(1) few和a few 后接可数名词的复数形式。few 表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义;a few 表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义:
It is very difficult, and few people understand it. 它很难,没有几个人能懂。 It is very difficult, but a few people understand it. 他虽难,但是有些人懂。 (2) little 和 a little 之后接不可数名词,其区别跟 few 和 a few 之间的区别相似: Unfortunately, I had little money on me. 很不巧,我身上没带什么钱。 Fortunately, I had a little money on me. 幸好我身上带着一点钱。
11. other, the other, another与others的用法区别:这些不定代词不仅在含义上有单复数之分,而且在用法上有泛指(无the)和特指(有the)之别。其用法区别可归纳如下:
(1) 指单数时,若泛指用another,若特指用 the other: Give me another (one). 另外给我一个。
Shut the other eye, please. 请把另一只眼睛也闭上。
(2) 指复数时,若泛指用 other(后接复数名词),若特指用the other(后接复数名词): There are other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法。 Where have the other students gone? 其他学生都到哪里去了?
(3) others永远表示复数意义(且其后不能再接名词)。其用法大致相当于“other+复数名词”,同样地 the others 大致相当于“the other+复数名词”:
Other people [Others] may not think that way. 别的人可能不这样想。
He is cleverer than the others [the other students] in her class. 他比班上其他学生聪明。
(4) another一般只能表单数,且其后接名词也只能接单数名词。但是若其后有数词或 few 修饰时,则也可接复数名词:
We need another few chairs. 我们还需要几把椅子。
In another two weeks it'll be finished. 再过两个星期就可做完了。 (5) 与 some 对比使用时,用 others(此时与 some 同义): Some say yes, and others say no. 有人说对,有人说不对。
12. 不定代词与语境考题。不定代词是高考的常考考点,有的不定代词考题出得比较灵活,不能死套规则,要注意结合语境来理解:
(1) “Is ____ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.” A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody
若只是从表面来看,填空句是个疑问句,可能会误选A。但其实此题最佳答案应选B,因为下文的答句说“只有Bob和Tim请假了”,这说明问句是在查人数,故用 Is everybody here? (大家都到齐了吗?)
(2) I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with _____. A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
此句若从表面看,有可能误选B,因为填空句为否定句。但实际上最佳答案为A,因为上文说“我同意他说的大部分内容”,这与下文的 but I don’t agree with everything(但并不是同意他说的所有内容)完全相符。
(3) “Do you have _____ at home now, Mary?” “No, we still have to get some fruit and tea.” A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
答案选C,句意为“玛丽,现在家里东西都准备齐了吗?”“还没有,我们还要买些水果和茶。” (4) “If you want a necklace, I’ll buy one for you at once.” “Oh, no. A necklace is not _____ that I need most. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything