Born to win
69. It seems that some young scientists ________.
[A] have a keen interest in prediction [B] often speculate on the future [C] think highly of creative thinking [D] stick to “scientific method”
70. The author implies that the results of scientific research ________.
[A] may not be as profitable as they are expected [B] can be measured in dollars and cents [C] rely on conformity to a standard pattern [D] are mostly underestimated by management
Section IV English-Chinese Translation
Directions:
Read the following passage carefully and then translate underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
71) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the historian’s craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.
72) Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. 73) During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession. 74) There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians, especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of “tunnel method,” frequently fall victim to the “technicist fallacy.” Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.
75) It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. Section V Writing
Born to win
1999年考研英语真题答案
Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (20 points) Part A (5 points) Part B (5 points) 11. [D] were 13. [C] family-run 15. [B] that 17. [C] to make 19. [B] great Part C (10 points) 21. [A] 26. [C] 31. [C] 36. [B] 22. [D] 27. [A] 32. [B] 37. [A] 23. [C] 28. [B] 33. [D] 38. [B] 24. [B] 29. [D] 34. [C] 39. [D] 25. [A] 30. [C] 35. [C] 40. [B] 12. [D] saving 14. [C] environmental 16. [A] in 18. [D] skinned 20. [D] unless Section II: Cloze Test (10 points) 41. [D] 46. [C] 42. [A] 47. [D] 43. [B] 48. [C] 44. [A] 49. [A] 45. [B] 50. [D] Section III: Reading Comprehension (40 points) 51. [B] 56. [C] 61. [C] 66. [A] 52. [C] 57. [D] 62. [A] 67. [A] 53. [A] 58. [B] 63. [B] 68. [B] 54. [D] 59. [B] 64. [C] 69. [D] 55. [A] 60. [D] 65. [D] 70. [A] Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)
71. 几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认
为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。 72. 人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次
是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。 73. 在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统
的历史研究方法。 74. 所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体
领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。
Born to win
75. 这种谬误同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派；前者认为历史就是史学界内
部和外部人士对各种史料来源的评论，后者认为历史的研究是具体方法的研究。 Section V: Writing (15 points) 76. 参考范文
The two graphs tell us something about population growth and wildlife extinction in the U.S. From 1800, the American population has been growing all the time. In the 100 years from 1600 to 1700, the number of wildlife species remained almost stable, with the next 200 years witnessing a growing trend in wildlife extinction. It can be easily seen that the more the human beings, the fewer the animal species.
There may be several reasons for this effect. First, as human population expands, more and more wild animals are hunted for food. Second, due to all kinds of pollution and the damage of ecosystem caused by man, some animals have nowhere to live. Third, some animals are of great medical value, they become the targets for making money.
It is time we took some measures to stop this disturbing trend. On one hand, government should pass some laws and regulations to prevent people from killing more wild animals and forbid further damage to our environment. On the other hand, we should cultivate the awareness that animals are our friends and their extinction poses a threat rather than brings benefits to us. Only when human beings live in harmony with all kinds of animals can we really build a beautiful and healthy world.