北京市朝阳区2018届高三统测(二模)英语试题
2018.5 （考试时间100分钟 满分120分)
本试卷共10页。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分, 共15分）
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. Come here, Mary. If you stand at this angle, you ______ just see the sunset. A. must B. need C. can D. should 2. The book is now out of print, ______ it can easily be borrowed from libraries. A. and B. for C. so D. but 3. ______ an opposing idea effectively, you can use the following words and phrases. A. To express B. Expressing C. Expressed D. Being expressed 4. Sometimes tests are needed ______ doctors discover exactly what’s wrong with your body. A. since B. before C. although D. if
5. It gives us great delight ______ Chinese science fictions are becoming increasingly popular. A. how B. what C. that D. why 6. The boy is having a fever. You’d better damp a towel and lay it ______ his forehead. A. across B. within C. through D. beyond 7. Just an hour ago he told me on the phone that he ______ home right after his work. A. has come B. comes C. came D. would come 8. We really appreciate our learning environment, ______ we can have direct communication. A. whom B. which C. where D. when
9. ______ the difference between the two findings is one of the worst mistakes you’ve made. A. Ignored B. Ignoring C. To ignore D. Having ignored 10. ––You seem to be familiar with this city.
—I ______ here for three years. It’s so great to be back. A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. live 11. I wish I ______ photography then. If so, I could give you a hand at present. A. studied B. had studied C. have studied D. will study 12. The girl’s eyes brightened when she saw the birthday present she ______. A. would promise B. had promised C. would be promised D. had been promised 13. If you leave this application form and go to another website, you will lose ______ you have already filled out on this form. A. whatever B. whoever C. wherever D. whenever
14. In the library you can use your own computer to connect to Wi-Fi specially _____ for readers. A. preparing B. to prepare C. prepared D. prepare 15. ––The small restaurant is always crowded in every part.
––That’s ______ it has a unique dining environment and quite a few wonderful dishes. A. why B. because C. where D. when 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
All Quiet in a Darkened Library
After my mother died, my father, who was 75 at the time, began to regularly visit the local library in Epping. He loved going there __16__ he enjoyed reading different kinds of books, especially reading the newspapers on Saturdays. The library had a small area, where the soft carpet, folding chairs and lap desks __17__ a comfortable space for independent reading. My dad would sit there for hours. This particular wintery Saturday, at about 12 noon, after being there for two hours, my dad __18__ that it was very quiet and darker than usual. He looked around, realizing that all the staff had left and he had been __19__ locked in.
My dad was a “panic merchant” at the best of times, so I can only __20__ what he was like when this happened. The doors had been locked from the outside and he had no way __21__. He
must have felt completely at a __22__, since he didn’t know some __23__ for handling this kind of crazy situation. My dad looked at the notice boards to try to find a __24__ phone number—a staff member or someone he could ring to help let him out—but without __25__. So he rang the police station and they kindly got in touch with the head librarian.
The head librarian immediately rang my dad back at the library, and __26__ that she would be soon there. She tried to __27__ him and even explained how he could make a coffee if he wished. This was very nice, but my dad was in too much of a “__28__” to do so.
Thankfully, the head librarian arrived __29__ the hour and let my dad out. She apologized for the __30__ it had caused my father and sent my father back home in person. We were very grateful, since she could easily have been __31__ at having to come back to work. The next day my dad seemed to __32__ from this accident. He almost forgot all about the unpleasantness, and even found his experience quite __33__.
I guess the entire staff now makes extra sure that the library is __34__ before they leave. What’s more, my dad has learned an important lesson by himself—never again became quite so __35__ in his reading. 16. A. as B. if C. till D. though 17. A. measured B. occupied C. replaced D. created 18. A. expected B. noticed C. admitted D. doubted 19. A. accidentally B. constantly C. properly D. illegally 20. A. acquire B. witness C. imagine D. explore 21. A. along B. back C. down D. out 22. A. failure B. loss C. risk D. distance 23. A. tips B. marks C. notes D. senses 24. A. convenient B. flexible C. relevant D. temporary 25. A. trouble B. effort C. permission D. success 26. A. promised B. informed C. assumed D. reminded 27. A. forgive B. comfort C. instruct D. persuade 28. A. result B. choice C. state D. trend 29. A. over B. near C. beyond D. within 30. A. conflict B. anxiety C. regret D. blame 31. A. ashamed B. confused C. annoyed D. pleased 32. A. recover B. reflect C. struggle D. suffer 33. A. satisfying B. amusing C. scaring D. astonishing 34. A. tidy B. open C. quiet D. empty 35. A. distributed B. blocked C. absorbed D. exposed
来源学§科§网Z§X§X§K]来源学科网第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Dear Koko,
I’ve learned about you from my amazing teacher. I think it’s fun that you can communicate with us humans by using the sign language. I’ve spent a lot of time watching you in different videos and love you from the bottom of my heart.
It’s heartbreaking to learn about all of the cruel things done to gorillas (大猩猩). In Africa, for example, the killers use guns to kill your fellows for meat. They don’t understand the influence their actions are having on gorillas. Another thing is the loss of gorillas’ natural home, which is caused by the improved infrastructure such as building roads and airports. When we cut down trees, you become homeless. We take away your shelter and sources of food, leaving you with very little chance of survival.
Some of my classmates are writing to the relevant departments about these serious problems. Hopefully these letters will make a difference during your lifetime. Over the past three months, my class has been researching on gorillas, and I’ve learned so many things. For example, I’ve learned that you have a lot of feelings similar to mine and you are always so careful with everything you do. I think that you are really worth saving.
We’ve come up with many ideas to help you and your fellows. One of the best ideas is to communicate with the President of the World Bank and have him give more financial support to
the organizations for gorillas. Another idea is to make public laws on the killers. I also think we need to keep educating people about gorillas.
I love writing to you and hope you can understand how important you’ve become to our class. Would it be too much to ask for a return letter?
Mike 36. According to the passage, Koko is probably ______. A. a killer of gorillas B. a member of the gorilla family C. an expert on gorillas D. a governor in charge of gorillas 37. What is mainly talked about in the second paragraph? A. The problems gorillas face at present. B. The danger gorillas cause for humans. C. The unique characteristic gorillas have. D. The natural environment gorillas live in. 38. The author suggests that ______.
A. gorillas should be protected in nature reserves B. killers for gorillas should be legally responsible C. organizations should be set up to protect gorillas D. people should make donations to gorilla protection
B
The Handshake
I don’t remember the exact date I met Marty for the first time. Like a lot of people who want to get through a checkout line, I found my thoughts on speed, nothing more. The line I was standing in wasn’t moving as quickly as I wanted, and I glanced toward the cashier, who was receiving money from customers.
He was an old man in his sixties. I thought, well, it probably took him a little longer to get the jobs done. For the next few minutes I watched him. He greeted every customer before he began scanning the goods they were purchasing. Sure, his words were the usual, “How’s it going?” But he did something different—he actually listened to people. Then he would respond to what they had said and talk with them briefly.
I thought it was strange, but I guessed I had grown accustomed to people asking me how I was doing simply out of a conversation without thinking. Usually, after a while, you don’t give any thought to the question and just say something back quietly.
This old cashier seemed sincere about wanting to know how people were feeling. Meanwhile, the high-tech cash register rang up their purchases and he announced what they owed. When customers handed money to him, he pushed the appropriate keys, the cash drawer popped open, and he counted out their change.
Then magic happened.
He placed the change in his left hand, walked around the counter to the customers, and extended his right hand in an act of friendship. As their hands met, the old cashier looked the customers in the eyes. “I want to thank you for shopping here today,” he told them. “You have a great day. Bye-bye.” The looks on the faces of the customers were priceless.
Now it was my turn. I glanced down at the name tag on his red waistcoat, the kind experienced Wal-Mart cashier wore. It read, “Marty.”
Marty told me how much I owed and I handed him some money. The next thing I knew he was standing beside me, offering his right hand and holding my change in his left hand. His kind eyes locked onto mine. Smiling, and with a firm handshake… 39. While the author stood in the checkout line, she felt ______. A. comfortable B. enthusiastic C. impatient D. embarrassed 40. In the opinion of the author, people tended to ______. A. remain calm while having a talk B. talk about unimportant topics C. develop a mindless conversation D. face communication problems 41. The author thought Marty special because ______. A. he spent as much time as possible serving customers B. he was patient with all the questions from customers C. he showed particular interest in customers’ personal life D. he expressed his sincerity while giving back the change 42. What can we infer from the passage? A. Marty was a talkative man.
B. Marty cared a lot about what he did.
C. The author failed to get along well with others.
D. The author was dissatisfied with such a waste of time.
C
No student of a foreign language needs to be told that grammar is complex. By changing the order of the words and by adding a range of auxiliary verbs (助动词) and suffixes (后缀), we can turn a statement into a question, state whether an action has taken place or is soon to take place, and perform many other word tricks to convey different meanings. However, the question which many language experts can’t understand and explain is—who created grammar?
Some recent languages evolved due to the Atlantic slave trade. Since the slaves didn’t know each other’s languages, they developed a make-shift language called a pidgin. Pidgins are strings of words copied from the language of the landowners. They have little in the way of grammar, and speakers need to use too many words to make their meaning understood. Interestingly, however, all it takes for a pidgin to become a complex language is for a group of children to be exposed to it at the time when they learn their mother tongue. Slave children didn’t simply copy the strings of words used by their elders. They adapted their words to create an expressive language. In this way complex grammar systems which come from pidgins were invented.
Further evidence can be seen in studying sign languages for the deaf. Sign languages are not simply a group of gestures; they use the same grammatical machinery that is found in spoken languages. The creation of one such language was documented quite recently in Nicaragua. Previously, although deaf children were taught speech and lip reading in the classrooms, in the playgrounds they began to invent their own sign system, using the gestures they used at home. It was basically a pidgin and there was no consistent grammar. However, a new system was born when children who joined the school later developed a quite different sign language. It was based on the signs of the older children, but it was shorter and easier to understand, and it had a large range of special use of grammar to clarify the meaning. What’s more, they all used the signs in the same way. So the original pidgin was greatly improved.
Most experts believe that many of the languages were pidgins at first. They were initially used in different groups of people without standardization and gradually evolved into a widely accepted system. The English past tense—“ed” ending— may have evolved from the verb “do”. “It ended” may once have been “It end-did”. It seems that children have grammatical machinery in their brains. Their minds can serve to create logical and complex structures, even when there is no grammar present for them to copy.
43. What can be inferred about the slaves’ pidgin language? A. It was difficult to understand. B. It came from different languages. C. It was created by the landowners. D. It contained highly complex grammar. 44. What is the characteristic of the new Nicaraguan sign language? A. No consistent signs were used for communication.
B. Most of the gestures were made for everyday activities. C. The hand movements were smoother and more attractive. D. The meaning was clearer than the previous sign language. 45. Which idea does the author present in the last paragraph? A. English grammar of past tense system is inaccurate. B. Children say English past tense differently from adults. C. The thought that English was once a pidgin is acceptable. D. Experts have proven that English was created by children. 46. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Creators of Grammar B. The History of Languages C. Why Pidgins Came into Being D. How Grammar Systems Are Used
D
A Competitive Sport
Over the years, cheerleading has taken two primary forms: game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading. Game-time cheerleaders’ main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport. However, competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment. It is really a competitive sport.
Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity. The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling (翻腾运动) ability. It’s a very common thing for gymnasts, so it’s easy for them to go into competitive cheerleading. Usually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling, and overall energy. They also perform lifts
and throws. This is where the “fliers” are thrown in the air, held by “bases” in different positions that require strength and working with other teammates.
Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared. It is awarded points for technique, creativity and sharpness. Usually the more difficult the action is, the better the score is. That’s why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance.
Besides, there is also a strict rule of time. The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, during which the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area. Any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.
Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries. According to some research, competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of serious sports injuries to women. Emergency room visits for it are five times the number than for any other sport, partially because cheerleaders don’t use protective equipment. Smiling cheerleaders are thrown into the air and move down into the arms of the teammates, which may easily cause injuries. Generally, these injuries affect all areas of the body, including wrists, shoulders, ankles, head, and neck.
There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills. Hopefully, it will appear in the Olympics since cheerleaders are just as athletic and physically fit as those involved in the more accepted sports. It should be noted that it is a team sport and even the smallest mistake made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down. So without working together to achieve the goal, first place is out of reach. 47. What is the main purpose of competitive cheerleading? A. To compare skills of participants. B. To make the audience feel amused. C. To attract more people to watch events. D. To cheer up the competitors on the court.
48. The underlined word “integrate” in Paragraph 2 probably means “______”. A. examine B. combine C. identify D. replace 49. We can learn from the passage that competitive cheerleading ______. A. lacks necessary guidelines to follow
B. enjoys greater popularity than other sports
C. requires more designed actions than gymnastics D. has a relatively high rate of damage to the body
50. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A.
B.
C.
D.
I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Rich and Famous
Twenty years ago the most common ambition of American children was to be a teacher, followed by working in banking and finance, and then medicine. But today’s situation is quite different. ___51___ Instead they most commonly say they want to be a sports star, a pop star, or an actor—in other words, they hope to become a celebrity (名人).
According to experts, young people desire these jobs largely because of the wealth and the fame. ___52___ Let’s take athletes and singers as an example. Their careers are short-lived.