4. A. consistent B. innocent C. subjective D.explicit 5. A. damaging B. limited C. beneficial D. positive 6. A. figures B. finds C. points D. turns
7. A. responses B. sufferings C. workouts D. breakthroughs 8. A. gravity B. criterion C. fraternity D. functions 9. A. channel B. dilemma C. process D. condition 10. A. However B. Moreover C. Otherwise D. Therefore 11. A. in B. through C. beyond D. without 12. A. expand B. extend C.deposit D. squeeze 13. A. further B. away C. apart D. aside 14. A. committed B. designed C. added D. scheduled 15. A.conscience B. stability C. flexibility D. sharpness 16. A. temporarily B. originally C. systmatically D. occasionally 17. A. record B. track C. order D. pace
18. A. compromise B. commitment C. improvement D. inspiration 19. A. constantly B.consitently C. irregularly D. initially 20. A. effecient B. familiar C. abnormal D. effective
【答案】ABBBA DCDCA BAABD CBCAD
【解析】
【试源】2015届江苏省姜堰中学高三下学期期初调研考试 【结束】
19.【题文】The decision of the American Medical Association (AMA) to classify obesity as a disease is great news for the pharmaceutical industry, as it is likely to increae pressure on the Food and Drug Administratio(FDA) to approve more weigh-loss drugs and increase the odds that insurance companies will reimburse their cost. But it is deeply misleading. Treating obesity as a disease implies that moving into the categroy of obesity, which for adults means moving from a body-mass index(BMI) of 29 to BMI of 30, is equivalent to contracting a disease. But that is simply not the case.
Yes, there are certain health risks associated with having an elevated BMI,such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease. More broadly, a higher BMI is aassoicated with a geater risk of cardiometabolic abnormalities. Nonetheless, almost one quarter of “normal weight” people also have metabolic abnormalities, and more than half of “overweight” and almost one third of “obese” people have normal profiles, according to a 2008 study. That’s 16 million normal-weight Americans who have metabolic abnormalities and 20 million obese( or 56 million overweight and obese) Americans who have no such abnormalities.
One explanation for this discrepancy is that physical fitness and /or nutrition — rather than weight per se —may be what really matters. Several stuides have shown that physically fit “obese” individuals have lower incidence of heart dieseae and mortality from all causes than do sedentary(久坐的) people of “normal” weight. A recent clinical trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine showed that adopting a Mediterranean diet reduced cardiovascular risk independent of weight loss.
Some assume that the problem lies with BMI as a measure, which does not distinguish between fat, muscle and bone. While BMI is indeed a flawed(有瑕疵的) measure, it is not clear that there are better ones. A 2009 study also found no systematic differences BMI and other variables. In other words, it is not just that BMI is a poor measure of obesity but that obesity is a poor predictor of health.
Some hope that designating obesity as a disease will remove the shame assoicated with it, and obese people will no longer be blamed for their condition. Yet already it is being called the “fork to mouth” disease, and the disease categorization may reinforce blame by rasing the stakes. If obesity is a disease, parents of fat children may not merely be silently judged as bad parents but also accused of neglect and child endangerment.
If the AMA’s goal is to address the serious disease of type 2 diabetes and heart disease, it would be more productive and accurate for the association to urge doctors to focus on cardiometabolic risk, recognizing that there are both metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy individuals in all categories of weight. Rather than promote weight loss per se, doctors should instead encourage their patients of all size to incorporate physical activity and a balanced diet into their lives.
1.According this passage, who are most likely to suffer from heart disease ?
? Obese people who have no metabolic problem .
? Obese people who are physically active and healthy. ? Normal people who have a sedentary lifestyle ? Normal people who have a Mediterranean diet
2. From the passage , what can we learn about BMI ?
A.The BMI calculation doesn’t take age into account .
B. There will be better tools to measure one’s health than BMI.
C. It can identify the exact amount of fat, muscle and bone in one’s body respectively. D. It cannot be regarded as a reliable indicator of one’s health.
3. What is the author’s attitude towards AMA’s decision to recognize obesity as a disease ?
A. Critical. B. Suspicious. C. Pessimistic D. Optimistic
【答案】CDA 【解析】
【试源】2015届江苏省姜堰中学高三下学期期初调研考试 【结束】
20.【题文】Women have been a growing factor in the success of the US economy since the 1970s. Indeed, the additional productive power of women entering the workforce from 1970 until today accounts for about a quarter of current GDP. Still, the full potential of women in the workforce has yet to be tapped. As the US struggles to sustain historic GDP growth rates, it is critically important to bring more women into the workforce and fully deploy(有效利用) high-skill women to drive productivity improvement.
McKinsey & Company undertook this research over the past three months to understand how women contribute to the US economy; how their work benefits individual corporations; what prevents women from making greater contributions to their companies; and what approaches can
help companies unlock the full potential of women.
Creating the conditions to unlock the full potential of women and achieve our economic goals is a complex and difficult challenge. At a macro level, there is significant potential to raise the labor participation rates of women across the country. At a corporate level, where many high-skill women are employed, the opportunity is to continue to advance women into leadership positions where they can make the greatest contributions. Despite the sincere efforts of major corporations, the proportion of women falls quickly as you look higher in the corporate hierarchy. Overall, this picture has not improved for years.
We believe, however, that there is an opportunity to make substantial（实质上的） progress in developing and advancing women on the path to leadership. Companies have become very good at recruiting(招募) women—many major corporations recruit their “fair share” or more of women. Moreover, many companies have introduced mechanisms such as parental leaves, part-time policies, and travel-reducing technologies to help women stay the course. While the many barriers that remain are substantial, interventions at critical career points can have outsized impact.
For example, with a focus on middle management to increase the number of women who advance to the vice-presidential level, corporations could substantially improve the odds of achieving real gender diversity in top management. We found that more women in middle management roles are focused on leading than their colleagues at the entry level. And they have already demonstrated enough to advance and acquire managerial skills. Moreover, many are younger women with relatively light work/family concerns. If companies can win their loyalty at this stage of their careers, they will be more likely to stay the course. These women are ours to lose. ● According to Paragraph 1, women in the workforce _________.
A. are the major factor of the US economy’s success B. contribute the most part of America’s curent GDP
C. still have much potential in stimulating(刺激) economy D. are still struggling to sustain their job opportunities
1. Which of the following is an aim of Mckinsey & Company’s reserach ?
? To solve economy’s influcence on women’s work condition. ? To teach individual corpoartions how to deal with women . ? To help women to get more benefits from their companies ? To find out the factors that affect women’s work potential.
2. According to the passage , a company with many high-skill women workers ________.
A. should supply them with more high positions B. has to reduce and simplify its economic goals C. has to recruit more women across the country
D. should cut down women’s labour participation rates
3.The phrases “stay the course” in Para. 4 probably means “_______________”.
A. accept benefits reducing B. keep on working C. avoid part-time jobs D. keep the travel rights 4.. The author holds that women in middle management roles ________. A. have the most family concerns to deal with B. have the least loyalty to their companies C. show great desire of managerial skills
D. are less hopeful to be promoted than others
【答案】DABC 【解析】
【试源】2015届江苏省姜堰中学高三下学期期初调研考试 【结束】 1.【题文】The rise of the Internet has been one of the most transformative developments in human history, comparable in impact to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph. Over two billion people worldwide now have access to vastly more information than ever before, and can communicate with each other instantly, often using Web-connected mobile devices they carry everywhere. But the Internet’s tremendous impact has only just begun.
“Mass adoption of the Internet is driving one of the most exciting social, cultural, and political transformations in history, and unlike earlier periods of change, this time the effects are fully global,” Schmidt and Cohen write in their new book The New Digital Age.
Perhaps the most profound changes will come when the five billion people worldwide who currently lack Internet access get online. The authors do an excellent job of examining the implications of the Internet revolution for individuals, governments, and institutions like the news media. But if the book has one major shortcoming, it’s that authors don’t spend enough time applying a critical eye to the role of Internet businesses in these sweeping changes.
In their book, the authors provide the most authoritative volume to date that describes — and more importantly predicts — how the Internet will shape our lives in the coming decades. They paint a picture of a world in which individuals, companies, institutions, and governments must deal with two realities, one physical, and one virtual.
At the core of the book is the idea that “technology is neutral, but people aren’t.” By using this concept as a starting point, the authors aim to move beyond the now familiar optimist vs. pessimist dichotomy(对立观点)that has characterized many recent debates about whether the rise of the Internet will ultimately be good or bad for society. In an interview with TIME earlier this week, Cohen said although he and his co-author are optimistic about many aspects of the Internet, they’re also realistic about the risks and dangers that lie ahead when the next five billion people come online, particularly with respect to personal privacy and state surveillance(监视).
1. In what way is the rise of the Internet similar to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph?
A.It transforms human history. B.It makes daily communication easy. C.It is adopted by all human beings. D. It revolutionizes people's thinking. 2. In what respect is the book The New Digital Age considered inadequate? A.It fails to recognize the impact of the Internet technology. B.It fails to look into the social implications of the Internet.
C.It lacks an objective evaluation of the role of Internet businesses. D.It does not address the technical aspects of Internet communication. 3. What will the future be like when everybody gets online? A.People will be living in two different realities. B.People will have equal access to information. C.People don’t have to travel to see the world. D.People don’t have to communicate face to face.
4. What does the passage say about the authors of The New Digital Age? A.They leave many questions unanswered concerning the Internet. B.They are optimistic about the future of the Internet revolution. C.They have explored the unknown territories of the virtual world. D.They don’t take sides in analyzing the effects of the Internet.
【答案】BCAD 【解析】
【试源】2015届江苏省姜堰中学高三下学期期初调研考试 【结束】 2.【题文】In 1950, a young man would have found it much easier than it is today to get and keep a job in the auto industry. And in that year the average autoworker could meet monthly mortgage(抵押贷款)payments on an average home with just 13.4 percent of his take-home pay. Today a similar mortgage would claim more than twice that share of his monthly earnings.
Other members of the autoworker’s family, however, might be less inclined(倾向于......的) to trade the present for the past. His retired parents would certainly have had less economic security back then. Throughout much of the 1960s, more than a quarter of men and women age 65 and older lived below the poverty level, compared to less than 10 percent in 2010.
In most states, his wife could not have taken out a loan or a credit card in her own name. In 42 states, a homemaker had no legal claim on the earnings of her husband. And nowhere did a wife have legal protection against family violence.
Most black workers would not want to return to a time when, on average, they earned 40 percent less than their white counterparts(职位相当的人),while racially restrictive agreements largely prevented them from buying into the suburban neighborhoods being built for white working-class families.
Today, new problems have emerged in the process of resolving old ones, but the solution is not to go back to the past. Some people may long for an era when divorce was still hard to come by. The spread of no-fault divorce has reduced the bargaining power of whichever spouse is more interested in continuing the relationship. And the breakup of such marriages has caused pain for many families.
The growing diversity of family life comes with new possibilities as well as new challenges. According to a recent poll, more than 80 percent of Americans believe that their current family is as close as the one in which they grew up, or closer. Finding ways to improve the lives of the remaining 20 percent seems more realistic than trying to restore an imaginary golden age. 1. What do we learn about American autoworkers in 1950? A.They had less job security than they do today. B. It was not too difficult for them to buy a house. C.Their earnings were worth twice as much as today. D.They were better off than workers in other industries.
2. Why couldn’t black workers buy a house in a white suburban neighborhood ? A.They lacked the means of transportation. B.They were subjected to racial inequality. C.They were afraid to break the law.