11．词汇辨析题 本题目选择过去分词，修饰前面相邻的名词。句子叙述到Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one by the Spanish crown. “罗马天主教过去是西班牙的国教，是西班牙王室唯一…的宗教。” 该过去分词短语修饰前面的“Roman Catholicism 罗马天主教”，体现出“Roman crown 罗马皇室”对于“罗马天主教”的态度。 选项A. allowed准许；
B. preached 宣扬； C. granted 承认； D. funded资助。 不难发现，句中的only可判断，西班牙王室只承认罗马天主教。选项A. allowed准许，表示许可，对于严肃的宗教地位不适用；选项B. preached 宣扬，对于宗教地位应该不仅仅是宣扬这么肤浅，皇室要通过政治权利规定宗教的信仰及其地位，该词不合理；选项C. granted 承认（授权），符合句子含义；选项D. funded资助，表示通过资金来支持，不符合宗教地位的要求。因此，正确答案为C。
12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. 12．［A］Since ［B］If ［C］Unless ［D］While 13．［A］as ［B］for ［C］under ［D］against 14．［A］spread ［B］interference［C］exclusion ［D］influence
12. 逻辑关系题 本题目选择连词，体现句子之间的逻辑关系。句子叙述到 __ most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism …, some sought to end the…. “大多数领导人致力于保留天主教，…一些人致力于结束…。”选择逻辑关系词，相关联的两个句子提供信息决定答案。 选项A. since因为；
B. if 如果； C. unless 除非； D. while 而。 不难发现，关于宗教信仰问题，领导人分成两个派别，即，“大多数致力于保留天主教”和“一些人致力于结束它的统治地位”。显然，二者观点相异。因此，正确答案为D。 13．词汇辨析题 本题目选择介词，将后面的名词和前面句子的逻辑关系。句子叙述到while most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism ___ the official religion of the new states, “大多数领导人致力于保留天主教…新的官方宗教。” 选项A. as 作为；
B. for 为了；
C. under 在...之下； D. against 反对。
显然这里as the official religion of the new states是方式状语，与maintain搭配使用，符合语意关系。因此，正确答案为A。 14．词汇辨析题 本题目选择名词，在句子中做宾语。句子叙述到some sought to end the of other faiths. “一些领导人致力于结束对于其他宗教信仰的…。” 选项A. spread 传播；
B. interference干涉； C. exclusion 排除；
D. promised 承诺。 不难发现，关于宗教信仰问题，领导人分成两个派别，即，“大多数致力于保留天主教”和“一些人致力于结束排挤其他宗教的行为”。显然，二者观点相异。两拨人的观点截然不同，exclusion用在此处符合语境，表示“结束对于其他宗教的排挤”。这里使用spread，interference和influence与前面内容均不构成转折关系。因此，正确答案为C。
The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces. 15．［A］support［B］cry［C］plea［D］wish
15．固定搭配题 选择名词，构成rallying…的固定搭配。在句子中充当宾语。句子叙述到The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces. “保卫教会成为保守势力的战斗…。”选项A. support 支持；B. cry 哭喊；C. plea 恳请；D. wish 希望。本句与前一句内容有隐含的因果关系，这是由于一些领导人主张允许信仰其他宗教，因此保卫教会成为保守势力的战斗口号。这里rallying cry为固定搭配。因此，正确答案为B。
The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. 16．［A］urged ［B］intended ［C］expected ［D］promised
16．固定搭配题 本题目选择动词，与to 构成搭配，在句子中充当谓语动词。句子叙述到Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. “玻利瓦尔得到海地的援助，作为回报，他…在自己解放的地区废除奴隶制度。” 选项A. urged 敦促；
B. intended 打算； C. expected 期望； D. promised 答应。
不难发现，从句中的in return可以看出，海地对玻利瓦尔的帮助并非无条件的，其条件就是后者承诺废除奴隶制度。选项A. urged 敦促，表示主动且积极，不符合句子含义；选项B. intended 打算，表示主动且积极，不符合句子含义；选项C. expected 期望，表示主观能动性，不符合句子含义；选项D. promised 答应，这里promise to do sth.意为“答应做某事”，答应是口头的并非付诸于行动的，在此有“阳奉阴违”的意味。因此，正确答案为D。
By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies. 17．［A］controlling ［B］former ［C］remaining ［D］original 17．词汇辨析题 本题目选择形容词，修饰名词colonies。句子叙述到By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s ___colonies. “到了1854年，除了西班牙…的殖民地外，其他的地区都已经废除奴隶制。” 选项A. controlling正在统治的；
B. former原来的； C. remaining遗留的； D. original 原始的。
不难发现，选项A. controlling正在统治的，“到了1854年，除了西班牙正在统治的殖民地外，其他的地区都已经废除奴隶制”，与前文的阳奉阴违的答应废除奴隶制没有逻辑上的一致性，不符合句子含义；选项B. former原来的，“到了1854年，除了西班牙原来的殖民地外，其他的地区都已经废除奴隶制”，“原来的”体现出虽然独立但是民主的政策却丝毫没有效用，显然不符合句子含义；选项C. remaining遗留的，“到了1854年，除了西班牙遗留的殖民地外，其他的地区都已经废除奴隶制”，即体现了独立的举措，又表现出阳奉阴违的不彻底的废除奴隶制的行为；选项D. original 原始的，“到了1854年，除了西班牙原始的殖民地外，其他的地区都已经废除奴隶制”，显然这样的表达没有任何“独立”的迹象，不符合句子含义。因此应选C，指西班牙的残存的殖民地国家。
Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 . 18．［A］slower［B］faster［C］easier［D］tougher 19．［A］created［B］produced［C］contributed［D］preferred
18．语义辨析题 本题目选择副词的比较级形式，在句子中表示状态。句子叙述到Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much ___ because… “停止印地安人上贡和对混血人种征税的早期承诺实现得颇为…。” 选项A. slower较慢；
B. faster较快； C. easier较容易； D. tougher较难。
显然，四个选项在句子中似乎都是合理的，确定该题目为语意辨析题。上文提到玻利瓦尔承诺废除奴隶制，到1854年除了西班牙剩余的殖民地外，其他地区都已废除奴隶制，因此，根据上下文可知，此处是说这个承诺实现得缓慢，不像废除奴隶制那样快，因此，正确答案为A。
19．词汇辨析题 本题目选择动词，在定语从句中充当谓语动词。句子叙述到the new nations still needed the revenue such policies _ . “新的国家仍然需要这些政策所…的税收收入。”选项A. created 创建；
B. produced 产生，生产； C. contributed 有助于； D. preferred 更喜欢。
不难发现，本题所在部分意为“新国家仍然需要这些政策所带来的税收收入”，这些税收收入是这些policies带来的，这里使用produce意思相近。选项A. created 创造，创建，不能与“revenue 收入”构成合理的主谓关系；选项C. contributed 有助于，一般要构成“contribute to”的短语才能够接宾语，在此不符合句子含义；选项D. preferred 更喜欢，一般要构成“prefer to”的短语。句子中没有提供比较的参照，所以不涉及“更喜欢”，不符合句子含义。因此，正确答案为B。
Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy. 20．［A］ puzzled by ［B］hostile to ［C］pessimistic about ［D］unprepared for
20. 词汇辨析题 本题目选择过去分词短语，在句子中构成被动语态，充当谓语。句子叙述
到Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was __ self-rule and democracy. “平等的情绪通常被缓解，这是由于担心大众…自治和民主。” 选项A. puzzled by 困惑；
B. hostile to 敌对； C. pessimistic to 悲观；
D. unprepared to 未准备好。
本段前文一直在提人人平等，最后一句指出一种担心情绪：大众未对自治和民主做好准备。由于新的独立国家的人们刚刚摆脱了殖民统治，因此人们还没有充分了解和熟悉自治和民主，这里使用unprepared for符合语境。因此，正确答案为D。
全文翻译到了1830年，原来的西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地变成了独立的国家。这些国家的大约2千万居民对未来充满期待。许多独立国家的领导人在旧政权和伊比利亚殖民注意岌岌可危时出生，他们都认同议会制政府，向人才开放职业，商业贸易自由，私有财产所有权，认为个人是社会的基础。他们普遍认为新国家应该是独立的主权国家，足够大，能够在经济上切实可行，由一套共同法律让各个新的独立国家联合起来。
但是，在宗教自由和教会地位这个问题上，各国领导人之间存在着分歧。罗马天主教过去是西班牙国教，是唯一得到西班牙王室承认的宗教。多数领导人致力于保留天主教为新国家的官方宗教，而一些领导人致力于终结不能有其他宗教信仰的状况。保卫教会成为保守势力的战斗口号。
独立国家早期领导者们的理想通常是平等主义，重视一切平等。玻利瓦尔得到海地的援助，作为回报，他承诺在自己解放的地区废除奴隶制。到了1854年，除了西班牙前殖民地外，奴隶制在其他地区都已被废除。对结素印地安人的上贡问题和对混血人种的税收问题的早期承诺较晚才实现，这是因为新独立的国家仍然需要这些政策所带来的税收收入。平等的情绪通常由于担心大众没有准备好自治和民主而有所缓解。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：
Read the following four texts．Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D．Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1．(40 points) Text 1
If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament．you would most likely fend a noteworthy quirk：elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months．If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks，you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced．
What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses：a)certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills；b)winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina；c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime，at the annual peak of soccer mania；d)none of the above．
Anders Ericsson，a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he
believes strongly in “none of the above．”Ericsson grew up in Sweden，and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology．His first experiment，nearly 30 years ago，involved memory：training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers．“With the first subject，after about 20 hours of training，his digit span had risen from 7 to 20，” Ericsson recalls．“He kept improving，and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers．”
This success，coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined，led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one．In other words，whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize，those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information．And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined，was a process known as deliberate practice．Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task．Rather, it involves sexing specific goals，obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome．
Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits，including soccer．They gather all the data they can，not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments、^rim high achievers．Their work makes a rather startling assertion：the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated．Or，put another way, expert performers—whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming—are nearly always made，not born．
21．The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to____. A. stress the importance of professional training． B. spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup．
C. introduce the topic of what makes expert performance． D. explain why some soccer teams play better than others．
22．The word “mania”(Line 4：Paragraph 2) most probably means____. A. fun B. craze C. hysteria D. excitement 23．According to Ericsson，good memory____. A. depends on meaningful processing of information． B. results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises．
C. is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors．
D. requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration． 24．Ericsson and his colleagues believe that____.
A. talent is a dominating factor for professional success．
B. biographical data provide the key to excellent performance． C. the role of talent tends to be overlooked．
D. high achievers owe their Success mostly to nurture．
25．Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey? A. “Faith will move mountains．” B. “One reaps what one sows．” C. “Practice makes perfect．” D. “Like father，like son．”
文章解析：根据中心统一原则确定，
文章首段主题句是If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk：elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the