feeling well. Must I come here?
Yes, you must. No, you needn’t. needn’t / don’t have to
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Never underestimate your power to change yourself!
永远不要低估你改变自我的能力！
2015届高三英语一轮复习 主讲：李林玲老师
mustn’t 为禁止 否定推测用can’t不可能
2. must 表示推测 意思非常肯定 “一定是”“一定会” It must be raining outside.
He must have gone over the article, hasn’t he? It must have rained last night, didn’t it? 3. must 表示“偏要，非要……不可”
If you must smoke, please go out.如果你非要抽烟的话，请出去。 四． need and dare 过去时 dared 情态动词和实意动词的区别
A 人称变化 B do / to do C 直接否定 / 间接否定 can work Need /dare 肯定句中，实义动词 She needs to do it. I dare to do it.
使用在否定句,疑问句中，情态动词，实义动词。 I dare not do it. I don’t dare (to) do it. I need not do it. I don’t need to do it.
1. need 情态动词 无时态；人称的变化 多用于疑问句和否定句 You needn’t try to explain.
2. need 实义动词 有时态；人称的变化 后接to do You need to tell us the truth. The car needs repairing. The car needs to be repaired.
3. dare 情态动词 过去时 dared 无人称的变化 多用在疑问句和否定句 Dare he tell them what he knows?
4. dare 实义动词 有时态；人称的变化后接to do 用于疑问句和否定句时 其后的to 有时可省略 Do you dare (to) jump off the high wall? 五． will and would
1． 表示征求对方(第二人称)意见或询问对方意愿 would 比will 更客气委婉 Will you have some more wine? Would you mind my smoking here?
2． will 表示习惯性动作或某种倾向 would 表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向 Fish will die out of water.
When I was young, I would play badminton on Sundays. would 与 used to 的区别*
would 只能用来表示重复的动作而不能表示状态
used to 既可表示动作也可表示状态, 强调现在不如此 He used to be a university student. 3． will 表示意愿 决心 I will never do that again.
5. 表示功能，意为“能，行”。常用于否定句， The door won’t open.z这扇门打不开。
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Never underestimate your power to change yourself!
永远不要低估你改变自我的能力！
2015届高三英语一轮复习 主讲：李林玲老师
六． shall, should and ought to
1．shall 在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求 用于第一，三人称 What shall we do now?
2． shall 肯定句中 表示说话人强烈的感情 允许，命令，禁止和威胁 * 表示按规定，规章和义务，法令，法律等用于第二，三人称 If you dare to do that, you shall be punished. These rules shall be obeyed. 3． shall 决心，意愿 = will I shall come if I want to.
4． should 表示劝告，建议 = ought to 应该 You should wash your hands first. should 主要表示主观看法*
ought to 客观情况 法律、规定、义务的使用 5． should 推测 推论 可能性 = ought to *估计 They should/ ought to be there by now.
6． should说话人的感情。如惊奇、愤怒、失望等、“竟然”
You can’t imagine that well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady Why should he do such a thing?
第二节 “情态动词＋have done”
考点细读
“情态动词＋have done”表示对过去情况的推测或估计，现就这一语言现象作如下归纳： 1． should (ought to) have＋过去分词
表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”；其否定形式为“should not／ought not to have ＋ 过去分词”，表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。其否定形式则表示“已经做了不该做的事情”，含有责备的意思。例如： Mr. White should have arrived at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. 本句中的一个关键词but暗示了“Mr. White按道理理应到了，而他没有到”。 The flowers have died. I should have watered them often. 这些花儿都死了。我本来应该常给他们浇水的。（其实没浇水） You ought not to have told them the truth. 你本不应该告诉他们真相的。（其实你告诉他们了） 2．needn’t have＋过去分词
表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。
As you worked late yesterday, you needn’t have come this morning. 他本没有必要来（实际却来了）。
3．must have＋过去分词
用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。 [注意] 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can’t／couldn’t have ＋过去分词。
I have lost one of my gloves. I must have dropped it somewhere. (前一句说明一个结果，后
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Never underestimate your power to change yourself!
永远不要低估你改变自我的能力！
2015届高三英语一轮复习 主讲：李林玲老师
一句则表示一个原因。)
Cf. I couldn't have been more than six years old when the accident happened. (前一句陈述一个理由，后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。 4．may／might have＋过去分词
表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测，表示“过去可能／大概已做了某事”；否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”。
We may not have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.
5．can／could have＋过去分词
表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”；否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”；疑问句表示“可能／也许已做了某事吗？”。
--- I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
--- Oh, did you? You could have stayed with Barbara． 6. would have done 对过去事情的推测
7. 含有must/ may/ might表示对过去情况推测判断的句子，如果变成反意疑问句，反意疑问句中动词应与情态动词must等后的动词形式保持一致，用一般过去时或现在完成时。例如： He must have lived here for years, hasn’t he? 他一定是在这儿住了好几年了，是吗？ You can’t have slept well last night, did you? 你昨天晚上没睡好，是不是？
互动研究 1．(2011年高考江西卷)It________be the postman at the door.It's only six o'clock. A．mustn't B．can't C．won't D．needn't
2．(2011年高考北京卷)—I don't really like James.Why did you invite him? —
A．must not B．need not C．would not D．might not
3．(2011年高考江苏卷)—I left my handbag on the train，but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back！I mean，someone________it. A．will have stolen B．might have stolen C．should have stolen D．must have stolen
4．(2011年高考新课标全国卷)They________have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
A．will B．can C．must D．should
5．(2012年临沂期中测试)－I_________thank you enough for what you have done for me.
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Never underestimate your power to change yourself!
永远不要低估你改变自我的能力！
2015届高三英语一轮复习 主讲：李林玲老师
－You're welcome. A．may not B．will not C．must not D．cannot
6．(2012年洛阳检测)We________have hurried all the way to the airport－the flight was called off because of the foggy weather.
A．mustn't B．couldn't C．needn't D．wouldn't 7．(2012年济南模拟A．should B．could C．must D．might
8．－Mum，would you please buy me an MP5 player?
－If you can help do some housework the whole vacation, you________have one as a reward.
A．must B．need C．would D．shall
9．－Do you know where David is? He is not in the office. －Well，he________have gone far—his coat's still here. A．shouldn't B．mustn' t C．can't D．wouldn't
10．(2012年太原模拟)The weather turned out to be fine. I________the trouble to carry the umbrella with me.
A．should have taken B．needn't have taken C．mustn't have taken D．could have taken
11.(2014江苏卷)31. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ______ bring me food. A. might B. would C. should D. could
12.(2014江西卷)30. Life is unpredictable ; even the poorest ______ become the richest .
A. shall B. must C. need D. might
13.(2014全国大纲卷)30. Although you ______ find bargains in London, it’s not generally a cheap place to shop.
A. should B. need C. must D. can
14.(2014陕西卷)25. My book, The House of Hales, is missing. Who ______ have taken it? A. need B. must C. should D. could
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我的书The House of Hales不见了。可能是谁拿走了？疑问
15.(2014四川卷)6. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ______ take me to Disneyland at weekends.
A. might B. must C. would D. should
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Never underestimate your power to change yourself!
永远不要低估你改变自我的能力！