分类号：TP31 U D C：D10621-408-(2008)1928-0 密 级：公 开 编 号：2004031033
成都信息工程学院
学位论文
电梯控制系统的仿真设计
论文作者姓名： 申请学位专业： 申请学位类别： 指导教师姓名（职称）： 论文提交日期：
邹琴 计算机科学与技术
工学学士 刘双虎（讲师） 2008年6月3 日
电梯控制系统的仿真设计
摘 要
本课题是以现有的建筑中电梯控制及运行的情况为设计电梯控制系统的参照准则，设计仿真系统。目的在于深刻理解电梯的运行控制过程，熟练掌握运用单片机设计仿真系统的过程，且能更好的理解电梯调度的算法。在已有的电梯群控算法研究中，选择适合的调度算法用于本系统，在此基础上，加入自己的理解和改进，这是本课题设计的意义所在。以两台六层楼电梯为仿真设计对象，以AT89C51单片机为核心，辅以相应的软硬件，设计仿真电路图，用LED和数码管输出显示，以此来表征电梯的各种运行状态及规律。利用电梯群控算法的一些思想来实现双路电梯的控制，较为真实的模拟出用于6层建筑的双路电梯的控制系统。该系统体积小，运行稳定，在传统“忙梯”算法上有一定的改进。软件的设计过程采用模块化的编程思想，条理清晰，模块功能分明。
关键词：双路电梯；电梯调度；单片机仿真；并联电梯算法
The Simulation Design of Elevator Control System
Abstract
This issue is based on the reference criteria of the elevator control and operation of the elevator control system in existing building to design the simulation system. The aim is to deeply understand the operational control process of lift, and master the design process of simulation system with microcontroller and the various scheduling algorithm of elevator. On the basis of existing elevator group control algorithm, I select the appropriate algorithm and improve it, which is the significance of the design. We choose two parallel connection elevators of six floors as the simulation design object, the 80C51 microcontroller as the core, supplemented by the appropriate hardware and software, then design simulation circuit, setting the output display with LED, in order to show the characterization of the various running. Using a number of ideas of elevator Group Control algorithm achieve reasonable control to the two parallel connection elevators, actual simulating the control system for two parallel connection elevators in six-storey building. The system is small, stably operated, and has some improvements based on the traditional \staircase\algorithms. The design process of the software adopted the modularization programming ideas, and rather be clear consecution, distinct function.
Key words: dual lifts; elevator scheduling; microcontroller simulation; parallel
connection elevator algorithm
目 录
论文总页数：36页
1 引言 ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 课题背景 ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ..................................................................................................... 1 1.3 本课题研究的意义 ................................................................................................. 2 1.4 本课题的研究方法 ................................................................................................. 2 2 开发工具简介 ............................................................................................................... 3 2.1 AT89C51单片机 ...................................................................................................... 3 2.2 编程软件 ............................................................................................................... 3 2.3 模拟软件 ............................................................................................................... 3 3 需求描述 ...................................................................................................................... 4 3.1 模拟对象 ............................................................................................................... 4 3.2 按钮情况 ............................................................................................................... 4 3.3 运行状态显示情况 ................................................................................................. 4 3.4 电梯控制系统功能要求 .......................................................................................... 4 3.4.1响应外部请求功能 ........................................................................................... 4 3.4.2 响应内部请求 ................................................................................................. 5 3.4.3 显示信息功能 ................................................................................................. 5 3.5 用户特点 ............................................................................................................... 5 3.6 使用频度 ............................................................................................................... 5 3.7 处理流程 ............................................................................................................... 6 4 仿真电路图设计............................................................................................................ 7 4.1 设计仿真电路图 ..................................................................................................... 7 4.2 仿真图说明 ............................................................................................................ 7 5 系统结构设计 ............................................................................................................... 9 5.1 模块设计 ............................................................................................................... 9 5.2 系统处理流程 ...................................................................................................... 10 5.3 系统结构描述 .......................................................................................................11 5.4 功能与程序的关系 ................................................................................................11 6 单片机编程................................................................................................................. 12
6.1 单片机引脚使用情况 ............................................................................................ 12 6.1.1 从机引脚使用说明 ........................................................................................ 12 6.1.2 主机引脚使用说明 ........................................................................................ 12 6.2 串行通信 ............................................................................................................. 12 6.2.1需求概述 ....................................................................................................... 12 6.2.2 串行通信概述 ............................................................................................... 13 6.2.3 本设计中的串行通信具体说明....................................................................... 13 6.3 中断 .................................................................................................................... 13 6.3.1 需求概述 ...................................................................................................... 13 6.3.2 中断概述 ...................................................................................................... 13 6.3.3 串行通信中断 ............................................................................................... 14 6.3.4 定时/计数器中断........................................................................................... 14 6.4 定时器设置 .......................................................................................................... 14 6.4.1 串行通信定时设置 ........................................................................................ 14 6.4.2 定时/计数器设置........................................................................................... 14 6.5 行列式键盘 .......................................................................................................... 15 6.5.1段数码管动态扫描显示 .................................................................................. 15 6.5.2 LED灯泡显示 ................................................................................................ 16 7 软件设计概述 ............................................................................................................. 17 7.1 软件设计总体流程 ............................................................................................... 17 7.2 电梯群控概述 ...................................................................................................... 18 7.3 忙梯算法 ............................................................................................................. 18 7.3.1算法概述 ....................................................................................................... 18 7.3.2 算法评价 ...................................................................................................... 19 7.3.3 算法的改进之处............................................................................................ 19 7.4 电梯调度算法流程 ............................................................................................... 21 7.5 程序代码及说明 ................................................................................................... 21 7.5.1 确定请求类型函数 ........................................................................................ 21 7.5.2 运行参数设置函数 ........................................................................................ 23 7.5.3 外部请求处理函数 ........................................................................................ 24 7.5.4 电梯调度算法 ............................................................................................... 25 8 测试 ........................................................................................................................... 27 9 评价 ........................................................................................................................... 32