内蒙古科技大学
本科生毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）
题 目：基于单片机的铝混合炉控制系统的设计
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内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）
基于单片机的铝混合炉控制系统的设计
摘 要
本文根据电解铝生产厂铸造车间的生产运行现状和用户需求，设计了铝液混合炉自动控制系统，该系统可提供铝液混合炉运行状态自动控制、运行参数显示、产量自动计量、故障报警等功能。
论文详细论述了铝液混合炉自动控制系统的技术思路、设计原则、技术瓶颈和解决方法。全文分为硬件开发、温度闭环控制命令算法和软件设计几部分，主要内容如下：
硬件组成以STC89C52单片机为核心，包括AD和DA转换电路、LCD显示电路、移相触发控制电路、电机启停控制电路、产品计数电路、键盘电路、报警电路等部分。温度闭环控制的核心算法是以经典的PID运算为基础，并进行了适当的改进。软件部分采用模块化设计思路，重点在程序逻辑图设计，并使用Keil-C语言完成了代码编制。
关键词：铝混合炉 单片机 控制 接口
I
内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）
The microcontroller control system design of Aluminum mixing vessel
Abstract
Foundry production of electrolytic aluminum production plant operating status and user needs, design the mixture of liquid aluminum furnace automatic control system, the system provides automatic control of liquid aluminum hybrid furnace running state, and operating parameter display output of the automated metering, fault alarmfunction.The paper discusses in detail the technical idea of the mixed liquid aluminum furnace automatic control system, design principles, technical bottlenecks and solutions. The paper is divided into hardware development, and closed-loop temperature control several parts of the command algorithms and software design, the following major elements:The hardware components STC89C52 microcontroller as the core, including AD and DA conversion circuit, LCD display circuit and phase-shift trigger control circuit, the motor start and stop control circuit, the product count the part of the circuit, keyboard circuit, the alarm circuit. The core temperature closed-loop control algorithm is based on the classic PID operation based on, and make the appropriate improvements. The software part is modular in design ideas, focus on program logic diagram design, and use the Keil-C language to complete the code preparation.
Key words: aluminum mixing vessel MCU control interface
II
内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）
目 录
基于单片机的铝混合炉控制系统的设计 ................................................................................. I 摘 要 ......................................................................................................................................... I The microcontroller control system design of Aluminum mixing vessel ...................................II Abstract ......................................................................................................................................II 第一章 引言 .............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 铝混合炉简介 ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 系统工艺过程 ............................................................................................................. 1 1.3 铝混合炉控制系统设计目标 ..................................................................................... 2 本章小节 ............................................................................................................................ 6 第二章 铝混合炉控制系统的总体设计 .................................................................................. 7
2.1 铝混合炉控制系统的组成 ......................................................................................... 7 2.2 铝液温度闭环控制算法 ............................................................................................. 7
2.2.1 PID算法原理和特点 ...................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 比例（P）控制 ............................................................................................. 8 2.2.3 积分（I）控制 ............................................................................................. 8 2.2.4 微分（D）控制 ........................................................................................... 8 2.3 铝混合炉控制系统的采样信号和控制量分析 ......................................................... 9 本章小节： ...................................................................................................................... 10 第三章 铝混合炉控制系统的硬件设计 ................................................................................ 11
3.1 中央处理单元设计 ................................................................................................... 11
3.1.1 单片机选型依据 ............................................................................................ 11
III
内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）
3.1.2 STC89C52RC单片机简介[5][12] ..................................................................... 11 3.2 地址空间分配 ........................................................................................................... 14 3.3 铝混合炉控制系统信号采样电路的设计 ............................................................... 15
3.3.1 温度信号采样电路的设计 ............................................................................ 15 3.3.2 氮气压力信号采样电路的设计 .................................................................... 18 3.4 输入输出端口设计 ................................................................................................... 22
3.4.1 铝混合炉内铝液温度控制信号输出电路的设计 ........................................ 22 3.4.2 产品计数电路的设计 .................................................................................... 25 3.4.3 LED报警电路的设计 .................................................................................... 27 3.4.4 系统运行指示灯电路的设计 ........................................................................ 30 3.5 复位电路 ................................................................................................................... 30 3.6 3.6键盘及显示接口电路设计 .................................................................................. 32
3.6.1 可编程芯片8255A简介 ............................................................................... 32 3.6.2 显示接口电路 ................................................................................................ 32 3.6.3 键盘电路的设计 ............................................................................................ 35 3.7 时钟电路 ................................................................................................................... 36 3.8 执行器控制电路 ....................................................................................................... 36
3.8.1 加热装置的电气控制： ................................................................................ 36 3.8.2 传送带电机的电气控制 ................................................................................ 38 3.9 供电电源设计 ........................................................................................................... 39 3.10 通信接口 ................................................................................................................. 40 3.11 中断系统及其在本设计中的应用 ......................................................................... 41 本章小节 .......................................................................................................................... 42
IV