专业资料
航空工程英语
lead Limit revers Remote Deployment 入口整流罩 温度 方向 展开 阻流门 Inlet cowl Temperature Director Deploy Blocker door Bolt Translate Segment Instrument Exhaust gas temperature Weight Sequence maximum 预冷器 总管道 套筒 在?之前 排列 阻力连杆 强迫 形成 Percooler manifold sleeve Prior to Arrange Drag link Forcing Form 引线 限制 相反 遥控器 展开 连接在?上 Is attached to 螺栓 装置 级联的 参数 百分比 Fitting Cascade Parameter Percent 移动 部分、段 仪表 排气温度 发光二极管 Light emitting diode 超出 Exceed 红线 消耗 振动 Redline Consume Vibration 重量 顺序 最大的 总的 复位 Total Reset 二、TEXT 1. the engine starting system provides air, fuel, ignition and torque for rotating the engine to an rpm at which the engine can accelerate to idle rpm. The system consists of the starters, start valves, start bleed valves, pneumatic ducting, control and power circuitry, start levers and start selector switches. The start valve and starter are located on the forward side of the engine accessory gearbox, the start bleed valve is located on the left side of the HPC case at the 11 o’clock position, the start levers, start selector switches and start valve open light are in the flight compartment. Engine starting is accomplished by supplying air from the pneumatic system through the start valve to the starter.
发动机起动系统提供引气、燃油、点火及扭矩，以使发动机转动并加速到慢车所需的转速。系统包括起动器、起动活门、起动引起活门、增压管道、控制及电源线路，起动手柄及起动选择开关。起动活门及起动器安装于发动机附件齿轮箱，起动引气活门安装于高压压气机左侧11点钟位置，起动手柄、起动选择开关及起动活门打开指示灯位于驾驶舱。发动机起动过程通过发动机增压系统提供空气经过起动活门给起动器来完成。 2. The engine starter is a single-stage, axial flow, turbine-air motor, the starter converts compressed air pressure into rotational mechanical energy sufficient to accelerate the engine to starting speed. Pressurized air and electrical power are required for starter operation. The engine may be started with air from the APU(we will introduce APU in the next lesson), from a ground source, or by using engine crossbleed. Another important system related to engine operation is the ignition system. The purpose of the ignition system is to produce a high current electrical spark to ignite the fuel /air mixture in the engine combustion chamber during starting and to provide continuons ignition during takeoff, landing and operation in adverse weather conditions. The ignition system consists of the ignition power supply, engine ignition control, 2 ignition exciters, 2 spark igniters and 2 triaxial shielded ignition leads.
发动机起动器是一个单级、轴流式空气涡轮发动机，起动器将压缩空气的压力转换为足够的转动机械能以加速发动机的转速。起动操作时需要增压空气及电源。发动机可以用APU来的引气、地面气源或发动机交输引气起动（我们将在下一课介绍APU）。另一个与发动机起动有关的重要系统是点火系统。点火系统的作用是在起动过程中产生高压电火花点燃发动机燃烧室中的燃油/空气的混合气，并在起飞、降落阶段及恶劣天气下提供持续的点火。点火系统包括点火电源、发动机点火控制、2个点火励磁器、2个火花点火器及2个三相点火屏蔽线。 3. Bleed air is extracted from the high pressure compressor for the following system: Air-conditioning Cabin pressurizatin
Wing and engine inlet cowl anti-icing Hydraulic tank pressurization Potable water tank pressurization Fan air is used as cooling air for the precooler to limit the temperature of the bleed air in the pneumatic manifold. Fan air is also used for cooling the generator and thrust reverser. 引气从高压压气机中释放给列镣系统： 空调系统
客舱增压系统
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专业资料
航空工程英语
机翼及发动机入口整流罩防冰 液压油箱增压 饮用水箱增压
风扇空气做为预冷器中的冷却空气用以限制增压总管中的引气温度。风扇空气也可用于冷却发电机和反推装置。 4. The thrust reverser system reversers the direction of the fan exhaust during landing and provides additional brakeing of the airplane. The reverser sleeve is part of the engine cowling . the actuating system is on the reverser. The control and indicatin system are located remote from the engine. The reverser can only be deployed on the ground with hydraulic pressure available. Prior to deployment the engine thrust lever must be at idle position.
In figure17-1,10blocker doors are arranged around the forward section of the thrust reverser sleeve. The forward section of the blocker door is attached to the sleeve with two bolts, the blocker door drag link attaches the blocker door to the inner duct. The ddrag link attaches to the blocker door with a link attachment fittin and to the inner duct with a bolt. As the sleeve translate aft, the blocker doors rotate into a blocking position, due to sleeve movement and the door’s attachment to the inner duct. When extended, the blocker doors block the fan exhaust, forcing air in the reverse direction through the cascade segments. When retracted, the doors form part of the outer duct for fan exhaust air.
反推装置系统将降落阶段风扇排放的气流反向并辅助飞机刹车。反推器的外壳是发动机整流罩的要部分。作动系统在反推器上。控制及指示系统从发动机遥控。反推器只能够在地面液压系统有效时打开。在打开之前，发动机反推装置必须是在慢车位。
在图17-1里，10个阻流门围绕着反推装置外壳前部排列。阻流门前段用两个螺栓与外壳相连，阻流门阻力连杆将阻流门连接在内部管道上。阻力连杆用一个连接装置连接到阻流门并用一个螺栓连接到内部管道上。当外壳移动后部，阻流门转到阻流位，由于外壳转动，并且门连接在内部管道。当扩展时，阻流门阻止风扇排气，迫使空气反向通过级联段。当收回时，阻流门将作为风扇向外排气的外部管道的一部份。 5. The engine and hydraulic parameters are displayed on two engine instrument panel(ELS)using light emitting diodes(LED).
Engine displays and controls on the center panel consist of the following : ·N1 displays—— indicate fan speed in percent rpm.
·N2 displays —indicate high pressure compressor speed in percent rpm . ·Exhaust gas temperature(EGT)displays 1. indicate temperature of exhaust gas in °C. 2. a red light above each N1,N2,and EGT display illuminates if that engine exceed its redline. ·Fuel flow displays
Indicate fuel flow in weight of fuel per hour and also total fuel consumed per engine.
The FUEL FLOW/FUEL USED switch is used to change display from FUEL FLOW to FUEL USED, after 10 seconds the FUEL USED display reverts to FUEL FLOW.
·The FUEL USED RESET display a sequence:fuel used since last trset or power— up, then 000, and finally fuel flow.
·Engine oil pressure displays —display engine oil pressure in psi.
·Engine oil temperature displays— display engine oil temperature in°C.
·Engine oil quantity displays —display oil quantity of engine in percent of full. ·Engine vibration displays —display engine maximum vibration.
·Hydraulic pressure displays —display hydraulic systems pressure in psi.
·Hydraulic quantity displays —display hydraulic system quantity in % of full. 发动机及液压参数用发光二极管显示在两个发动机指示面板上。 发动机在中央面板上显示及控制包括以下内容： ·N1显示—用转速百分比指示风扇转速
·N2显示—用转速百分比指示高压压气机转速。 ·排气温度指示 1. 用°C指示排气温度。 2. 如果发动机超出红线，N1，N2上方的红灯及发动机排气温度指示灯亮。 ·燃油流量指示
用每台发动机每小时总的消耗重量指示燃油量。
FUEL FLOW/FUEL USED开关用于改变FUEL FLOW/FUEL USED的显示模式，10秒后FUEL USED显示恢复到FUEL FLOW。 ·FUEL USED RESET—显示一个顺序：上次重置后上电后的燃油使用，然后是000，最终燃油流量。 ·发动机滑油压力指示—用PSI指示发动机滑油压力。 ·发动机滑油温度指示—用°C指示发动机滑油温度。 ·发动机滑油量指示—用百分比显示发动机滑油量。 ·发动机振动值指示—显示发动机最大振动值。 ·液压指示—用PSI显示液压系统压力。 ·液压油量显示—用百分比显示液压油量。
LESSON 18 AUSILLARY POWER UNIT (1)
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专业资料 一、单词 电的 钛 分开 喷射管 容易接近地 简单的 离心的 电磁线圈 调节 施加 恒定的 插头 密封的 安装 通电 最低 表压 引导 因而 衬垫 Electrical Titanium Split Jet pipe Accessible Simple Centrifugal Solenoid Regulate apply Constant Plug hermetically Install Energize Minimum Psig Conduct Thus Liner 完全地 入口 通路 组件 检查 吊车 径向的 放置 最初的 测量 速度 电路 密封 连接 保证 润滑 释放 噪音 园柱体 集油盘 航空工程英语
Completely Inlet Path Pack Inspection Hoist radial Place initial Meter Speed Circuit Seal interface Ensure lubricate De-energize Noise Cylindrical Drip pan 封入 入口 孔、洞 容易地 拆卸 电缆 流入、内流 超控 污染 接近 安全的 点火激励器 金属 程序化的 起燃 形成 保持?状态 消音器 绝缘纸 间隔 Enclose Entrance Hole Readily removal Cable Inflow Override contamination Near Safe Ignition exciter Metal Sequencing Initiate Build up Remain Muffler Felt Gap 二、TEXT 1. the auxiliary power unit (APU) is used for providing: 1. compressed air for engine starting. 2. Compressed air to the air conditining system on the ground or in flight. 3. Electrical power to the airplane electrical system on the ground or in -flight ,(we will discuss APU electrical power in the next lesson). 辅助动力装置APU被用于提供以下： 1) 为发动机起动提供压缩空气
2) 在地面或飞行中为空调系统提供压缩空气 3) 在地面或飞行中为飞机电源系统提供电源 2. The APU engine is located in the aft end of the fuselage, behind the pressure bulkhead and below the horizontal stabilizer. The APU engine is completely enclosed in a titanium shroud. The air inlet door is located on the right side of the aft fuselage for air entrance. The airflow is split into two paths, one for the engine and the second for the accessories cooling. The cooling air exhaust overboard through a hole in lower shroud. The exhaust ducting is cooled by four air inlets around the jet pipe. Fuel is supplied through a shrouded line from fuel tank. Bleed air from the APU is supplied to the pneumatic system through a bleed valve, the bleed air can be used to perate either of the two air —conditioning packs or for main engine starting. The APU is readily accessible for inspection, maintenance or removal through a large door in the fuselage directly below it . removal is accomplished by lowering the assembly with a simple hoist and cable system.
The APU is a singe shaft gas turbine engine with a two stage centrifugal compressor, a single combustion chamber and one radial inflow turbine. The accessories group, driven by the gear box , is at the front of the unit. APU发动机安装于机身尾部、压力隔板后面及水平安定面下方。APU发动机被完全地封进一个钛防护罩中。空气进口安装于机身后部右侧。进入APU的空气被分成两个通路，一个供给发动机，另一个供给容易接近的冷却器。冷却空气通过保护罩下方的一个孔排放出去。排气管道被四个围绕喷射管道的进口空气冷却。燃油从燃油箱通过一个带保护的管道提供。从APU出来的引气通过一个引气阀门被提供到增压系统，引气可以被用来控制两个空调组件中的任一个，也可用于发动机起动。
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专业资料
航空工程英语
APU通过它正下方机身的一个大的口盖很容易接近，并通过它进行检查、维护或拆装工作。通过组件下方用一个简单的吊架和线缆系统完成拆卸。
APU是一个单轴气动涡轮发动机，它有一个两级离心压气机，一个单燃烧室和一个径向内流式涡轮。由齿轮箱驱动的附件组位于组件前面。 3. The APU fuel system consist of a fuel valve, control unit, solenoid valve, f ilter, heater and control valve. The fuel valve allows fuel supply from the tank to the APU engine. This valve operation is controlled by the APU switch on P5 panel, is it opened by placing the APU switch to the ON postion and closed by the switch placed to the OFF position. The valve can be operated manually without power by the override handle. The control unit regulates the fuel flow to the combustion chamber, during starting and normal operation. The solenoid valve allows fuel flow to the combustion chamber after the initial rotation of the APU. The two fuel filters are used to prevent contamination of the pump and fuel control unit. The fuel heater is used to prevent ice from blocking the fuel filter.
APU燃油系统包括一个燃油活门、控制组件、电磁活门油滤、加热器及控制活门。燃油活门允许燃油从燃油箱提供给APU发动机。此活门是通过P5板上的APU开关操作的，当APU开关置于ON位时打开，置于OFF位时关闭。此开关在没有电源情况下可通过超控手柄进行人工操作。控制组件用来在起动及正常操作期间调节流进燃烧室的燃油量。电磁开关允许燃油当APU初始转动后流向燃烧室。两个油滤用来防止污染泵及燃油控制组件。燃油加热器用来防止燃油结冰堵塞燃油油滤。 4. The fuel from the tank is delivered to the fuel control unit through the fuel valve. The fuel control unit supplies and regulates the fuel to the combustion chamber. The regulated fuel flow controls the acceleration of the APU engine during the starting operation. When a load is applied to the APU, the fuel control unit meters the fuel flow to maintain a near constant speed and a safe operating temperature of the unit. 燃油箱中的燃油通过燃油活门被送到燃油控制组件。燃油控制组件对进入燃烧室的燃油进行调节。调节燃油量可对APU发动机起动时的加速进行控制。当一个负载被加到APU上时，燃油控制组件测量燃油量以保持一个相近的恒定速度及组件的安全温度。 5. The APU ignition and starting system provides the means of rotating the APU engine to starting speed and for igniting the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber. This system consists of a start switch, starter, start relay, ignition exciter, igniter plug, and control circuit. The starter provides initial power for rotatin the APU engine compressor, tubine, and engine –driven accessories to a speed high enough to obtain good airflow for combustion. The ignition exciter provides the high voltage required to produce the spark at the ignitor plug, the ignition exciter electrical components are enclosed in a hermetically sealed metal container. The igniter plug is installed on the forward side of the combustion chamber, it is used to provide the high energy spark for igniting the fuel/air mixture.
APU点火及起动系统提供APU发动机起动速度时的转动及点燃燃烧室中的油气混合物。这系统包括一个起动开关、起动器、起动继电器、点火励磁器、点火器插头及控制电路。起动器为APU发动机压气机、涡轮及发动机驱动附件到足够高的速度以得到燃烧所需的气流转动提供初始动力。点火励磁器为在点火器插头上产生火花提供高压电能，点火励磁器电子组件被封入一个密封地金属容器内。点火插头被安装在燃烧室的前面，被用来提供点燃油气混合物的高能花火。 6. The start system interfaces with the sequencing oil pressure switch, speed switch, APU control unit and APU switch. During APU start, the starter is energized and APU rotates. The ignition exciter is energized by the action of the sequencing oil pressure switch(this switch ensures that combustion cannot be initiated during an APU start until a minimum lubricating oil pressure has been buildup during APU start, with increasing oil pressure, this switch closes at 4 psig oil pressure and provides 28 volt dc power to the fuel solenoid valve and the ignition exciter). The starter and ignition circuits are de-energized by the action of the speed switch during APU engine acceleration. During normal engine operation, the exciter remains de-energized.
起动系统连接着程序化的滑油压力开关、速度开关、APU控制组件及APU开关。APU起动期间，起动器被接通，APU转动。点火励磁器通过程序化的滑油压力开关（此开关确保在APU起动到建立最小的滑油润滑压力期间不会燃烧。在APU起动期间，随着滑油压力增加，当滑油压力达到4PSIG时，开关关闭，并且提供28伏直流电给燃油电磁活门及点火励磁器）动作被接通。起动器及点火线圈在APU发动机加速期间通过速度开关被释放。在发动机正常操作期间，励磁器保持断开。 7. The APU exhaust conducts the engine exhaust gas overboard and reduces the noise level of the high velocity gas flow. The exhaust duct consists of a heat shield and a muffler. The muffler is inside the heat shield. A felt metal liner is installed on the inside surface of the muffler for noise reduction. At the forward end ,the heat shield has a drip pan and is supported by the engine shroud. There si a gap between the muffler and the APU engine exhaust. At the aft end ,the exhaust duct is supported by the aft fairing . APU排放口引导发动机排出气体到外面并降低高速气流的噪音。排放管道包括一个加热保护罩和一个消音器。消音器安装于加热保护罩内部。一个绝缘金属垫片消音器内表面上，用来降低噪音。在加热器前端有一个集油盘并被发动机保护罩支持。在消音器与APU发动机排气口之间有一个间隙。排气管道后端由后整流罩支撑。
LESSON 19 AUXILIARY POWER UNIT （2）
一、单词 首先 中线 放电器 Primarily Neutral Discharger 供给 导线 开缝的 Furnish Lead slotted 接线端 在?外面 频率 teminal Outside Frequency 24
专业资料
航空工程英语
Achieve Tripping Latch Contact Gain Momentary polarity Charger stud 跳开关 永久磁铁 弹簧 接触器 应用 通电 插座 主要的 Breaker Permanent magnet Spring Contactor Application Energize Receptacle Essential 闭合 帮助 保持 信号 允许 线圈 汇流条防护 缺席 Closing Assist hold Signal Allow Coil Bus protection panel Absence 得到 松开 锁定 触点 获得 短暂的 极性 充电器 柱螺栓 二、TEXT 1. the APU driven generator is mounted on the foreard face of the APU accessory drive gearbox. The APU generator produces the AC power required by the airplane systems primarily for ground operation, the generator can also be used as a backup generator in flight. APU is used to furnish 60 KVA of electrical power on the ground and used as AC power source of 50 KVA in flight.
APU驱动的发电机安装在APU附件齿轮箱前表面上。APU发电机可产生飞机在地面操作时系统所需基本交流电，此发电机同时也可做为飞行中的备用电源。APU被用来在地面提供60千伏安的电源及飞行中提供50千伏安的交流电源。 2. The APU ac generator has 6 ac terminals:
T1,T2,and T3 are the power terminals, T4,T5 and T6 are the neutral or ground terminals. T1 and T4 are for phase A, the leads are color-coded red. T2 and T5 are for phase C, the leads are color-coded blue. T3 and T6 are for phase B, the leads are color-coded yellow.
These terminal numbering and color-coding is the same as for the engine –driven generators. Cooling air enters through a duct from outside the APU compartment, passes through the generator and discharges into the APU. The generator is attached to the APU accessory drive gearbox with 12 slotted holes over mounting studs. The neutral current transformer sense the total current flowing through the APU generator at the neutral terminal. APU发电机有六个交流接线端：
T1，T2和T3是电源接线端，T4，T5和T6是中线或地面接线端。 T1和T4为A相，导线颜色为红色。 T2和T5为C相，导线颜色为蓝色。 T3和T6为B相，导线颜色为黄色。
这些接线端号码及颜色代码与发动机驱动的发电机是相同的。冷却空气通过一个APU外面的管道进来，通过发电机和排气装置进入APU。发电机被放在APU附件驱动齿轮箱上，用12个双头螺栓固定。中线电流转换感受流过APU发电机中线接线端的总的电流。 3. The ac power produced by APU generator is of constant frequency. To achieve this, the APU generator drive( including a gearbox) can be used for reducing the high speed of the APU engine to a lower speed. The APU engine drive the generator in lower speed to produce ac power at constant frequency.
APU发电机产生的交流电源是恒频的。为得到恒频电源，APU驱动发电机可将APU发动机高速度降成低速使用。APU发动机以低速驱动发电机，从而产生恒频的交流电。 4. The two APU generator breakers( see figure 19-2) connect 115 volt ac, 400 hertz, 3-phase power to the distribution system from the APU generator. The APU generator breakers are located in the bottom of the P6 panel in the flight compartment. The breaker has a dc coil for closing and tripping. A permanent magnet assists closing and latches the breaker in the closed position. An internal spring assists opening and holds it in the open position. The breaker has 6 main 115 volt ac contacts and 20 auxiliary contacts. The auxiliary contacts are used to control the positions of APU generator breakers and external power contactors, and for indicating lights in the flights in the flight compartment. The closing and tripping signals for the breakers are from the P5-4 panel. The breaker conacts position is indicated by the blue APU GEN OFF BUS light on the P5-4 panel. Access to the breaker is gained by opening circuit breaker panerls p6-11 and P6-12 at the bottom of P6 panel. 两中APU发电机跳开关将115伏，400HZ的三相交流电连接到APU发电机的分配系统。APU发电机跳开关安装在驾驶舱P6面板的低部。跳开关有一个打开/闭合用的直流线圈。一个永久磁铁帮助跳开关闭合并锁定在闭合位。一个内部弹簧帮助跳开关打开并保持在松开位。这个跳开关有6个主115伏交流触点和20个辅助触点。这些辅助触点用来控制APU发电机跳开关位置及外部电源接触器，及驾驶舱内的灯光指示。跳开关的闭合或松开信号指示来自P5-4面板。跳开关触点位置由P5-4面板上的蓝色“APU GEN OFF BUS”灯指示。跳开关可通过打开P6面板低部的P6-11及P6-12电路跳开关后接近。 5. Application of 28 volt dc to close, allows momentary energizing of the coil . when the breaker closes, the coil deenergizes through the auxiliary contact and the breaker is held closed by the permanent magnet.
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