Doctrine(杜鲁门主义，1947)和Marshall Plan(马歇尔计划，1947)，并建立NATO(The North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 44. Who was considered as father of modern astronomy and forward his theory that the sun, not the earth, is the centre of the universe? A Copernicus B Kepler C Galileo D Newton A.Copernicus(哥白尼，1473--1543)，波兰天文学家，创立太阳是宇宙的中心的“日心说”，推翻了托勒密的“地心说”，使自然科学开始从神学中解放出来，著有 The revolution of Heavenly Orbs(《天体运动论》)。哥白尼被认为是“现代天文学之父”。 45. The 1920s in the United States has been described as a period of ___. A cultural revival B loss of purpose C development in science and technology D material success and spiritual frustration D.许多历史学家都把美国的20世纪20年代描述为物质上成功，精神上颓废且迷惘的时期。 46. “Marshall Plan” aimed at the following except ___. A restoring the economy B avoiding revolution C providing funds for all the countries involved in the war D finding markets for US’ extra goods B.“Marshall Plan”(马歇尔计划)，即 The European Recovery Program (欧洲复兴计划)1917年由过国务卿 George C. Marshall(乔治.C.马歇尔)将军提出的，旨在帮助西欧国家复兴在第二次世界大战中遭到破坏的经济，并抵制苏联、东欧共产党国家的影响。自1948—1951年，美国向欧洲经济合作组织的17个西欧国家共提供了125亿美圆的援款和物资。该计划既有利于西欧国家经济的恢复，又符合美国自身的经济利益。该计划远定5年，结果提前一年完成。马歇尔也由于该计划获得1953年诺贝尔和平奖。 47. ___ is considered America’s unique contribution to music. A Jazz B Rock and Roll C Country Music D Western Music A. Jazz(爵士乐)，由美国南方黑人文化发展而来、惟一对西方国家音乐产生重大影响的美国本土音乐。最初出现于19世纪末，当时路易斯安那新奥尔良（New Orleans）——一些街头乐队所演奏的音乐是最早的爵士乐，该市New Orleans被称为爵士乐的诞生地 48. “God help those who help themselves” is a citation from the work of _____. A Paine B Franklin C Freneau D Jefferson B, 该句是富兰克林的名句。 英国 1. When did the Renaissance reach its height with its centre moving to Milan, then to Rome and created High Renaissance? A in the 16th century B in the 15th century C in the 11th century D in the 17th century A.欧洲的文艺复兴开始于意大利的佛罗伦萨和威尼斯，随后随着其中心移到米兰，再到罗马，文艺复兴在16世纪达到了High Renaissance(鼎盛时期)（1493--1530）。
2. Who was the first woman Prime Minister in British history? A Elizabeth I B Elizabeth II C Margaret Thatcher D Diana Princess of Wales C.Margaret Thatcher (玛格丽特.撒切儿)，英国首相（1979——1990），是英国历史上第一位女首相，保守党人，在1979年的大选中击败工党，上台执政，推行“私有化”及“自由经济”政策，在1983和1987年两次大选中获胜，蝉联首相，是站后英国首相任职时间最长的一位，曾四度访问中国。 3. How many members are there in the House of Commons? A 650 B 524 C 72 D 651 D, 下议院共有651名议员。 4. Which of the following people didn’t use to be the British Prime Minister? A Margaret Thatcher B Winston Churchill C Horatio Nelson D John Major C, 撒切尔夫人，丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首相；而纳尔逊（1758-1805），英国海军统帅，因作战负伤，右眼失明，失去右臂。后任地中海舰队司令，在特法尔加角海战中大败西班牙联合舰队，本人受重伤阵亡，号称 Viscount Nelson。 5. The Tories were the forerunners of _____, which still bears this nickname today. A the Labour Party B the Conservative Party C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party B, 托利党是英国保守党的前身。 6. The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s _____ decline. A political B educational C military D economic D, 现在“英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上的衰退。 7. The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _____. A globalization B nationalization C privatization D competition C, 正如20世纪40年代被看作是国有化的时代一样，20世纪80年代被看作是私有化的时代。包括英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎40% 的国有公司实现了私有化。 8. Today, in Britain, ______ is called a “sick” industry. A coal mining B iron and steel C textiles D shipbuilding A, 英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。英国的煤产量在一战前达到顶点，如今的英国的煤矿业衰退，从而导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。 9. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ____ modified and improved the design in 1765. A Abraham Darby B James Watt C John Kay D Richard Arkwrightthe B, 第一台蒸汽机是 Thomas Newcomer 在17世纪末设计的，后来苏格兰发明家瓦特在1765年对原有的设计进行了改进提高，生产出了第一台高效的蒸汽机并应用到纺织和其他机械业中。 10. _____ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism. A The Chartist Movement B The Industrial Revolution C The French Revolution D The Glorious Revolution B, 工业革命产生了工人阶级，即无产阶级。后来形成了工会制度。
11.____is the home of golf. A England B Scotland C Wales D Ireland B 高尔夫是一项古老的贵族的运动，源于十五世纪或更早以前的苏格兰，苏格兰地区山多，气候湿润，多雾，非常适合牧草生长，这里的工业文明以前是连绵不断的牧场。相传当时牧羊人放牧闲暇时，用木板玩游戏，将石子击入兔子窝或洞中。久而久之形成了使用不同的球杆并按一定的规则击球。 12.Which of the following languages is NOT spoken in Scotland? A English B Scottish C Gaelic D Denish D Gaelic苏格兰盖尔语是高地苏格兰人的传统语言；更多人使用的语言是英语。一直到15世纪末，盎格鲁人仍然以他们的语言称苏格兰盖尔语为「苏格兰语」（盎格鲁语：Scottish）。 13.The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built by ____ A King Harold B Robin Hood C Oliver Cromwell D William the Conqueror D 伦敦塔名为“塔”，实际上是公元11世纪处于罗马统治时期的一座城堡式建筑。 14.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son____, the regime began immediately to collapse. A Henry B Hamilton C Richard D Charles C Oliver Cromwell的儿子在父亲过世后继承王权，但是不久后掌控的政体瓦解。1660年，议会扶植流浪法国的前国王儿子Charle二世当国王。 15.Reuters was founded in ____ A 1715 B 1751 C 1851 D 1815 C 路透社是世界四大通讯社之一，也是英国创办最早的通讯社。1850年由保罗·朱利叶斯·路透 （paul julius reuter）在德国亚琛创办，1851年迁址到伦敦。创办人路透原为德国人，后加入英国籍。1865年，路透把他的私人通讯社扩展成为一家大公司。 16.The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of _____ crosses. A one B two C three D four C, 英国国旗为红白蓝三色的米字旗（也叫“Union Jack”），是由三个十字组成。 17. _____ was the home of the Lake Poets William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor, Coleridge and Robert Southey of 19th century Britain. A Lough Neagh B Windermere C Lake District D Coniston Water C, 位于英格兰西北部和威尔士北部的湖区是英国著名的风景区之一，也是英国十九世纪湖畔诗人聚居的地方。 18. The first known settlers of Britain were the _____. A Iberians B Beaker Folk C Celts D Anglo-Saxons A, 最早来英国定居的是伊比利亚人。大约在公元前3000年左右，也就是新石器时代，他们从伊比利亚半岛（即今天的西班牙）来到英国。 19. Which one is not the reason for the very limited influence of Roman to Britain? A The Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class. B The Romans and Britons never intermarry during the 4 centuries
C The Romans didn’t like the Britons. D The Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons. C, 尽管罗马人征服了英国，但是罗马文化对英国的影响十分有限。这主要是因为：罗马人一直把英国人看作是社会地位相当于奴隶的被降伏的民族；在长达四个世纪的时间里从来没有罗马人跟英国人通婚；罗马人对英国平民阶层的语言和文化没有任何影响。 20. The Hundred Years’ war with France ended by the English being driven out of France. By 1453 _____ was the only part of France that was still in the hands of the English. A Dover B Calais C Southampton D Portsmouth B, 英法之间的百年战争以英国人被赶出法国而告终。到1453年战争结束时，只有法国北部的加莱港还在英国人手里。 21.Which war had little effect on ordinary people but gave a death blow to feudalism? A The Wars of the Roses B The Hundred Years’ War C The English Civil War D World War I A, 尽管玫瑰战争持续了30年，但对老百姓的生活几乎没什么影响，反倒使英国的封建主义受到致命打击，贵族阶层受到了削弱。 22. The English Civil War, also called the Puritan Revolution, is generally regarded as the beginning of modern ____ history. A European B Scottish C Welsh D world D, 英国内战也叫“清教徒革命”，这是因为反对国王的人大部分是那些清教徒。英国内战不仅推翻了英国的封建制度，也动摇了欧洲封建统治的基础。所以，从这个角度讲，英国内战通常被看作现代世界史的开端。 23. Which name is NOT related to Britain? A Northern Ireland B Scotland C Wales D Toronto D, 多伦多属于加拿大,与英国无关。 24. The news agency Reuters was founded in _____. A London B Birmingham C Liverpool D Manchester A, 路透社创建于伦敦。 25. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England? A The Anglo-Saxon B The Normans C The Vikings D The Romans A, 英国民族的前身是安格鲁萨克森人。 26. Which is the largest city in Scotland? A Cardiff B Edinburgh C Glasgow D Manchester C, 格拉斯格是苏格兰最大的城市和经济中心。 27. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 _____. A can legally receive completely free education B can legally receive partly free education C cannot receive free education at all D cannot receive free education of their parents are rich A, 英国小孩 5—16岁的教育是免费的。
28. The Industrial Revolution started in _____. A the Great Britain B the United States C Canada D Australia A, 工业革命起源于英国。 29 Which is the correct name to use to refer to Britain in a political way? A Great Britain B The British Isles C The United Kingdom D England C, 提起英国，很多人会使用名字“Britain”，“England”或“British”，但这往往会惹恼苏格兰人，威尔士人以及北爱尔兰人。从政治角度来讲，“the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”或 “the United Kingdom/UK”是英国正确的叫法。“the British Isles”则是地理意义上的名字，包括Great Britain，the whole of Ireland （ Northern and Southern），the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man 这些岛屿。 30 Britain has, for centuries , been slowly tilting with _____. A the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinking B the North-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinking C the South-East slowly rising and the North-west slowly sinking D the South-West slowly rising and the North-East slowly sinking A, 英国几个世纪以来地势一直在缓慢地倾斜，表现为西北部在慢慢上升，而东南部在慢慢下沉，所以英国的西北部为高地 31. The river Thames is in _____. A Wales B Scotland C England D Northern Ireland C, 泰晤士河位于英格兰。 32. Which of the following is true under Thatcher’s administration? A The proportion of owner-occupation decreased. B Public housing became more important. C Many public houses were sold to people. D The UK became more European-like in its housing arrangement. C, 1979年撒切尔夫人成为英国第一任女首相。她提出的政策称被为“撒切尔主义”。其内容包括国有企业私有化，采用货币主义政策以控制通货膨胀，削弱工会的影响，加强市场因素在经济中的作用，将公有住房卖给公众，强调法律和秩序。在一定程度上讲，她的计划是成功的。她领导英国经济度过了一段最繁华的时期。 33. Which of the following is the oldest national Sunday newspaper in Britain? A The Times B The Guardian C The Observer D The Financial Times C, 《观察家报》创刊于1791年，是英国创刊最早的星期日报纸。 34. The Capital of Wales is _____. A Swansea B Cardiff C Rhonda D Belfast B, 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫。 35. Which of the following is a feature of British education as a whole? A Education is chaotic. B Education is extremely expensive and poor people can’t afford it. C Education is highly centralized. D Education is rather independent and enjoys a great deal of freedom. D, 英国教育制度经过几百年的改革，相当的完善和复杂，同时又具有相当的灵活性。