复合不定代词用法
复合不定代词是由some-?any-?no-?every-加上-one?-body?-thing等所组成的不定代词。复合不定代词包括 something, somebody, someone, anything,
anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等 十二个。
一、复合不定代词的指代对象
1.含-body和-one的复合代词只用来指人?含-body的复合不定代词与含-one的复合不定代词在功能和意义上完全相同?可以互换。只是用-body时显得较通俗些?多用于口语中?用-one时显得较文雅些?更常见于正式场合及书面语中。Someone/Somebody is crying in the next room.有人在隔壁房间哭。 2.含-thing的复合不定代词只用来指事物。如? Are you going to buy anything?你会去买东西吗? 二、复合不定代词的属格
1.含-one和-body等指人的复合代词可有-’s属格形式。如? Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.大家的事情没人管。 Is this anybody’s seat? 这儿有人坐吗?
2.含-one和-body等指人的复合代词后跟else时?-?s属格应加在else之后。如Can you remember someone else’s name? 你还记得其他人的姓名吗? 3.含-thing等指事物的复合不定代词没有-’s属格形式。 三、复合不定代词的数
1.复合不定代词都具有单数的含义?因此通常被看成是单数第三人称。当它们充当句子的主语时?其后的谓语动词用单数形式。如? Is everyone here today? 今天?大家都到齐了吗?
Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事?只怕有心人。 四、复合不定代词的替代问题
由于复合不定代词都具有单数的含义?所以在正规的英语中用来替代它们的代词也应该是单数形式。
1.含-one和-body等指人的复合代词?其代词应该是he/she, him/her,其-?s属格 形式的代词应该是his/her, his/hers。如?
Everyone has his/her own words. 每个人都有他?她?自己的说辞。
但是?这样一来就会因为性别的差异而使得在代词的运用上具有不确定性?所以为了避免这种别扭的情况?我们一般都是用they/them/their/theirs,尤其是在口
语中以及非正式场合下。如:No one gave you a ticket, did they? 没人给你票,是吗??
2.含-thing等指事物的复合不定代词?不会因性别上的差异而使得在代词的运用上产生不确定性?因此我们就使用it。如? Something goes wrong, doesn’t it?出问题了?是吗? 五、复合不定代词的定语
复合不定代词的定语必须后置?即放在复合不定代词的后面。如? Can you tell something interesting? 你能讲些有趣的事情吗? 六、含some-和any-的复合不定代词间的用法区别
由some-和any-所构成的复合不定代词?即something和anything?someone 和anyone?somebody和anybody?之间的区别跟some和any的区别一样。 1.something?someone?somebody通常用于肯定句中?而anything?anyone,anybody一般用于否定句?疑问句或条件状语从句中. Do you have anything to say? ?你有话要说吗?
I can’t meet anybody on the island. 在岛上,?我没遇见任何人。
2.在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句?和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句?以及表示反问的问句中?也用something?someone?somebody等复合不定代词。如:Would you like something to eat?要些吃的东西吗? 3.当anything表示“任何事物??无论何事物?”?anyone?anybody表示“无论谁?任何人”等意义时?它们也可以用于肯定句中。如? Anything is OK. 什么都行。
Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。 七、复合不定代词的否定
1.“not every-”表示的是部分否定?意为“并非都?不都”。例如? Not everything will go well. 并非一切都会那么顺利。
The teacher didn?t call everyone?s name. 老师并没有点所有人的名。 2.“not any-”和no-均表示全否定。例如?
He listened, but heard nothing.他听了听?但什么也没听到。 = He listened, but didn?t hear anything.
You haven?t called anyone/anybody up, have you? 你没给谁打过电话?是吗? = You have called no one/nobody up, have you? 八、 合与分的区别问题
1.someone?anyone?everyone都只能指人?且不能和介词of连用?some one，any one，?every one则既可指人又可指物?可与介词of连用。例如?
Anyone should be polite to every one of them.任何人都要礼貌对待他们中的每 一个人。
---Which toy would you like? ---Any one is OK. ---你要那个玩具?---随便。 2.no one?=nobody?“没有人”?只用来指人?通常不和介词of连用?none“没有一个”?既可以用来指人也可用来指物。例如? No one can do it better. 没有人能做得更好。
None of these questions is easy, and none of us can even answer any one of them.这些问题没有一个是容易的?我们中没有一个人能答出其中的一题。 回答who引导的特殊疑问句时用no one?回答how many引导的特殊疑问句时用none。例如?
---Who was late ? ---No one. ---谁迟到了?---谁也没有迟到。
---How many pigs do you keep? ---None. ---你养几头猪?---一头也没养。 练习?
( ) 1. I’m hungry. I want ______ to eat.
A. anything B. Something C. everything D. nothing ( ) 2. —Do you have ______ to say for yourself? —No, I have ______ to say.
A. something; everything B. nothing; something C. everything; anything D. anything; nothing ( ) 3. Why not ask ______ to help you?
A. everyone B. someone C. anyone D. none ( ) 4. Everything ______ ready. We can start now. A. are B. is C. be D. were ( ) 5. There’s ______ with his eyes. He’s OK. A. anything wrong B. wrong something C. nothing wrong D. wrong nothing
( ) 6. —The story is so amazing! It’s the most interesting story I’ve ever read. —But I’m afraid it won’t be liked by ______.
A. everybody B. Somebody C. anybody D. nobody ( ) 7. She listened carefully, but heard ______.
A. anyone B. Someone C. everyone D. nothing
( ) 8. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______. A. everything B. Anything C. something D. nothing
( ) 9. —Everyone is here today, ______? —No, Han Mei isn’t here. She’s ill.
A. isn’t it B. isn’t he C. are they D. isn’t everyone ( ) 10. Everything goes well, ______?
A. is it B. Isn’t it C. do they D. doesn’t it ( )11. ________ of us is active in English class.
A. Every B. Every one C. Everyone D. Anybody ( )12. — The exam was difficult, wasn't it? — No，but I don't think______ could pass it.
A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody ( )13._____of us go/goes to school by bus .We all live near the school.
A. All B. No one C. None D. Everyone
( )14.Look, ____ is dancing under the tree. ----Oh, that’s my cousin , Anna.
A. everybody B. anybody C. nobody D. Somebody ( )15.You don’t have a drink. Can I get you ____ ？ A. something B. anything C. nothing D. Everthing
( )16.----Look! We have ____ sugar. ----Really? Let's go and buy some. A．few B．a few C．little D．a little
( )17.There isn't ____ paper in the box. Will you go and get ____ for me? A．any; some B．any; any C．some; some D．some; any
( )18.．____ of them has a dictionary and ____ one of them can look up words in the dictionary.
A．Each; every B．Every; each C．Each; each D．Every; every ( )19. Put it down, Richard. You mustn't read ____ letter.
A．anyone's else's B．anyone's else C．anyone else's D．anyone else 二、用something, anything, anyone, nothing, everything, no one, every one填空。 1. —Look! Can you see_____ behind the tree? —Yes, I think it’s a cat. 2. —Do you know _____ in the store? —Sorry, I don’t know them.
3.______ is in the room. It’s empty(空的)。
4. This was my first time in Wuhan, so_______ was really interesting. 5. —Could you give me______ to drink? —Sure！Here you are.
6. — Kangkang, is______ here today? —No, Jim isn’t here. He is in hospital. 7. —Jim! Can you see the words on the blackboard? —Sorry! I can see _______.
8. The bottle is empty. There is ____ in it.